Derby
Derby | |
---|---|
Latin: Industria, Virtus et Fortitudo, lit. 'Energy, Power and Strength' | |
Coordinates: 52°55′29″N 1°28′41″W / 52.9247°N 1.4780°W[1] | |
OS grid reference | SK 3518 3649[1] |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Country | England |
Region | East Midlands |
Ceremonial county | Derbyshire |
Settled | 600 |
City status | 1977 |
Unitary authority | 1997 |
Administrative HQ | Council House, Derby |
Areas of the city (2011 census BUASD) | List
|
Government | |
• Type | Unitary authority with leader and cabinet |
• Body | Derby City Council |
• Control | Conservative (council NOC) |
• Leader | Baggy Shanker (L) |
• Mayor | Alan Graves |
• Chief Executive | Paul Simpson |
• House of Commons | 3 MPs |
Area | |
• Total | 30.13 sq mi (78.03 km2) |
• Rank | 221st |
Population (2021)[4] | |
• Total | 261,136 |
• Rank | 69th |
• Density | 8,670/sq mi (3,347/km2) |
Demonym | Derbeian |
Ethnicity (2021) | |
• Ethnic groups | |
Religion (2021) | |
• Religion | List
|
UTC+1 (BST) | |
Postcode area | DE1, 3, 21–24, 73 |
Dialling code | 01332 |
ISO 3166 code | GB-DER |
GSS code | E06000015 |
ITL code | TLF11 |
GVA | 2021 estimate[6] |
• Total | £7.5 billion |
• Per capita | £28,627 |
GDP (nominal) | 2021 estimate[6] |
• Total | £8.4 billion |
• Per capita | £32,025 |
Website | derby |
Derby (/ˈdɑːrbi/ ⓘ DAR-bee) is a city and unitary authority area on the River Derwent in Derbyshire, England. Derbyshire is named after Derby, which was its original county town. As a unitary authority, Derby is administratively independent from Derbyshire County Council. The population of Derby is 261,136 (2021).[4]
The Romans established the town of Derventio, which was later captured by the Anglo-Saxons and then by the Vikings who made Djúra-bý one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw. Initially a market town, Derby grew rapidly in the industrial era and was home to Lombe's Mill, an early British factory, Derby contains the southern part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. With the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, Derby became a centre of the British rail industry. Despite having a cathedral since 1927, Derby did not gain city status until 1977.
Derby is a centre for advanced transport manufacturing. It is home to engine manufacturer
History
Origins
The Roman camp of
The
The town name appears as Darbye on early maps, such as that of John Speed, 1610.[10]
Modern research (2004) into the history and archaeology of Derby has provided evidence that the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons would have co-existed, occupying two areas of land surrounded by water. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (c. 900) says that "Derby is divided by water". These areas of land were known as Norþworþig ("Northworthy"="north enclosure") and Deoraby, and were at the "Irongate" (north) side of Derby.[11]
16th–18th centuries
During the Civil War of 1642–1646, Derby was garrisoned by Parliamentary troops commanded by Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, who was appointed Governor of Derby in 1643. These troops took part in the defence of nearby Nottingham, the siege of Lichfield, the battle of Hopton Heath and many other engagements in Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire, as well as successfully defending Derbyshire against Royalist armies.
The first civic system of piped water in England was established in Derby in 1692, using wooden pipes,[12] which was common for several centuries.[13] The Derby Waterworks included waterwheel-powered pumps for raising water out of the River Derwent and storage tanks for distribution.[14] This was designed and built by local engineer George Sorocold.[15]
During the Jacobite rising of 1745, Jacobite Army troops led by Prince Charles Edward Stuart arrived in Derby on 4 December 1745, whilst on their way to London to attempt to overthrow the reigning House of Hanover. Stuart called at The George Inn on Irongate (where the Duke of Devonshire had set up his headquarters in late November after raising The Derbyshire Blues) and demanded billets for the 9,000 troops under his command. The prince stayed at Exeter House on Full Street, where he held a council of war on 5 December which decided to retreat. Stuart had received misleading information about a government army coming to meet him south of Derby. He abandoned his invasion at Swarkestone Bridge on the River Trent, a few miles south of Derby. The prince, who on the march from Scotland had walked at the front of the column, made the return journey on horseback at the rear of the bedraggled and tired army.[citation needed]
Shrovetide football was played at Derby every year, possibly from as early as the 12th century. The town was split into the St Peter's and All Saints parishes, who fought to bring the ball from the Market Place to a goal within their own parishes.[16] There were several attempts to ban the game, described in 1846 as "the barbarous and disgusting play of Foot-Ball, which for a great number of years has annually disgraced our town". In that year the military were brought in and after the police cut the first ball to pieces, another ball was produced and the town's Mayor was "stuck on the shoulder by a brick-bat, hurled by some ferocious ruffian, and severely bruised".[17] The Derby Football was banned in 1846, although it was played once more in 1870.[18]
Industrial Revolution
Derby and Derbyshire were among the centres of Britain's
In 1759,
Messrs Wright, the bankers of Nottingham, recommended that
This was followed in Derbyshire by Jedediah Strutt's cotton spinning mills at Belper. They were: South Mill, the first, 1775; North Mill, 1784, which was destroyed by fire on 12 January 1803 and then rebuilt, starting work again at the end of 1804; West Mill, 1792, commenced working 1796; Reeling Mill, 1897; Round Mill, which took 10 years to build, from 1803 to 1813, and commenced working in 1816; and Milford Mills, 1778. The Belper and Milford mills were not built in partnership with Arkwright; they were all owned and financed by Strutt.
Other notable 18th-century figures with connections to Derby include the painter
Derby's place in the country's philosophical and political life continued with Henry Hutchinson, an active member of the Fabian Society. On his death in 1894, he left the society an amount in his will which was instrumental in founding the London School of Economics.[24]
The beginning of 19th century saw Derby emerging as an engineering centre, with manufacturers such as James Fox, who exported machine tools to Russia.
In 1840, the
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Normanton Barracks in 1877.[25]
Derby was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and it became a county borough with the Local Government Act 1888. The borough expanded in 1877 to include Little Chester and Litchurch, and then in 1890 to include New Normanton and Rowditch. The borough did not increase substantially again until 1968, when under a recommendation of the Local Government Boundary Commission it was expanded into large parts of the rural district of Belper, Repton and South East Derbyshire. This vastly increased Derby's population from 132,408 in the 1961 census to 219,578 in the 1971 census.[26]
Despite being one of the areas of Britain
20th century to present day
An industrial boom began in Derby when
In 1911, the Derby Wireless Club was formed by a group of local engineers and experimenters. It was to be the first radio or "wireless club" in the country.[27][28] The early activities of the club, (even through World Wars), pushed the boundaries of 'wireless' technologies at the time in England, and promoted it into becoming a hobby for many local folk. {Over later years, as radio technology progressed, the club transitioned to become the Derby & District Amateur Radio Society (DADARS), continuing to host meetings and events for radio hobbyists with all the new technologies, into the early 2020s.}
In World War I, Derby was targeted by German Zeppelin air bombers, who killed five people in a 1916 raid on the town.[29]
All Saints Church was designated as a cathedral in 1927, signalling that the town was ready for city status.[30]
Production and repair work continued at the railway works. In December 1947 the
In 1964 the British Rail Research Division opened to study all aspects of railway engineering from first principles. Its first success was in drastically improving the reliability and speed of goods trains, work which led to the development of the Advanced Passenger Train.
Derby was awarded city status on 7 June 1977 by Queen Elizabeth II to mark the 25th anniversary of her ascension to the throne.[32] The Queen presented the "charter scroll" or "letters patent" in person on 28 July 1977 on the steps of the Council House to the then Mayor Councillor Jeffrey Tillet (Conservative).[33] Until then, Derby had been one of the few towns in England with a cathedral but not city status.
Derby holds an important position in the history of the
Despite its strategic industries (rail and
Derby has also become a significant
Government
Local government
By traditional definitions, Derby is the
Between 1889 and 1974 Derby was a county borough, independent from the county council.[39] It then became a lower-tier district council with the county council providing county-level services between 1974 and 1997. On 1 April 1997, Derby City Council became a unitary authority, regaining its independence from the county council.[40] On 7 July 2014, Derby's first ever Youth Mayor, Belal Butt (a student from Chellaston Academy), was elected by the Mayor of Derby.[41]
UK parliament
Derby was a single United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency represented by two members of parliament until 1950, when it was divided into the single-member constituencies of Derby North and Derby South. However, in 2010, the wards of Allestree, Oakwood and Spondon were moved to the new constituency of Mid Derbyshire, created for the 2010 general election.[citation needed] As of 2020, Derby is represented by three MPs.
Derby North | Derby South | Mid Derbyshire |
---|---|---|
Amanda Solloway | Margaret Beckett | Pauline Latham |
Conservative | Labour | Conservative |
City emblem
Derby's emblem is the Derby Ram, about which there is a
Geography
Derby is in a relatively low-lying area along the lower valley of the
The city is around 16 mi (26 km) from Coton in the Elms, the farthest place from coastal waters in the United Kingdom.
Derby urban area
The Derby Built-up Area (BUA) or Derby Urban Area is an area including Derby and adjoining built-up districts of Derbyshire, including
Because methods of measuring linked areas were redefined for the 2011 census,
Urban subdivision | Population | District | |
---|---|---|---|
2001 census | 2011 census | ||
Derby | 229,407 | 255,394 | City of Derby |
Borrowash | 5,621 | 7,335 | Erewash |
Duffield | 5,046 | Amber Valley | |
Little Eaton | 1,920 | Erewash | |
Ockbrook | 1,710 | Erewash | |
Breadsall | 773 | Erewash | |
Total | 236,738 | 270,468 |
Notes:
- Ockbrook included in Borrowash figure in 2011.
- Derby unitary authority 2001/2011 population figures were 221,716 and 244,625,[49] the table ONS subdivision figures also containing small adjoining estates outside the city boundary at Boulton Moor/Thulston Fields, Stenton Fields, and Burnaston.
- Quarndon, although very close to the BUA is considered to be a separate area.
Green belt
Derby has a green belt area defined to the north and east of the city, first drawn up in the 1950s, to prevent convergence with the surrounding towns and villages. It extends for several miles into the counties of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, covering much of the area up to Nottingham.
Climate
Derby's climate is classified as warm and temperate. There is precipitation even during the driest month. This location is classified as Cfb according to the Köppen climate classification. Under the Köppen climatic classification Derby has an oceanic climate along with the rest of the British Isles. The average annual temperature is 9.7 °C. Precipitation averages 694 mm.[50]
The highest temperature ever recorded in Derby was 34.1 °C (93.4 °F), recorded at Markeaton Park on 3 August 1990,[51]
Climate data for Derby, extremes 1959–2006[a] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) |
17.4 (63.3) |
22.8 (73.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
27.2 (81.0) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32.7 (90.9) |
34.1 (93.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
34.1 (93.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
6.7 (44.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
18.0 (64.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
7.1 (44.8) |
13.5 (56.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) |
3.8 (38.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
16.8 (62.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
10.4 (50.7) |
6.3 (43.3) |
4.3 (39.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) |
0.9 (33.6) |
2.6 (36.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
7.6 (45.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
12.4 (54.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
3.4 (38.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
6.0 (42.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −16.1 (3.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
0.5 (32.9) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 62 (2.4) |
49 (1.9) |
53 (2.1) |
51 (2.0) |
55 (2.2) |
58 (2.3) |
55 (2.2) |
64 (2.5) |
59 (2.3) |
58 (2.3) |
63 (2.5) |
67 (2.6) |
694 (27.3) |
Source: [52][53][54] |
Nearby settlements
Demography
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1801 | 14,695 | — |
2011 | 248,700 | +12.2% |
[55] |
Ethnicity
Ethnic Group | Year | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1971 estimations[56] | 1981 estimations[57] | 1991[58] | 2001[59] | 2011[60] | 2021[61] | |||||||
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
White: Total | 203,415 | 95.2% | 193,963 | 91.5% | 197,658 | 90.3% | 193,881 | 87.4% | 199,751 | 80.3% | 192,871 | 73.8% |
White: British | – | – | – | – | – | – | 187,104 | 84.4% | 187,386 | 75.3% | 173,077 | 66.2% |
White: Irish | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3,060 | 2,319 | 1,982 | 0.8% | ||
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller
|
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 295 | 408 | 0.2% | |
White: Roma | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1,163 | 0.4% |
White: Other | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3,717 | 9,751 | 16,241 | 6.2% | ||
Asian or Asian British : Total
|
– | – | – | – | 15,285 | 7% | 19,390 | 8.7% | 31,095 | 12.5% | 40,901 | 15.5% |
Asian or Asian British: Indian | – | – | – | – | 8,388 | 8,505 | 10,907 | 12,631 | 4.8% | |||
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani | – | – | – | – | 5,537 | 8,790 | 14,620 | 21,034 | 8.0% | |||
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi | – | – | – | – | 1,45 | 210 | 658 | 827 | 0.3% | |||
Asian or Asian British: Chinese | – | – | – | – | 557 | 857 | 1,292 | 1,416 | 0.5% | |||
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian | – | – | – | – | 658 | 1,028 | 3,618 | 4,993 | 1.9% | |||
Black or Black British: Total | – | – | – | – | 4,653 | 2.1% | 3,895 | 1.8% | 7,320 | 2.9% | 10,482 | 4% |
Black or Black British: African | – | – | – | – | 235 | 438 | 3,156 | 6,110 | 2.3% | |||
Black or Black British: Caribbean | – | – | – | – | 3,176 | 3,108 | 3,405 | 3,056 | 1.2% | |||
Black or Black British: Other Black | – | – | – | – | 1,242 | 349 | 759 | 1,316 | 0.5% | |||
Mixed or British Mixed: Total | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3,968 | 1.8% | 7,232 | 2.9% | 9,562 | 3.7% |
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2,293 | 3,916 | 4,178 | 1.6% | ||
Mixed: White and Black African | – | – | – | – | – | – | 200 | 533 | 924 | 0.4% | ||
Mixed: White and Asian | – | – | – | – | – | – | 980 | 1,772 | 2,412 | 0.9% | ||
Mixed: Other Mixed | – | – | – | – | – | – | 495 | 1,011 | 2,048 | 0.8% | ||
Other: Total | – | – | – | – | 1,206 | 0.5% | 574 | 0.3% | 3,354 | 1.3% | 7,548 | 2.9% |
Other: Arab | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 861 | 0.3% | 1,032 | 0.4% |
Other: Any other ethnic group | – | – | – | – | 1206 | 0.5% | 574 | 0.3% | 2,493 | 1% | 6,516 | 2.5% |
Ethnic minority: Total | 10,296 | 4.8% | 17,947 | 8.5% | 21,144 | 9.7% | 27,827 | 12.6% | 49,001 | 19.7% | 68,493 | 26.2% |
Total | 213,711 | 100% | 211,910 | 100% | 218,802 | 100% | 221,708 | 100% | 248,752 | 100% | 261,364 | 100% |
Religion
Religion | 2001[62] | 2011[63] | 2021[64] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Holds religious beliefs | 169,073 | 76.2 | 163,141 | 65.6 | 149,208 | 57.1 |
Christian | 149,471 | 67.4 | 131,129 | 52.7 | 104,949 | 40.2 |
Buddhist | 448 | 0.2 | 822 | 0.3 | 828 | 0.3 |
Hindu | 1,354 | 0.6 | 2,198 | 0.9 | 3,065 | 1.2 |
Jewish | 141 | 0.1 | 110 | <0.1 | 150 | 0.1 |
Muslim
|
9,958 | 4.5 | 19,006 | 7.6 | 29,137 | 11.1 |
Sikh | 7,151 | 3.2 | 8,891 | 3.6 | 9,762 | 3.7 |
Other religion | 550 | 0.2 | 985 | 0.4 | 1,297 | 0.5 |
No religion | 35,207 | 15.9 | 68,668 | 27.6 | 95,639 | 36.6 |
Religion not stated | 17,428 | 7.9 | 16,943 | 6.8 | 16,517 | 6.3 |
Total population | 221,708 | 100% | 248,752 | 100% | 261,364 | 100% |
Industry
Derby's two biggest employers,
Derby power station on Silkmill Lane supplied electricity to the town and the surrounding area from 1893 until its closure in 1969.[67]
From 1922 Sinfin Lane was the home of the 62-acre (250,000 m2) site of
Derby was the home of Core Design (originally based on Ashbourne Road), who developed the successful video game Tomb Raider. When Derby's inner ring road was completed in 2010, a section of it was named 'Lara Croft Way' after the game's heroine Lara Croft.
One of Derby's longest-established businesses is Royal Crown Derby, which has been producing porcelain since the 1750s.
The Midlands Co-operative Society, a predecessor of Central England Co-operative, traced its origins to Derby Co-operative Provident Society which, in 1854, was one of the first co-operatives in the region.
Infinity Park Derby is a planned business park for aerospace, rail and automotive technology adjacent to the Rolls-Royce site in Sinfin. In December 2014, the government announced that the park would gain
Railway engineering
As a consequence of the Midland Railway having their headquarters in Derby, along with their Locomotive and Carriage & Wagon Works, the railways had been a major influence on the development of the town during the Victorian period.[citation needed]
During the 20th century, railway manufacturing developed elsewhere, while in Derby the emphasis shifted to other industries. Even though it had pioneered the introduction of diesel locomotives, new production finished in 1966.[citation needed] Repair work gradually diminished until the locomotive works closed, the land being redeveloped as Pride Park. The only buildings remaining are those visible from Platform 6 of the station.
The Carriage and Wagon Works has been owned by
Derby railway station retains an important position in the railway network. East Midlands Railway operate Derby Etches Park depot while Network Rail and Rail Operations Group also maintain trains in Derby. On 21 March 2023, it was announced that the city was to be the headquarters of Great British Railways.[71]
Derby is also the headquarters of the Derby Railway Engineering Society,[72] founded in 1908 to promote railway engineering expertise both in the city and nationally.
Landmarks
Derby Cathedral tower is 212 ft (65 m) tall to the tip of the pinnacles. This has been home to a pair of breeding peregrine falcons since 2006,[73] monitored by four webcams.[74]
Derby Gaol is a visitor attraction based in the dungeons of the Derbyshire County Gaol, which dates back to 1756.
The skyline of the inner city changed in 1968 when the inner ring road with its two new crossings of the River Derwent was built. The route of the ring road went through the St Alkmund's Church and its Georgian churchyard, the only Georgian square in Derby. Both were demolished to make way for the road, a move still criticised today. Thus the editor (Elizabeth Williamson) of the 2nd edition of Pevsner for Derbyshire wrote: "...the character and cohesion of the centre has been completely altered by the replacement of a large number of C18 houses in the centre by a multi-lane road. As a traffic scheme this road is said to be a triumph; as townscape it is a disaster."
Places of interest
- Cathedral Quarter
- Corn Exchange
- Darley Abbey
- Derbion shopping centre
- Derby Arboretum
- Derby Arena
- Derby Canal
- Derby Catacombs
- Derby Cathedral
- Derby Friargate Station (of which all that remains is Handyside's bridgeand the bridge across Friargate)
- Derby Museum and Art Gallery
- Museum of Making (housed in Derby Silk Mill)
- St Mary's Church, Derby
- Pickford's House Museum
- Pride Park Stadium (Derby County F.C.) and its predecessor the Baseball Ground (now demolished)
- River Derwent
- Royal Crown Derby Museum and Factory Tour
- Saint Benedict Catholic School and Performing Arts Collegesecondary school
- St Helen's House, Derby
Transport
Railways
The city is one of the country's main railway centres.
There are also local stations at Peartree (on the Newark to Crewe route) and Spondon (on the Nottingham to Matlock route), although their stopping services are very limited.
Buses and coaches
The city is on several National Express routes; destinations include Birmingham, Gatwick Airport, Leicester, Leeds and London.[78]
Roads
The
On 16 March 2011, Mercian Way, the final section of the city's inner ring road, was opened to traffic.[79] This new section connects Burton Road with Uttoxeter New Road; it crosses Abbey Street, which is the only road between the two ends from which Mercian Way can be accessed.
Air
East Midlands Airport is located about 15 miles (24 km) from Derby city centre. There was controversy concerning the airport's decision to prefix its name with Nottingham in 2004; this was due to its proximity to Derby, the fact that the airport is in Leicestershire and the traditional rivalry between its three nearby cities (Derby, Leicester and Nottingham).[80] In 2006, Nottingham East Midlands Airport reverted to its previous name.[81]
The airport is served by
Derby Airfield, approximately 7 miles (11 km) south-west of the city centre, has grass runways targeted at general aviation.
Community and culture
On 8 October 2021 it was announced that Derby had been included in the longlist of bids to host
Music
The
Founding member and songwriter of Mercury Prize nominated alternative rock band Maxïmo Park and solo artist Duncan Lloyd is from Derby. His band hit the number 2 spot in the U.K. album charts in 2020, with the album Nature Always Wins.[84]
Pop singer Kelli Young (born 7 April 1982) is from Derby. She is best known as a member of the pop group Liberty X.
In rock music, the blues singer-songwriter Kevin Coyne came from Derby, as does the three-piece rock band LostAlone, and indie/glam rock band The Struts. The ska punk band Lightyear also hail from the city, naming their second album Chris Gentlemens Hairdresser and Railway Book Shop after a shop in Macklin Street.[citation needed]
The band
Derby band
Sinfonia Viva is a chamber orchestra based in Derby, presenting concerts and educational events in the city, across the East Midlands, and occasionally further afield.[85]
A full-scale programme of orchestral and other concerts was presented by Derby LIVE at the Assembly Rooms, though this is currently closed following fire damage in March 2014. The amateur classical music scene includes two choral societies,
The folk-music scene includes the annual Derby Folk Festival.[87][88] Derby Jazz promotes a year-round series of performances and workshops.[89] Kaleidoscope Community Music includes Kaleidoscope Community Choir and Calidoscopio Carnival Drummers.[90]
Other music venues in the city include The Venue on Abbey Street, The Hairy Dog on Becket Street, Ryan's Bar in the St Peter's Quarter, The Flowerpot on King Street, and The Victoria Inn.
Theatre and arts
Derby has had a number of theatres, including the Grand Theatre which was opened from 1886[91] until 1950. This replaced the earlier Theatre Royal.[citation needed]
After a lengthy period of financial uncertainty,
The Robert Ludlam Theatre, on the campus of
Déda, established in 1991, is the only dedicated dance house in the East Midlands region, acting as a local, regional and national resource for dance and aerial artists and contemporary circus. Déda houses a 124-capacity studio theatre, three dance studios, meeting room facilities and the CUBE café bar. It offers a weekly class programme and a year-round professional performance programme for children, young people and adults, and a community development programme. Déda now hosts a BA degree in Dance in partnership with the University of Derby.[93]
Derby Book Festival, first held in 2015, takes place in late spring/early summer, with events throughout the city.[94] An additional "Autumn edition" was first held in October 2019.
Derby Festé[95] is a weekend street arts festival held at the end of September every year. The first Six Streets Arts trail was in June 2012,[96] took place again in 2013 and will now be a biennial event. It includes strong input from the local History Network[97] which was awarded a Heritage Lottery grant to pursue its work on marking the 100th anniversary of World War 1.
The actor and
Recreation
On 10 November 2021, Derby City Council approved plans for the UK's first large-scale urban rewilding project, in Allestree Park.[101]
Sport
Derby gained a high profile in sport following the appointment of
There are three senior non-league football clubs based in the city.
Derby has clubs in both codes of
The city is represented in the
Team Derby, based at Derby Arena, won the inaugural National Badminton League title in 2014–15. The Arena, opened in 2015, also contains a velodrome that has hosted the Revolution cycling series.
Local industrialist Francis Ley introduced baseball to the town in the late 19th century, and built a stadium near the town centre. The attempt to establish baseball in Derby was unsuccessful, but the stadium survived for some 100 years afterwards as the home of Derby County Football Club. It was demolished in 2003, six years after County's move to Pride Park.
Professional golfer
Shopping and nightlife
Shopping in central Derby is divided into three main areas. These are the
The St Peters Quarter is Derby's second Business Improvement District, brought into effect in the summer of 2011. Its boundary with the Cathedral Quarter follows Victoria Street, beneath which flows the underground course of the Markeaton Brook. The quarter boasts a diverse range of retail shops, many of them, in Green Lane, Babington Lane, Osmaston Road and elsewhere, independent traders. St Peters Street, London Road and East Street also include a large choice of national retailers and pubs, restaurants, banks and offices. The quarter includes the historic St Peters Church and, on St Peter's Churchyard, the medieval Derby School building. Nearby also is the Old Courthouse (former County Court).[107]
Derbion is the city's main indoor shopping centre. It opened in 2007 as Westfield Derby after extension work costing £340 million, subsequently being sold to Intu in March 2014.[108] It contains a food court and a 12-screen cinema (Showcase – Cinema De Lux) which was opened in May 2008. The development was controversial and local opponents accuse it of drawing trade away from the older parts of the city centre where independent shops are located. Some of these experienced a downturn in trade and some have ceased trading since the development opened leading to the "Lanes" project which eventually became the second BID and the formation of St Peters Quarter. In the centre itself, a combination of high rents and rising rates have made things difficult for smaller traders.[109]
The Friar Gate area contains clubs and bars, making it the centre of Derby's nightlife. Derby is also well provided with pubs and is renowned for its large number of real ale outlets. The oldest pub is the Grade II listed Ye Olde Dolphin Inne, dating from the late 16th century.[110]
Out-of-town shopping areas include the Kingsway Retail Park, off the A38; the Wyvern Retail Park, near Pride Park; and the Meteor Centre, on Mansfield Road.
Education
Like most of the UK, Derby operates a non-selective primary and secondary education system with no
Inside the state sector, there are 15 secondary schools. These are:
Outside the state sector, there are three fee-paying independent schools.
Derby has special needs establishments including Ivy House School at the Derby Moor Community Sports College (which takes pupils from nursery to sixth form) and the Light House which is a respite facility for children and parents. Allestree Woodlands School have a Hearing Impaired department, and Saint Benedict have an Enhanced Resource Base for pupils to access specialised support within mainstream schooling. There also a number of alternative provision schools, including Derby Pride Academy.
The University of Derby has its main campus on Kedleston Road. There is another campus in north Derbyshire at Buxton.
In 2003 the
Media
The Derby Telegraph (formerly the Derby Evening Telegraph) is the city's daily newspaper. Crime writer Richard Cox set his first book around his own experience as a Derby Telegraph reporter in the 1970s.[112] The Derby Trader was a free weekly newspaper that is no longer in print. BBC Radio Derby, the BBC's local station for Derbyshire and East Staffordshire, is based on St Helen's Street in the city and offers local, national and international news, features, music and sports commentaries. It is available on 104.5 FM and 1116 AM, on 95.3 FM in north and mid-Derbyshire and on 96.0 FM in the Buxton area, as well as being streamed on the internet. The BBC in Derby have their own local website for the area providing news, travel and weather information, as well as other features.
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC East Midlands and ITV Central. The city's television signals are received from the Waltham TV transmitter.
Capital Midlands (previously Capital East Midlands and Ram FM) is the biggest commercial radio station in the city, broadcasting to Derby on 102.8 FM from the transmitter at Drum Hill, just outside the city. It broadcasts a Contemporary Hit Radio (CHR) format, with Top 40 chart hits aimed at the city's under-35s.
Notable people
Arts, literature and music
- Samuel Richardson (1689–1761), writer[113] and printer[114]
- William John Coffee (1774–1846), artist and sculptor,[115] worked in porcelain, plaster, and terracotta
- Joseph Wright of Derby (1734–1797), landscape[116] and portrait painter
- John Raphael Smith (1751–1812), painter[117] and mezzotint engraver, son of Thomas Smith
- Nantgarw Pottery
- John Emes (1762–1810), engraver[119] and water-colour painter
- Elizabeth Bridget Pigot (1783–1866), correspondent,[120] friend and biographic source for Lord Byron
- Henry Lark Pratt (1805–1873), painter[121] who trained in the porcelain industry
- John Haslem (1808–1884), china[122] and enamel painter
- Henry Britton (1843–1938), journalist[123] in colonial Australia
- Francis William Davenport (1847–1925), composer and music professor, born in Wilderslowe
- Charles Rann Kennedy (1871–1950), Anglo-American[124] dramatist
- Ernest Townsend (1880–1944), portrait[125] artist
- Marion Adnams (1898–1995), painter, printmaker, and draughtswoman.[126]
- Ralph Downes (1904–1993), organist,[127] designer of the organ in the Royal Festival Hall, London
- Norah, Lady Docker (1906–1983), socialite,[128]was said to be "gracelessly gaudy"
- Ronald Binge (1910–1979), composer[129] and arranger of light music
- Eric Malpass (1910–1996), novelist,[130] wrote humorous and witty descriptions of rural family life
- Denny Dennis (1913–1993), romantic vocalist[131] when British dance bands were at the peak of their popularity
- John Dexter (1925–1990), theatre,[132] opera and film director
- John Dobson (1930–2023), operatic tenor, performing many roles with The Royal Opera, Covent Garden[133]
- Savoy Operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company[134]
- Richard Turner (born 1940), also known as Turneramon, an artist and poet[citation needed]
- Anton Rippon (born 1944), journalist, author and publisher[citation needed]
- Kevin Coyne (1944–2004), musician,[135] film-maker and writer
- Stephen Marley (born 1946), author and video game designer of the Chia Black Dragon series[136]
- Peter Hammill (born 1948), singer-songwriter and founder of rock band Van der Graaf Generator[citation needed]
- Polyphonyin 1986
- Jyoti Mishra (born 1966), sole member of White Town, the name of which was meant as a reference to Derby's perceived lack of diversity[138]
- Liam Sharp (born 1968), comic book artist, writer, publisher, and co-founder/CCO of Madefire Inc.[citation needed]
- Graham Coxon (born 1969), musician and co-founder of Blur, lived for a short time as a child in nearby Spondon[citation needed]
- Scott Harrison (born 1973), novelist, scriptwriter, playwright and film historian
- Corey Mwamba (born 1976), jazz musician and BBC Radio 3 presenter[139][140]
- Steven Grahl (born 1979), organist and conductor, Director of Music at Trinity College, Cambridge[141]
- Duncan Lloyd (born c. 1980), guitarist and singer[citation needed]
- Jessica Garlick (born 1981), singer,[142] was born in Derby
- Lucy Ward (born 1989), folk musician[143] and songwriter
- Youngman (born c. 1990), MC[144]and vocalist
- Dubzy (born 1991), grime music MC and entrepreneur,[145] raised in Derby
- Drumsound & Bassline Smith (formed 1998), electronic group[146]
- Kelli Young (born 1982), singer of Liberty X fame
Films, theatre, TV and radio
- Rowena Cade (1893–1983), born in Spondon, created the Minack Theatre, Cornwall[147]
- Ted Moult (1926–1986), farmer, radio and TV personality[citation needed]
- Patricia Greene (born 1931), radio actress, long-standing role as matriarch Jill Archer in The Archers[citation needed]
- Alan Bates (1934–2003), actor; in 1969 he co-starred in the Ken Russell film Women in Love
- Michael Knowles (born 1937), actor, played Capt. Jonathan Ashwood in the 1970s sitcom It Ain't Half Hot Mum[citation needed]
- Gwen Taylor (born 1939), actress, played Amy Pearce in the sitcom Duty Free[citation needed]
- Judith Hann (born 1942), presented BBC's Tomorrow's World between 1974 and 1994[citation needed]
- Kevin Lloyd (1949–1998), actor, played DC Alfred "Tosh" Lines in The Bill[citation needed]
- John Tams (born 1949), actor, singer, songwriter, composer and musician[citation needed]
- Fox News Channel
- Richard Felix (born 1949), paranormal investigator from Stanley, appeared on Sky Living Most Hauntedseries
- Terry Lloyd (1952–2003), TV journalist[149] unlawfully killed in Iraq by US Marines
- Maxwell Caulfield (born 1959), English-American film, stage, and television actor, based in the USA
- Keiran Lee (born 1984), pornographic film actor, director and producer for Brazzers
- Selina Mosinski (born 1981), actress who starred in Charity Shop Sue[150][151]
- Michael Socha (born 1987), actor,[152] roles in the films This Is England and Summer
- Jack O'Connell (born 1990), Bafta-winning actor, starred in Unbroken, SAS Rogue Heroes and Lady Chatterley's Lover
- E4's television series Misfits
- Ali Neeson in ITV's soap opera Coronation Street
- Munya Chawawa (born 1993), British-Zimbabwean comedian born in Derby[153]
- Aemond Targaryen in the HBO fantasy series House of the Dragon
Academics, science, business and engineering
- John Flamsteed (1646–1719), astronomer,[154] the first Astronomer Royal; he catalogued over 3000 stars
- George Sorocold (c. 1668 – c. 1738), engineer and architect; designed Lombe's Mill
- John Lombe (1693–1722), silk spinner in 18th-century Derby; created Lombe's Mill
- Lunar Society
- William Hutton (1723–1815), historian,[156] poet and bookseller
- Jedediah Strutt (1726–1797), hosier and cotton spinner,[157] developed the production of ribbed stockings
- Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), physician[158] and philosopher[159]
- Henry Cavendish (1731–1810), scientist,[160] experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist; discovered hydrogen
- Joseph Pickford (1734-1782), stonemason, Palladian and Georgian architect
- John Mawe (1764–1829), practical mineralogist,[161] with his wife Sarah Mawe
- James Fox (1780–1830), engineer,[162] machine tool maker
- Edward Blore (1787–1879), landscape[163] and architectural artist, architect and antiquary
- William George Spencer (1790–1866), schoolmaster,[164] tutor and mathematical writer; Derby Philosophical Society
- Andrew Handyside (1806–1887), iron founder,[165] created The Handyside Postbox
- Sir Charles Fox (1810–1874), civil engineer[166]and contractor, focusing on railways, railway stations and bridges
- Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), pioneer[167] of modern nursing
- Herbert Spencer (1820–1903), philosopher,[168] biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and classical liberal political theorist
- Parkin Jeffcock (1829–1866), mining engineer;[169] died trying to rescue miners
- Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney (1843–1920), astronomer,[170] chemist, photographer; described the Abney effect
- Sir Henry Royce (1863–1933), co-founder[171] of Rolls-Royce
- Gordon Pask (1928–1996), author, inventor,[172] educational theorist, cybernetician and psychologist
- Sir Nigel Rudd (born 1946), industrialist;[173] founded Williams Holdings
- John Loughhead (born 1948), businessman,[174] Chief Scientific Adviser to BEIS
- John Smith (born 1957), chief executive officer[175] of BBC Worldwide
- Melvyn Morris (born c. 1957), businessman;[176] former owner of Derby County F.C.,[177] made his money from Candy Crush Saga
- Karl Slym (1962–2014), businessman,[178] managing director of Tata Motors 2012–2014
- Christopher Jackson (born 1977), scientist, broadcaster and professor of geology at Imperial College London
Politics, religion and law
- Jasvinder Sanghera (1965), author, and campaigner
- Joan Waste (1534–1556), a blind woman[179] who was burned in Derby for refusing to renounce her Protestant faith
- John Cotton (1585–1652), English and American Puritan divine,[180] sometimes called "The Patriarch of New England"
- Samuel Bourn the Elder (1648–1719), dissenting minister;[181] his theology was Calvinistic
- Thomas Bott (1688–1754), cleric[182] of the Church of England, known as a controversialist
- Daniel Coke (1745–1825), barrister[183] and MP for Derby 1776–1780 and Nottingham 1780–1812
- Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens (1753–1839), diplomat,[184] eponym of Mount St. Helens
- Sir Charles John Crompton (1797–1865), justice[185] of the queen's bench
- William Mundy (1801–1877), son of Francis Mundy, MP[186] for South Derbyshire and High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1844
- Plimsoll line
- Sir Henry Wilmot (1831–1901), Victoria Cross recipient,[188] MP for South Derbyshire 1869–1885
- Robert Humpston (1832–1884), recipient[189] of the Victoria Cross for gallantry during the Crimean War
- Walter Weston (1860–1940), clergyman[190] and Anglican missionary, popularized mountaineering in Japan
- pacifist[191]and anti-war campaigner
- Jacob Rivers (1881–1915), recipient of the Victoria Cross for action in World War I
- Alfred Waterson (1880–1964), Labour and Co-operative MP[192] for Kettering 1918–1922
- Brigadier Charles Hudson (1892–1959), British Army Victoria Crossrecipient
- Gelongma, ordained in Tibetan Buddhism
- Geoffrey Lane, Baron Lane (1918–2005), judge[194] who served as Lord Chief Justice 1980–1992
- Press Association1980–1994
- Dame Margaret Beckett (born 1943), Labour politician, MP for Derby South since 1983
- Dafydd Wigley (born 1943), Plaid Cymru MP[196] for Caernarfon 1974–2001
- Bob Laxton (born 1944), Labour politician,[197] MP for Derby North 1997–2010
- Geoff Hoon (born 1953), Labour politician,[198] MP for Ashfield 1992–2010
- Helen Clark (born 1954), Labour politician,[199] MP for Peterborough 1997–2005
- Chris Williamson (born 1956), Labour politician, MP for Derby North 2010–2015 and 2017–2019
Sports
- Tom Johnson (c. 1750–1797), bare-knuckle fighter
- George Malcolm Fox (1843–1918), Inspector of Gymnasia for the British Army (1890–1897, 1900–1902)
- Derby County and Middlesbrough, 598 pro appearances
- Charlie Hudson (1874–1958), pigeon racer,[201] winner of the Rome–England champion race in 1913 with The King of Rome
- Oliver Burton (1879–1929), professional footballer who played for Tottenham Hotspur.[202]
- Reg Parnell (1911–1964), racing driver[203] and team manager
- Louis Martin (1936–2015), weightlifter, Olympic silver medallist, 1964
- Mark Hateley (born 1961), former footballer who played as a centre forward
- Mark Robinson (born 1963), PDC darts player
- Sir Team Ineos
- Max Sciandri (born 1967), professional cyclist[205] and Olympic medallist
- Rufus Brevett (born 1969), footballer[206] with nearly 600 professional appearances
- Steve Holland (born 1970), former professional footballer, coach for Crewe Alexandra and Chelsea
- Colin Osborne (born 1975), PDC darts player[207]
- Donna Kellogg (born 1978), badminton player,[208] competed in the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics
- Russell Sexton (born 1978), former English cricketer
- Chris Riggott (born 1980), footballer,[209] over 200 pro appearances
- Steve Elliott (footballer, born 1978), over 500 professional appearances
- Bobby Hassell (born 1980), footballer,[210] over 380 pro appearances
- stuntman,[211] gymnast and free runner
- Kevin Hollis (born 1983), cricketer[212]
- Chris Palmer (born 1983), footballer,[213] over 230 pro appearances
- Hemish Ilangaratne (born 1987), cricketer
- Melissa Reid (born 1987), golfer[214]
- Jonathan Joseph (born 1991), England international professional rugby union player
- Jamaal Lascelles (born 1993), footballer,[215] captain of Newcastle United
- Sandy Ryan (born 1993), professional boxer
- Ben Osborn (born 1994), footballer
- Sarah Vasey (born 1996), swimmer, 50 metre breaststroke gold medallist[216] at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
- Jay Clarke (born 1998), tennis player
- Markus Poom (born 1999), Estonian international footballer, born in Derby.[217]
International relations
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2015) |
Osnabrück partnership treaty
Derby is
The twinning agreement with Derby was in the historical Hall of Peace in Osnabrück's Rathaus (town hall). Every year, Derby and Osnabrück each appoint an envoy who spends twelve months in the twin city. The envoy promotes the exchange of ideas between the two cities and acts as an educational and information officer to increase awareness of the twinning scheme. The envoy gives talks to local societies and schools, finds
There is an annual exchange between the wind bands of
The exchange of envoys between two cities is very unusual. The envoy in Osnabrück changes every year and Osnabrück also sends envoys to Derby, Angers and Çanakkale. No other city in Germany participates in this exchange of envoys, and in Britain, only one other town, Wigan, receives and sends an envoy.
List of twin towns
- Osnabrück, Germany
- Kapurthala, India (friendship link)
- Haarlem, Netherlands (friendship link)
- Foncquevillers, France (friendship link)
- Toyota City, Japan
- People's Republic of China(Memorandum of Understanding)
- Keene, New Hampshire, (Keene State College student exchange programme)
- Hebron, Palestine (2014)[219]
Freedom of the City
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Derby.
Individuals
- Brian Howard Clough: 3 May 2003.[220][221]
- Adam George Peaty: 9 October 2016.[222]
- Reginald Frederick Harrison : 5 February 2019.[223]
- Sandy Ryan : 23 November 2023.[224][225]
- Stephen "Steve" Kirk: 15 April 2024.[226]
Military units
- The Royal Naval Submarine Service: 28 April 2002.
- The Mercian Regiment: 2007.[227][228]
Notes
- ^ Extreme temperature records were measured at Derby, Markeaton Park, Mackworth and Morley stations between 1959 and 2006.
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