Francesc Pi i Margall
Francesc Pi i Margall | |
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Nicolás Salmerón | |
Personal details | |
Born | Federal Democratic Republican | 29 April 1824
Spouse | Petra Arsuaga |
Children | 3, including Francisco and Joaquín |
Parents |
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Francesc Pi i Margall (Spanish: Francisco Pi y Margall) (29 April 1824 – 29 November 1901) was a Spanish federalist and republican politician and theorist who served as president of the short-lived First Spanish Republic in 1873. He was also a historian, philosopher, romanticist writer, and was also the leader of the Federal Democratic Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Pi was turned into a sort of secular saint in his time.[1][2]
A disciple of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon,[3] his theoretical contributions left a lasting effect on the development of the anarchist movement in Spain.[4]
Early life
Pi was the son of a working-class textile worker in
Political life under the monarchy
Pi was involved in the revolution of 1854 that brought the
After the sergeants' revolt at San Gil in 1866, Pi fled to Paris, where he gave lectures and translated several of Proudhon's works and became familiar with French positivism. He developed ideas about revolutions and the philosophy of history, including a belief in an inevitable, progressive, and permanent movement in history toward greater freedom, embodied in federal constitutions. Throughout his life he would promote republicanism and social objectives through the federal idea.
Pi returned from Paris after the success of the
Presidency and later political life
When the
After the end of the Republic in 1874, Pi left political life for a decade. During this time, he returned his attentions to his writings; only a few months after the end of the Republic, he wrote a treatise on its events, La República de 1873. He followed this with Las Nacionalidades and Joyas Literarias in 1876. The first volume of his Historia General de América was published in 1878, La Federación in 1880, and Las luchas de nuestros días and Observaciones sobre el carácter de don Juan Tenorio in 1884. In 1886, he returned to politics and was elected deputy for
Pi died on 29 November 1901 around 18:15 at his home in the calle del Conde de Aranda,[5] in Madrid.
Political thought, practice and later influence
Pi i Margall became the principal translator of Proudhon's works into Spanish
Pi considered federalism to be a "unity in variety, the law of nature, the law of the world", an organization based on the bottom-up contract by "natural and spontaneous collective beings" (La reacción y la revolución, 1854).[9]
Pi i Margall was a dedicated theorist in his own right, especially through book-length works such as La reacción y la revolución (English: "Reaction and revolution" from 1855), Las nacionalidades (English: "Nationalities" from 1877), and La Federación from 1880. For prominent
He was also a supporter of a decentralized version of
He showed a special and naive affection for the United States.[13]
Bibliography
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Works by Pi i Margall
- La España Pintoresca, 1841.
- Historia de la Pintura, 1851.
- Estudios de la Edad Media, 1851. Published first on 1873.
- El eco de la revolución, 1854.
- La reacción y la revolución, 1855.
- Declaración de los treinta, 1864.
- La República de 1873, 1874.
- Joyas literarias, 1876.
- Las nacionalidades, 1877.
- Historia General de América, 1878.
- La Federación, 1880.
- Constitución federal, 1883.
- Observaciones sobre el carácter de Don Juan Tenorio, 1884.
- Las luchas de nuestros días, 1884.
- Primeros diálogos, not dated.
- Amadeo de Saboya, not dated.
- Programa del Partido Federal, 1894.
Works on Pi i Margall
- Conangla, J. Cuba y Pi y Margall. La Habana, 1947.
- Ferrando Badía, Juan. Historia político-parlamentaria de la República de 1873. Madrid: Cuadernos para el Diálogo, 1973.
- Grande Esteban, M. Unitarismo y federalismo (prefacio). Madrid: ISBN 84-7393-137-8
- Hennessy, C. A. M. La República Federal en España. Pi y Margall y el movimiento republicano federal, 1868–1874. Madrid: Aguilar, 1966.
- Jutglar, Antoni. Federalismo y Revolución. Las ideas sociales de Pi y Margall. Barcelona, 1966.
- Jutglar, Antoni. La República de 1873, de Pi y Margall. Barcelona, 1970.
- Jutglar, Antoni. Pi y Margall y el Federalismo español. 2 vols. Madrid: Taurus, 1974.
- Martí, Casimir. L'orientació de Pi i Margall cap al socialisme i la democràcia. Artículo en Recerques nº38. Barcelona, 1974.
- Molas, I. Ideari de Francesc Pi i Margall. Barcelona, 1965.
- Pi y Arsuaga, F. Pi y Margall. Lecciones de federalismo. Barcelona, 1931.
- Rovira i Virgili, A. Pròleg i notes a La qüestió de Catalunya davant el Federalisme. Escrits i discursos. (con especial dedicación a F. Pi i Margall). Barcelona, 1913.
References
- Citations
- ^ González Casanova, José Antonio (29 November 2001). "Pi i Margall, federalista". El País.
- ISSN 1575-0361.
- Joseph Priestly, Thomas Paine, Jefferson, and other representatives of the Anglo-American liberalism of the first period. He wanted to limit the power of the state to a minimum and gradually replace it by a Socialist economic order." "Anarchosyndicalism" by Rudolf Rocker
- ^ "These translations were to have a profound and lasting effect on the development of Spanish anarchism after 1870, but before that time Proudhonian ideas, as interpreted by Pi, already provided much of the inspiration for the federalist movement which sprang up in the early 1860s." George Woodcock. Anarchism: a history of libertarian movements. p. 357
- ISSN 1133-245X.
- ^ George Woodcock. Anarchism: a history of libertarian movements. p. 357
- ^ George Woodcock. Anarchism: a history of libertarian movements. p. 357
- ^ "Anarchism" at the Encyclopædia Britannica online.
- ISSN 1130-2402.
- ^ "Anarchosyndicalism" by Rudolf Rocker
- ^ Rina Simón 2016, p. 43.
- ^ Rina Simón 2016, p. 213.
- ISSN 0212-2952.
- Bibliography
- Rina Simón, César (2016). Iberismos. Expectativas peninsulares en el siglo XIX. Madrid: Funcas. ISBN 978-84-15722-59-5.
- External links
- (in Spanish) Biography
- (in Spanish) Another biography
- Columbia encyclopedia entry