al-Qalqashandi
Al-Qalqashandi | |
|---|---|
| Born | Shihāb al-Dīn Abū 'l-Abbās Aḥmad ibn ‘Alī ibn Aḥmad ‘Abd Allāh al-Fazārī al-Shāfiʿī 1355 or 1356 Nile Delta, Egypt |
| Died | 1418 |
| Nationality | Egyptian |
| Occupation(s) | Encyclopedist, Polymath, Mathematician |
| Notable work | Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshá |
Shihāb al-Dīn Abū 'l-Abbās Aḥmad ibn ‘Alī ibn Aḥmad ‘Abd Allāh magnum opus is the voluminous administrative encyclopedia Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshá.
Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā
Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshá fī Ṣināʿat al-Inshāʾ ('The Dawn of the Blind' or 'Daybreak for the Night-Blind regarding the Composition of Chancery Documents'); a fourteen-volume encyclopedia completed in 1412, is an administrative manual on geography, political history, natural history, zoology, mineralogy, cosmography, and time measurement. Based on the Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣar of
Arabic administrative literature".[3] Selections on "Seats of Government " and "Regulations of the Kingdom " from Early Islam to the Mamluks' have been published separately.[4]
The Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā was cited by
letter frequencies
and sets of letters which cannot occur together in one word.
[5]
Kahn therefore cited it as the first work in human history that described cryptology, because it described both cryptography and cryptanalysis. Al-Qalqashandi quoted the text relevant to cryptology from the work of Ibn al-Durayhim (1312–1361) that was once considered lost. Later discoveries in Istanbul‟s Sulaimaniyyah Ottoman Archives did not just find the work by Ibn Duraihim, but also works of al-Kindi in the 9th century that is now considered the oldest work on cryptology.[6]
References
- ^ Bosworth 1978, p. 509.
- ^ Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul, eds. (1998). "al-Qalqashandi". Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Vol. 2. Routledge. p. 629.
- ISBN 978-3-447-05933-6. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- ^ Heba el-Toudy and Tarek Galal Abdelhamid (eds), Selections from Ṣubḥ al-A‘shā by al-Qalqashand ī, Clerk of the Mamluk Court: Egypt: “Seats of Government ” and “Regulations of the Kingdom ”, from Early Islam to the Mamluks', Al-Masāq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean (2017)
- ISBN 9780674985377.
- ^ Kathryn A. Schwartz (2009): Charting Arabic Cryptology's Evolution∗, Cryptologia,33:4, 297-304
Sources
- OCLC 758278456.
External links
- Qalqashandī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī (1879). Die Geographie und Verwaltung von Ägypten. Translated by Ferdinand Wüstenfeld. Dieterich.
- Qalqashandī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī (1903). Ṣuhḥ al-aishā. Vol. 1. Cairo.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Qalqashandī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī (1913). Kitab subh al-a'shá. Vol. 1. Al-Qhirah al-Maba'ah al-Amryah.
- Qalqashandī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī (1913). Kitab subh al-a'shá. Vol. 6. Al-Qhirah al-Maba'ah al-Amryah.
- Damanhr, Amad ibn Abd al-Munim; Qalqashandī Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī; Ibn Jbir, Muammad ibn Amad, 1299-1378 (1871). Sabl al-rashd ilá naf' al-'ibd. Iskandariyah Al-Maba'ah al-Waaryah.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link
Arabic Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Further reading
- Christian and Jewish Religious Dignitaries in Mamluk Egypt and Syria: Qalqashandi's Information on their Hierarchy, Titulature, and Appointment (I &II) International Journal of Middle East Studies, 3:1, 3:2 (1972)
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