Demographics of Iran
Demographics of Iran | |
---|---|
Population | 87,929,883 (2023 est.) |
Growth rate | 0.98% (2022 est.) |
Birth rate | 15.27 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Death rate | 5.17 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Life expectancy | 75.25 years |
• male | 73.89 years |
• female | 76.67 years |
Fertility rate | 1.66 children born/woman (2023 official) |
Infant mortality rate | 14.84 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | −0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 24.11% |
65 and over | 5.87% |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.05 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.77 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Iranian |
Language | |
Official | Persian (Farsi) |
Iran's population increased dramatically during the later half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016.[1][2] As of 2022[update], Iran's population is around 86.5 million.[3] In recent years, however, Iran's birth rate has dropped significantly. Studies project that Iran's rate of population growth will continue to slow until it stabilises above 100 million by 2050.[4][5] Half of Iran's population was under 35 years old in 2012.[6]
In 2009, the number of households stood at 15.3 million (4.8 persons per household).[7] Families earn some 11.8 million rials (about $960) per month on average (2012).[8]
According to the OECD/World Bank statistics
Population
According to the 2016 population census the population of Iran was 79.9 million,[1] a fourfold increase since 1956. Between 1976 and 1986, an average annual population growth of almost 4% was reached, but due to decreasing fertility levels the growth decreased to 1.2% between 2011 and 2016.
Census date | Population | Average annual growth (%) |
Population density/km2 |
Proportion urban (%) |
Household size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1956-11-01 | 18,954,704 | — | 12 | 31.4 | |
1966-11-01 | 25,785,210 | 3.13 | 16 | 37.5 | |
1976-11-01 | 33,708,744 | 2.71 | 20 | 47.0 | 5.02 |
1986-11-22 | 49,445,010 | 3.91 | 30 | 54.0 | 5.11 |
1996-11-01 | 60,055,488 | 2.0 | 37 | 61.0 | 4.84 |
2006-11-01 | 70,495,782 | 1.62 | 43 | 68.5 | 4.03 |
2011-11-01 | 75,149,669 | 1.29 | 46 | 71.4 | 3.55 |
2016-11-01 | 79,926,270 | 1.24 | 49 | 74.0 | 3.3 |
Total Fertility Rate
In 1960, Iran’s fertility rate was 7.3 children per woman. In 2021, the rate had fallen to 1.7 children per woman.[1] A rate at 1.7 may seem good, but it can actually be quite harmful, as it is below replacement rate. Replacement rate is a term that refers to levels of childbearing, and is often calculated to be 2.1 children per woman. [2]When the total fertility rate is below 2.1, this means that the country is faced with an ageing population, which can cause many problems for the country, including increased expenditure on health and long-term care, and labour-force shortages. [3]
Studies show that there are several potential reasons for why Iran is facing a fertility crisis. According to a study through the Australian National University, there are both micro and macro factors affecting the fertility rate in Iran, including education, economics, and culture.[4]Micro-factors can include family income levels and individual choices, while macro-factors can include the country’s economy, education, and shifting cultural values. The cross-sectional cohort study examined four provinces in Iran (Gilan, Sistan & Baluchistan, West Azerbaijan, and Yazd) and found that trends show that women in all four provinces are choosing to have fewer children compared to the women born in the earlier cohorts. The majority of women agreed with statements such as “having many children is an obstacle for the parents’ interests” and “having many children creates financial pressure for the family” (among others)[5]
Other sources also suggest that delayed marriage and a tendency to limit fertility are factors affecting the decline of TFR.[6]A decline in TFR can lead to population decrease, and an ageing population, which can negatively impact the country’s economy.[7]In response, Iranian policymakers have attempted to limit these factors by restricting access to contraceptives and surgeries that reduce fertility.[8]
Vital statistics
UN estimates
(2022 estimates).[15]
Population (on 1 July) |
Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | crude birth rate1 | crude death rate1 | natural change1 | total fertility rate2 | infant mortality rate3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 16,833,000 | 844,000 | 469 000 | 375,000 | 50.1 | 27.9 | 22.3 | 6.95 | 209.0 |
1951 | 17,220,000 | 863,000 | 481 000 | 382,000 | 50.1 | 27.9 | 22.2 | 6.95 | 207.3 |
1952 | 17,614,000 | 883,000 | 485 000 | 398,000 | 50.1 | 27.5 | 22.6 | 6.96 | 203.7 |
1953 | 18,018,000 | 904,000 | 490 000 | 414,000 | 50.1 | 27.2 | 23.0 | 6.98 | 200.5 |
1954 | 18,435,000 | 925,000 | 490 000 | 434,000 | 50.1 | 26.6 | 23.6 | 7.01 | 197.2 |
1955 | 18,874,000 | 946,000 | 491 000 | 455,000 | 50.1 | 26.0 | 24.1 | 7.04 | 192.9 |
1956 | 19,332,000 | 968,000 | 494 000 | 474,000 | 50.0 | 25.5 | 24.5 | 7.08 | 189.5 |
1957 | 19,806,000 | 996,000 | 497 000 | 499,000 | 50.2 | 25.1 | 25.2 | 7.18 | 185.8 |
1958 | 20,295,000 | 1,022,000 | 494 000 | 528,000 | 50.3 | 24.3 | 26.0 | 7.28 | 181.6 |
1959 | 20,822,000 | 1,046,000 | 494 000 | 551,000 | 50.2 | 23.7 | 26.5 | 7.38 | 177.8 |
1960 | 21,389,000 | 1,049,000 | 493 000 | 556,000 | 49.0 | 23.1 | 26.0 | 7.30 | 174.0 |
1961 | 21,984,000 | 1,053,000 | 489 000 | 564,000 | 48.0 | 22.3 | 25.7 | 7.23 | 170.2 |
1962 | 22,605,000 | 1,069,000 | 500 000 | 569,000 | 47.4 | 22.2 | 25.2 | 7.22 | 167.3 |
1963 | 23,259,000 | 1,082,000 | 485 000 | 597,000 | 46.6 | 20.9 | 25.7 | 7.18 | 162.8 |
1964 | 23,949,000 | 1,098,000 | 483 000 | 615,000 | 45.9 | 20.2 | 25.7 | 7.13 | 159.1 |
1965 | 24,667,000 | 1,120,000 | 482 000 | 637,000 | 45.5 | 19.6 | 25.9 | 7.11 | 155.4 |
1966 | 25,399,000 | 1,145,000 | 480 000 | 664,000 | 45.1 | 18.9 | 26.2 | 7.08 | 151.6 |
1967 | 26,133,000 | 1,174,000 | 480 000 | 694,000 | 44.9 | 18.4 | 26.6 | 7.05 | 147.6 |
1968 | 26,875,000 | 1,195,000 | 487 000 | 708,000 | 44.5 | 18.1 | 26.4 | 6.97 | 144.0 |
1969 | 27,644,000 | 1,220,000 | 474 000 | 746,000 | 44.2 | 17.2 | 27.0 | 6.90 | 138.9 |
1970 | 28,450,000 | 1,229,000 | 468 000 | 761,000 | 43.2 | 16.5 | 26.8 | 6.71 | 134.1 |
1971 | 29,274,000 | 1,239,000 | 459 000 | 780,000 | 42.4 | 15.7 | 26.7 | 6.51 | 128.9 |
1972 | 30,112,000 | 1,237,000 | 456 000 | 782,000 | 41.1 | 15.1 | 26.0 | 6.25 | 123.8 |
1973 | 30,982,000 | 1,258,000 | 440 000 | 818,000 | 40.6 | 14.2 | 26.4 | 6.11 | 118.2 |
1974 | 31,896,000 | 1,295,000 | 433 000 | 862,000 | 40.6 | 13.6 | 27.0 | 6.04 | 113.0 |
1975 | 32,857,000 | 1,339,000 | 428 000 | 911,000 | 40.8 | 13.0 | 27.8 | 6.01 | 107.7 |
1976 | 33,841,000 | 1,416,000 | 425 000 | 991,000 | 41.8 | 12.5 | 29.3 | 6.14 | 102.3 |
1977 | 34,876,000 | 1,474,000 | 421 000 | 1,053,000 | 42.3 | 12.1 | 30.2 | 6.20 | 96.6 |
1978 | 35,994,000 | 1,550,000 | 446 000 | 1,104,000 | 43.1 | 12.4 | 30.7 | 6.33 | 92.4 |
1979 | 37,205,000 | 1,645,000 | 411 000 | 1,234,000 | 44.2 | 11.0 | 33.2 | 6.53 | 85.1 |
1980 | 38,521,000 | 1,708,000 | 422 000 | 1,286,000 | 44.4 | 11.0 | 33.4 | 6.58 | 79.5 |
1981 | 40,476,000 | 1,756,000 | 463 000 | 1,293,000 | 44.1 | 11.6 | 32.4 | 6.56 | 74.3 |
1982 | 42,500,000 | 1,886,000 | 467 000 | 1,419,000 | 44.4 | 11.0 | 33.4 | 6.55 | 69.3 |
1983 | 44,028,000 | 1,930,000 | 458 000 | 1,472,000 | 43.9 | 10.4 | 33.5 | 6.51 | 65.1 |
1984 | 45,628,000 | 1,966,000 | 420 000 | 1,546,000 | 43.1 | 9.2 | 33.9 | 6.44 | 61.5 |
1985 | 47,266,000 | 1,974,000 | 415 000 | 1,559,000 | 41.8 | 8.8 | 33.0 | 6.26 | 58.2 |
1986 | 48,913,000 | 1,957,000 | 409 000 | 1,547,000 | 40.0 | 8.4 | 31.7 | 6.01 | 55.3 |
1987 | 50,541,000 | 1,915,000 | 407 000 | 1,507,000 | 37.9 | 8.1 | 29.9 | 5.69 | 52.6 |
1988 | 52,112,000 | 1,872,000 | 399 000 | 1,473,000 | 36.0 | 7.7 | 28.3 | 5.39 | 49.8 |
1989 | 53,645,000 | 1,828,000 | 358 000 | 1,470,000 | 34.1 | 6.7 | 27.4 | 5.11 | 47.4 |
1990 | 55,794,000 | 1,788,000 | 395 000 | 1,393,000 | 32.5 | 7.2 | 25.3 | 4.86 | 46.5 |
1991 | 57,991,000 | 1,790,000 | 359 000 | 1,431,000 | 30.9 | 6.2 | 24.7 | 4.51 | 43.1 |
1992 | 59,372,000 | 1,697,000 | 358 000 | 1,340,000 | 28.5 | 6.0 | 22.5 | 4.08 | 41.3 |
1993 | 59,755,000 | 1,579,000 | 352 000 | 1,227,000 | 26.1 | 5.8 | 20.3 | 3.68 | 39.8 |
1994 | 59,986,000 | 1,367,000 | 340 000 | 1,027,000 | 22.8 | 5.7 | 17.1 | 3.27 | 38.2 |
1995 | 60,795,000 | 1,244,000 | 335 000 | 908,000 | 20.4 | 5.5 | 14.9 | 2.89 | 36.8 |
1996 | 61,598,000 | 1,145,000 | 333 000 | 811,000 | 18.6 | 5.4 | 13.2 | 2.57 | 35.4 |
1997 | 62,481,000 | 1,081,000 | 334 000 | 747,000 | 17.3 | 5.4 | 12.0 | 2.33 | 34.0 |
1998 | 63,461,000 | 1,064,000 | 336 000 | 727,000 | 16.8 | 5.3 | 11.5 | 2.20 | 32.5 |
1999 | 64,475,000 | 1,065,000 | 333 000 | 732,000 | 16.6 | 5.2 | 11.4 | 2.10 | 31.0 |
2000 | 65,544,000 | 1,071,000 | 337 000 | 735,000 | 16.4 | 5.2 | 11.2 | 2.02 | 29.5 |
2001 | 66,675,000 | 1,082,000 | 344 000 | 738,000 | 16.3 | 5.2 | 11.1 | 1.94 | 28.1 |
2002 | 67,327,000 | 1,086,000 | 345 000 | 742,000 | 16.1 | 5.1 | 11.0 | 1.87 | 26.4 |
2003 | 67,955,000 | 1,081,000 | 370 000 | 712,000 | 16.0 | 5.5 | 10.5 | 1.82 | 25.6 |
2004 | 69,062,000 | 1,107,000 | 345 000 | 762,000 | 16.1 | 5.0 | 11.1 | 1.80 | 23.4 |
2005 | 70,183,000 | 1,134,000 | 348 000 | 786,000 | 16.2 | 5.0 | 11.2 | 1.78 | 21.9 |
2006 | 71,276,000 | 1,173,000 | 349 000 | 824,000 | 16.5 | 4.9 | 11.6 | 1.77 | 20.6 |
2007 | 72,319,000 | 1,221,000 | 350 000 | 872,000 | 16.9 | 4.8 | 12.1 | 1.77 | 19.4 |
2008 | 73,318,000 | 1,265,000 | 369 000 | 896,000 | 17.3 | 5.0 | 12.2 | 1.77 | 18.2 |
2009 | 74,323,000 | 1,304,000 | 381 000 | 923,000 | 17.5 | 5.1 | 12.4 | 1.77 | 17.2 |
2010 | 75,374,000 | 1,337,000 | 385 000 | 953,000 | 17.8 | 5.1 | 12.6 | 1.77 | 16.3 |
2011 | 76,343,000 | 1,388,000 | 381 000 | 1,008,000 | 18.2 | 5.0 | 13.2 | 1.80 | 15.5 |
2012 | 77,324,000 | 1,464,000 | 378 000 | 1,085,000 | 18.9 | 4.9 | 14.0 | 1.89 | 14.8 |
2013 | 78,459,000 | 1,526,000 | 385 000 | 1,141,000 | 19.4 | 4.9 | 14.5 | 1.96 | 14.2 |
2014 | 79,962,000 | 1,579,000 | 391 000 | 1,188,000 | 19.8 | 4.9 | 14.9 | 2.04 | 13.6 |
2015 | 81,791,000 | 1,583,000 | 395 000 | 1,188,000 | 19.4 | 4.8 | 14.6 | 2.05 | 13.1 |
2016 | 83,306,000 | 1,584,000 | 394 000 | 1,190,000 | 19.0 | 4.7 | 14.3 | 2.07 | 12.6 |
2017 | 84,505,000 | 1,572,000 | 396 000 | 1,176,000 | 18.6 | 4.7 | 13.9 | 2.07 | 12.2 |
2018 | 85,618,000 | 1,475,000 | 404 000 | 1,071,000 | 17.2 | 4.7 | 12.5 | 1.97 | 11.8 |
2019 | 86,564,000 | 1,308,000 | 421 000 | 886,000 | 15.1 | 4.9 | 10.2 | 1.77 | 11.4 |
2020 | 87,290,000 | 1,243,000 | 486 000 | 757,000 | 14.2 | 5.6 | 8.7 | 1.71 | 11.0 |
2021 | 87,923,000 | 1,204,000 | 566 000 | 638,000 | 13.7 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 1.69 | 10.7 |
1per 1000; 2 TFR = number of children per woman; 3per 1000 births
Registered births and deaths
(2001 statistics)[16][17] [18]
Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total Fertility Rate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1959 | 864,846 | 176,268 | 688,578 | |||||
1960 | 876,206 | 171,040 | 705,166 | |||||
1961 | 902,260 | 159,371 | 742,889 | |||||
1962 | 957,500 | 165,488 | 792,012 | |||||
1963 | 920,967 | 135,912 | 785,055 | |||||
1964 | 1,118,911 | 145,174 | 973,737 | |||||
1965 | 1,139,663 | 171,940 | 967,723 | |||||
1966 | 1,101,606 | 178,991 | 922,615 | |||||
1967 | 1,019,373 | 179,159 | 840,214 | |||||
1968 | 1,037,022 | 174,201 | 862,821 | |||||
1969 | 1,091,513 | 167,660 | 923,853 | |||||
1970 | 1,189,203 | 163,430 | 1,025,773 | |||||
1971 | 1,231,227 | 149,325 | 1,081,902 | |||||
1972 | 1,138,843 | 153,568 | 985,275 | |||||
1973 | 1,199,777 | 155,081 | 1,044,696 | |||||
1974 | 1,248,256 | 149,785 | 1,098,471 | |||||
1975 | 1,339,267 | 148,543 | 1,190,724 | |||||
1976 | 1,401,426 | 155,981 | 1,245,445 | |||||
1977 | 1,399,977 | 146,369 | 1,253,608 | |||||
1978 | 1,369,597 | 127,587 | 1,242,010 | |||||
1979 | 1,689,908 | 142,402 | 1,547,506 | |||||
1980 | 2,450,308 | 162,176 | 2,288,132 | |||||
1981 | 2,421,611 | 178,099 | 2,243,512 | |||||
1982 | 2,101,894 | 200,614 | 1,901,280 | |||||
1983 | 2,203,448 | 207,228 | 1,996,220 | |||||
1984 | 2,067,803 | 186,440 | 1,881,363 | |||||
1985 | 2,033,285 | 190,061 | 1,843,224 | |||||
1986 | 2,259,055 | 199,511 | 2,059,544 | |||||
1987 | 1,832,089 | 204,230 | 1,627,859 | |||||
1988 | 1,944,149 | 238,390 | 1,705,759 | |||||
1989 | 1,784,811 | 199,645 | 1,585,166 | |||||
1990 | 1,722,977 | 217,597 | 1,505,380 | |||||
1991 | 1,582,931 | 217,637 | 1,365,294 | |||||
1992 | 1,433,243 | 188,647 | 1,244,596 | |||||
1993 | 1,388,017 | 208,161 | 1,179,856 | |||||
1994 | 1,426,784 | 3.50 | ||||||
1995 | 1,205,372 | 3.22 | ||||||
1996 | 1,187,903 | 2.95 | ||||||
1997 | 1,179,260 | 2.73 | ||||||
1998 | 1,185,639 | 551,345 | 634,294 | 2.53 | ||||
1999 | 62,738,000 | 1,177,557 | 374,838 | 802,719 | 18.8 | 6.0 | 12.8 | 2.36 |
2000 | 63,658,000 | 1,095,165 | 382,674 | 712,491 | 17.2 | 6.0 | 11.2 | 2.19 |
2001 | 64,592,000 | 1,110,836 | 421,525 | 689,311 | 17.2 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 2.09 |
2002 | 65,540,000 | 1,122,104 | 337,237 | 784,867 | 17.1 | 5.1 | 12.0 | 2.01 |
2003 | 66,480,000 | 1,171,573 | 368,518 | 803,055 | 17.6 | 5.5 | 12.1 | 1.92 |
2004 | 67,477,000 | 1,154,368 | 355,213 | 799,155 | 17.1 | 5.3 | 11.8 | 1.87 |
2005 | 69,672,000 | 1,239,408 | 363,723 | 875,685 | 18.1 | 5.3 | 12.8 | 1.82 |
2006 | 70,554,000 | 1,253,912 | 408,566 | 845,346 | 17.8 | 5.8 | 12.0 | 1.79 |
2007 | 71,336,000 | 1,286,716 | 412,736 | 873,980 | 18.0 | 5.8 | 12.2 | 1.81 |
2008 | 72,120,000 | 1,300,166 | 417,798 | 882,368 | 17.9 | 5.8 | 12.2 | 1.80 |
2009 | 72,924,000 | 1,348,546 | 393,514 | 955,032 | 18.3 | 5.3 | 13.0 | 1.78 |
2010 | 73,762,000 | 1,363,542 | 441,042 | 922,500 | 18.3 | 5.9 | 12.4 | 1.77 |
2011 | 74,634,000 | 1,382,229 | 422,133 | 960,096 | 18.3 | 5.6 | 12.7 | 1.74 |
2012 | 75,539,000 | 1,421,689 | 367,512 | 1,054,177 | 18.7 | 4.8 | 13.9 | 1.73 |
2013 | 76,481,000 | 1,471,834 | 372,279 | 1,099,555 | 19.1 | 4.8 | 14.3 | 1.70 |
2014 | 77,465,000 | 1,534,362 | 446,333 | 1,088,029 | 19.8 | 5.8 | 14.0 | 1.68 |
2015 | 78,492,000 | 1,570,219 | 374,827 | 1,195,392 | 20.0 | 4.8 | 15.2 | 2.16 |
2016 | 79,926,000 | 1,528,053 | 388,792 | 1,139,261 | 19.2 | 4.9 | 14.3 | 2.11 |
2017 | 80,960,000 | 1,487,923 | 369,751 | 1,118,172 | 19.0 | 4.6 | 14.4 | 2.07 |
2018 | 81,865,000 | 1,366,519 | 376,731 | 989,788 | 16.9 | 4.6 | 12.3 | 1.97 |
2019 | 82,585,000 | 1,196,132 | 395,319 | 800,813 | 14.4 | 4.8 | 9.6 | 1.77 |
2020 | 83,220,000 | 1,114,128 | 511,881 | 602,247 | 13.4 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 1.71 |
2021 | 83,935,000 | 1,116,212 | 544,517 | 571,695 | 13.2 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 1.74 |
2022 | 1,075,381 | 1.66 | ||||||
2023 | 1,057,948 |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Current vital statistics
Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
March 21 2021 – December 21 2021 | 844,723 | 428,549 | +416,174 |
March 21 2022 – December 21 2022 | 810,877 | 313,545 | +497,332 |
Difference | -33,846 (-4.0%) | -115,004 (-26.8%) | +81,158 |
Age group | Number(2006) | Percentage(2006) | Number(2011) | Percentage(2011) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 70,495,782 | 100 | 75,149,669 | 100 |
0–4 | 5,463,978 | 7.75 | 6,232,552 | 8.29 |
5–9 | 5,509,057 | 7.81 | 5,657,791 | 7.53 |
10–14 | 6,708,591 | 9.52 | 5,671,435 | 7.55 |
15–19 | 8,726,761 | 12.38 | 6,607,043 | 8.79 |
20–24 | 9,011,422 | 12.78 | 8,414,497 | 11.20 |
25–29 | 7,224,952 | 10.25 | 8,672,654 | 11.54 |
30–34 | 5,553,531 | 7.88 | 6,971,924 | 9.28 |
35–39 | 4,921,124 | 6.98 | 5,571,018 | 7.41 |
40–44 | 4,089,158 | 5.80 | 4,906,749 | 6.53 |
45–49 | 3,522,761 | 5.00 | 4,030,481 | 5.36 |
50–54 | 2,755,420 | 3.91 | 3,527,408 | 4.69 |
55–59 | 1,887,981 | 2.68 | 2,680,119 | 3.57 |
60–64 | 1,464,452 | 2.08 | 1,862,907 | 2.48 |
65–69 | 1,197,550 | 1.70 | 1,343,731 | 1.79 |
70–74 | 1,119,318 | 1.59 | 1,119,968 | 1.49 |
75–79 | 694,122 | 0.98 | 913,531 | 1.22 |
80+ | 645,601 | 0.92 | 919,539 | 1.22 |
Unclear | – | – | 46,322 | 0.06 |
Number of children 0–14 | Number of people 15–49 | Proportion | Number of women 15–49 | Proportion |
---|---|---|---|---|
17,681,629 (2006) | 43,049,709 (2006) | 0.4107 (2006) | ~21,524,855 (2006) | 0.8215 (2006) |
17,561,778 (2011) | 45,174,366 (2011) | 0.3888 (2011) | ~22,587,183 (2011) | 0.7775 (2011) |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data refer to the Iranian Year which begins on 21 March and ends on 20 March of the following year.):[20]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 42,484,186 | 41,553,414 | 84,037,600 | 100 |
0–4 | 3,751,160 | 3,584,640 | 7,335,800 | 8.73 |
5–9 | 3,644,823 | 3,453,109 | 7,097,932 | 8.45 |
10–14 | 3,195,837 | 3,043,160 | 6,238,997 | 7.42 |
15–19 | 2,850,201 | 2,723,069 | 5,573,270 | 6.63 |
20–24 | 2,817,236 | 2,715,743 | 5,532,979 | 6.58 |
25–29 | 3,398,106 | 3,322,934 | 6,721,040 | 8.00 |
30–34 | 4,246,233 | 4,166,179 | 8,412,412 | 10.01 |
35–39 | 4,226,366 | 4,147,771 | 8,374,137 | 9.96 |
40–44 | 3,375,662 | 3,271,031 | 6,646,693 | 7.91 |
45–49 | 2,687,892 | 2,591,386 | 5,279,278 | 6.28 |
50–54 | 2,321,552 | 2,270,429 | 4,591,981 | 5.46 |
55–59 | 1,841,337 | 1,847,872 | 3,689,209 | 4.39 |
60–64 | 1,510,299 | 1,557,919 | 3,068,218 | 3.65 |
65–69 | 1,058,091 | 1,138,129 | 2,196,220 | 2.61 |
70–74 | 640 098 | 748 890 | 1,388,988 | 1.65 |
75–79 | 415 623 | 459 393 | 875 016 | 1.04 |
80+ | 503 670 | 511 760 | 1,015,430 | 1.21 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 10,591,820 | 10,080,909 | 20,672,729 | 24.60 |
15–64 | 29,274,884 | 28,614,333 | 57,889,217 | 68.88 |
65+ | 2,617,482 | 2,858,172 | 5,475,654 | 6.52 |
Year | 0–14 | 15–64 | 65+ |
---|---|---|---|
1976 | 44.5 | 52 | 3.5 |
1985 | 45.5 | 51.5 | 3 |
1996 | 39.5 | 56.1 | 4.3 |
2006 | 25.1 (17,681,629) | 69.7 (49,157,562) | 5.2 (3,656,591) |
2011 | 23.4 (17,561,778) | 70.9 (53,297,122) | 5.7 (4,290,769) |
2016 | 24.0 (19,192,665) | 69.9 (55,862,087) | 6.1 (4,871,518) |
Table 9 – Population and Average Annual Growth by Provinces: 2006 and 2011
Province | 2006 | 2011 | Average annual growth |
---|---|---|---|
Alborz | 2,076,991 | 2,412,513 | 3.04 |
Ardabil | 1,228,155 | 1,248,488 | 0.33 |
Bushehr | 886,267 | 1,032,949 | 3.11 |
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari | 857,910 | 895,263 | 0.86 |
East Azerbaijan | 3,603,456 | 3,724,620 | 0.66 |
Fars | 4,336,878 | 4,596,658 | 1.17 |
Gilan | 2,404,861 | 2,480,874 | 0.62 |
Golestan | 1,617,087 | 1,777,014 | 1.90 |
Hamadan | 1,703,267 | 1,758,268 | 0.64 |
Hormozgan | 1,403,674 | 1,578,183 | 2.37 |
Ilam | 545,787 | 557,599 | 0.43 |
Isfahan | 4,559,256 | 4,879,312 | 1.37 |
Kerman | 2,652,413 | 2,938,988 | 2.07 |
Kermanshah | 1,879,385 | 1,945,227 | 0.69 |
Khuzestan | 4,274,979 | 4,531,720 | 1.17 |
Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad | 634,299 | 658,629 | 0.76 |
Kurdistan | 1,440,156 | 1,493,645 | 0.73 |
Lorestan | 1,716,527 | 1,754,243 | 0.44 |
Markazi | 1,351,257 | 1,413,959 | 0.91 |
Mazandaran | 2,922,432 | 3,073,943 | 1.02 |
North Khorasan | 811,572 | 867,727 | 1.35 |
Qazvin | 1,143,200 | 1,201,565 | 1.00 |
Qom | 1,046,737 | 1,151,672 | 1.93 |
Razavi Khorasan | 5,593,079 | 5,994,402 | 1.40 |
Semnan | 589,742 | 631,218 | 1.37 |
Sistan and Baluchestan | 2,405,742 | 2,534,327 | 1.05 |
South Khorasan | 636,420 | 662,534 | 0.81 |
Tehran | 11,345,375 | 12,183,391 | 1.44 |
West Azerbaijan | 2,873,459 | 3,080,576 | 1.40 |
Yazd | 990,818 | 1,074,428 | 1.63 |
Zanjan | 964,601 | 1,015,734 | 1.04 |
Total | 70,495,782 | 75,149,669 | 1.29 |
1 The population of the provinces of Alborz and Tehran for 2006 and their average annual growth have been calculated based on the data of 2011.
Unofficial Translation 17
Table 10 – Population Percentages by Province: 2006 and 2011 (Percentage)
Province | 2006 | 2011 |
---|---|---|
Alborz | 2.95 | 3.21 |
Ardabil | 1.74 | 1.66 |
Bushehr | 1.26 | 1.37 |
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari | 1.22 | 1.19 |
East Azerbaijan | 5.11 | 4.96 |
Fars | 6.15 | 6.12 |
Gilan | 3.41 | 3.30 |
Golestan | 2.29 | 2.36 |
Hamadan | 2.42 | 2.34 |
Hormozgan | 1.99 | 2.10 |
Ilam | 0.77 | 0.74 |
Isfahan | 6.47 | 6.49 |
Kerman | 3.76 | 3.91 |
Kermanshah | 2.67 | 2.59 |
Khuzestan | 6.06 | 6.03 |
Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad | 0.90 | 0.88 |
Kurdistan | 2.04 | 1.99 |
Lorestan | 2.43 | 2.33 |
Markazi | 1.92 | 1.88 |
Mazandaran | 4.15 | 4.09 |
North Khorasan | 1.15 | 1.15 |
Qazvin | 1.62 | 1.60 |
Qom | 1.48 | 1.53 |
Razavi Khorasan | 7.93 | 7.98 |
Semnan | 0.84 | 0.84 |
Sistan and Baluchestan | 3.41 | 3.37 |
South Khorasan | 0.90 | 0.88 |
Tehran | 16.09 | 16.21 |
West Azerbaijan | 4.08 | 4.10 |
Yazd | 1.41 | 1.43 |
Zanjan | 1.37 | 1.35 |
Total | 100 | 100 |
1 The population of the provinces of Alborz and Tehran for 2006 and their average annual growth have been calculated based on the data of 2011.
Languages and ethnic groups
The largest linguistic group comprises speakers of Iranian languages, like modern
Jews have had a continuous presence in Iran since the time of Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. In 1948, there were approximately 140,000–150,000 Jews living in Iran. According to the Tehran Jewish Committee, the Jewish population of Iran was (more recently) estimated at 25,000 to 35,000, of which approximately 15,000 are in Tehran with the rest residing in Hamadan, Shiraz, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Yazd, Kerman, Rafsanjan, Borujerd, Sanandaj, Tabriz and Urmia. However, the official 2011 state census recorded only 8,756 Jews in Iran.[23]
The
According to anthropologist Brian Spooner, around half of Iran's population uses a language other than Persian at home and in informal public situations.[25]
Other sources, such as the
Urban population
In addition to its international migration pattern, Iran also exhibits one of the steepest urban growth rates in the world according to the UN humanitarian information unit. According to 2015 population estimates, approximately 73.4 per cent of Iran's population lives in urban areas, up from 27 per cent in 1950.[28]
The following is a list of the eight most populous cities in the country:
Rank | City | Province | population | |
---|---|---|---|---|
City[29] | Metro[30] | |||
1 | Tehran | Tehran
|
8,693,706 | 14,700,000 |
2 | Mashhad | Razavi Khorasan
|
3,001,184 | 3,100,000 |
3 | Isfahan
|
Isfahan
|
1,961,260 | 3,100,000 |
4 | Karaj | Alborz
|
1,592,492 | 2,500,000 |
5 | Shiraz
|
Fars
|
1,565,572 | 1,700,000 |
6 | Tabriz | East Azarbaijan
|
1,588,693 | 1,760,000 |
7 | Qom | Qom | 1,201,158 | 1,240,000 |
8 | Ahvaz | Khuzestan
|
1,184,788 | 1,320,000 |
Religious affiliations
Religion | census 1956 | census 1966 | census 1976 | census 2006 | census 2011 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Muslims | 18,654,127 | 98.4 | 24,771,922 | 98.8 | 33,396,908 | 99.1 | 70,097,741 | 99.4 | 74,682,938 | 99.4 |
Christians | 114,528 | 0.6 | 149,427 | 0.6 | 168,593 | 0.5 | 109,415 | 0.2 | 117,704 | 0.2 |
Zoroastrians |
15,723 | 0.1 | 19,816 | 0.1 | 21,400 | 0.1 | 19,823 | 0.0 | 25,271 | 0.0 |
Jews | 65,232 | 0.3 | 60,683 | 0.2 | 62,258 | 0.2 | 9,252 | 0.0 | 8,756 | 0.0 |
Other | 59,256 | 0.3 | 77,075 | 0.3 | 54,234 | 0.1 | 49,101 | 0.1 | ||
Unknown | 45,838 | 0.2 | 59,583 | 0.2 | 205,317 | 0.3 | 265,899 | 0.4 |
About 99% of the Iranians are Muslims; 90% belong to the
Iranian citizens abroad
The term "Iranian citizens abroad" or " Iranian/Persian diaspora" refers to the Iranian people and their children born in Iran but living outside of Iran. Migrant Iranian workers abroad remitted less than two billion dollars home in 2006.[42]
As of 2010, there are about four to five million
Note that this differs from the other Iranian peoples living in other areas of Greater Iran, who are of related ethnolinguistical family, speaking languages belonging to the Iranian languages which is a branch of Indo-European languages.
Refugee population
Iran hosts one of the largest
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the
Age structure[50]
- 0–14 years: 24.11% (male 10,472,844/female 10,000,028)
- 15–24 years: 13.36% (male 5,806,034/female 5,537,561)
- 25–54 years: 48.94% (male 21,235,038/female 20,327,384)
- 55–64 years: 7.72% (male 3,220,074/female 3,337,420)
- 65 years and over: 5.87% (male 2,316,677/female 2,670,254) (2020 est.)
Median age
- total: 31.7 years
- male: 31.5 years
- female: 32 years (2020 est.)
Population growth rate
- 1.03% (2021 est.)
Birth rate
- 15.78 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Death rate
- 5.14 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Urbanization
- urban population: 76.3% of total population (2021)
- rate of urbanisation: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
- 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
- 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
- 25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
- 55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
- total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 75.06 years
- male: 73.71 years
- female: 76.48 years (2021 est.)
Total fertility rate
- 1.93 children born/woman (2021 est.)
Literacy
- definition: age 15 and over can read and write
- total population: 85.5%
- male: 90.4%
- female: 80.8% (2016)
Genetics
Haplogroups
Y-chromosome DNA
Y-Chromosome DNA
Haplogroup[52] | n | B | C | E1b1a | E1b1b1a2 | E1b1b1a3 | E1b1b1c | F | G | H | I | J1 | J2 | K | L | N | O | P,R | Q | R1a | R1b | R1b1a | R1b1b | R2 | T |
Marker | M2 | V13 | V22 | M34 | M343 | V88 | M269 | M70 | |||||||||||||||||
Iran | 566 | 0.53 | 0.18 | 1.41 | 1.77 | 1.8 | 0.88 | 0.35 | 14.00 | 2.65 | 0.8 | 8.13 | 23.86 | 0.71 | 4.00 | 2.12 | 1.41 | 0.71 | 4.01 | 17.49 | 1.24 | 0.35 | 6.18 | 1.41 | 2.12 |
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) represents the female lineage. West Eurasian mtDNA makes up over 90% of the Iranian population on average. (2013).[53]
Among them, U3b3 lineages appear to be restricted to populations of Iran and the Caucasus, while the sub-cluster U3b1a is common in the whole Near East region.[53]
In Iran outliers in the Y-chromosomes and Mitochondrial DNA gene pool are consisted of the north Iranian ethnicities, such as the
Levels of genetic variation in Iranian populations are comparable to the other groups from the Caucasus, Anatolia and Europe.[53]
Autosomal DNA
A large-scale genetic analyses on various
People of Iranian ancestry
Tats (Caucasus)
The "Tats" are an Iranian people, presently living within Azerbaijan and Russia (mainly Southern Dagestan). The Tats are part of the indigenous peoples of Iranian origin in the Caucasus.[55][56][57]
Tats use the
Parsis
The Parsis are the close-knit
Iranis
In Pakistan and India, the term "Irani" has come to denote
Ajam (Bahrain)
The "Ajam" are an ethnic community of Bahrain, of Iranian origin. They have traditionally been merchants living in specific quarters of
In addition to this, many names of ancient villages in Bahrain are of Persian origin. It is believed that these names were given during the
Huwala
Huwala are the descendants of
Recent immigration
Most of the large
Over the same period, there has also been substantial emigration from Iran, especially since the
See also
- Culture of Iran
- Economy of Iran
- Education in Iran
- Ethnic groups in West Asia
- Health care in Iran
- Human rights in Iran
- Human capital flight from Iran
- Immigration to Iran
- Iranian names
- Social class in Iran
- Women in Iran
- List of Iranians
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Seven groups (Iranian Arabs, Azeris, Gilaks, Kurds, Mazanderanis, Lurs and Persians) strongly overlapped in their overall autosomal diversity in an MDS analysis (Fig 1B), suggesting the existence of a Central Iranian Cluster (CIC), notably also including Iranian Arabs and Azeris. On a global scale (Fig 2 including "Old World" populations only; see S2 Fig for all 1000G populations), CIC Iranians closely clustered with Europeans, while Iranian Turkmen showed similar yet distinct degrees of admixture compared to other South Asians. A local comparison corroborated the distinct genetic diversity of CIC Iranians relative to other geographically close populations [2, 6, 44] (Fig 3 and S3 Fig). Still, genetic substructure was much smaller among Iranian groups than in relation to any of the 1000G populations, supporting the view that the CIC groups form a distinct genetic entity, despite internal heterogeneity. European (FST~0.0105–0.0294), South Asians (FST~0.0141–0.0338), but also some Latin American populations (Puerto Ricans: FST~0.0153–0.0228; Colombians: FST~0.0170–0.0261) were closest to Iranians, whereas Sub-Saharan Africans and admixed Afro-Americans (FST~0.0764–0.1424) as well as East Asians (FST ~ 0.0645–0.1055) showed large degrees of differentiation with Iranians.
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External links
- Statistical Center of Iran
- BBC – Iran in Maps – Map of Iranian ethnic groups & population density
- Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home – Migration Information Institute (2006)
- Human Development Report – 2009 (UNDPIran's entry)