Jassa Singh Ramgarhia
Jassa Singh Ramgarhia | |
---|---|
Lahore[1] | |
Died | 1803 (aged 79–80) |
Known for |
|
Successor | Jodh Singh Ramgarhia who ceded his territories to Maharaja Ranjit Singh; Baghel Singh |
Parent |
|
Relatives | Hardas Singh (grandfather) |
Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (1723–1803) was a prominent
Early life
Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was born into a Sikh family
Jassa Singh rose to command the Sikh Misl that became later known as the Ramgarhia Misl and built a fort called Ram Rauni in honor of Guru Ram Das in Amritsar. He began his career as working for Adina Beg, who appointed him a risaldar (commander) and in 1752, rebuilt the damaged fort. The edifice was renamed Ramgarh, from which he took his new name.[3][9][a]
The Governor of Lahore ordered an attack on Ram Rauni to kill the Sikhs staying in that fort. Adina Beg was required to send his army as well and Jassa Singh, being the commander of the Jalandhar forces, had to join the army to kill the Sikhs in the fort.[12] After about four months of siege, Sikhs ran short of food and supplies in the fort. He contacted the Sikhs inside the fort and joined them. Jassa Singh used the offices of Divan Kaura Mal and had the siege lifted.[13] The fort was strengthened and named Ramgarh; Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, having been designated the Jathedar of the fort, became popular as Ramgarhia.
In 1758, Adina Beg became the Governor of Punjab. Sikhs rebuilt their fort Ramgarh and repaired the Harmandir Sahib. Beg was well acquainted with the strength of the Sikhs and he feared they would oust him if he allowed them to grow stronger, Adina Beg send a strong army under Mir Aziz Bakshi, the Sikhs took up refuge in the Ram Rauni fort, Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, Jai Singh Kanhaiya and other Sikh chief's were in the fort, Jassa Singh and Jai Singh Kanhaiya made several sallies and sorties and killed numbers of besiegers, but they had to evacuate the fort in the end,[16]
Military career
In 1758, After the death of Adina Beg he collaborated with Jai Singh Kanhaiya, he captured Sri Hargobindpur, and Miani and established his headquarters at Sri Hargobindpur
In 1763, he sacked Kasur along with Jai Singh Kanhaiya and Hari Singh Dhillon, the Ramgarhias and kanhaiyas share all their booty equally, on this occasion he tried to keep all the booty for himself, As a result, his relationship with Jai singh Kanhaiya deteriorated.[17]
In 1765,
In 1767, Ahmad Shah Durrani Invaded India for the eight time, while Ahamed Shah was crossing the river
In 1770, he led a plundering expedition into the hills, he defeated Raja Ghamand Chand, the most powerful hill Raja in battle of
A conflict between Jai Singh Kanhaiya and Jassa Singh Ramgarhia developed and the Bhangi Misl sardars also developed differences with Jai Singh Kanhaiya. A big battle was fought between Jai Singh, Charat Singh, and Jassa Singh Ahluwalia on one side and Bhangis, Ramgarhias and their associates on the other side. The Bhangi side lost the battle.
In 1775, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia one day was going to Achal near Batala, he was attacked by Jassa Singh Ramgarhia brothers Khushal singh, Tara singh, and Mali singh, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was taken prisoner, Jassa Singh Ramgarhia apologized for the misbehaviour of his brothers and honorably returned Ahluwalia with gifts but, the differences between two increased, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia took the oath, He will drive Ramgarhias out of country[20]
In 1778, Jai Singh Kanhaiya and Haqiqat Singh Kanhaiya supported by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia attacked Jassa Singh Ramgarhia headquarter Sri Hargobindpur and after tough resistance expled him to the desert of Hansi and Hisar, he set up his headquarters at Tosham[19]
In March 1783, he come to know that
In January 1784, Jassa Singh Ramgarhia and karam Singh Nirmala crossed the river
In beginning of January 1785, Jassa Singh Ramgarhia along with
Jassa Singh now turned his attention towards the Panjab, Sharp differences had arisen between Jai Singh Kanhaiya and Maha Singh over the booty of Jammu, Maha Singh invited Jassa Singh Ramgarhia and Sansar Chand katoch. Both were enemies of Jai Singh Kanhaiya, Jassa Singh hurried from Tosham at the head of his whole force, and stopped at Jagraon, where Maha Singh agent's met him to form the plan of action, A Kanhaiya force tried to check Ramgarhias but failed a hard battle was fought near Achal, Jai Singh heir apparent Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya was killed in the engagement, Jassa Singh Ramgarhia recovered all his lost territories he established his headquarter at Batala.[25]
Death and legacy
Jassa Singh Ramgarhia died in 1803 at the age of 80 In honor of his achievements and contribution to the Sikh faith, an equestrian statue[26] of Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgharia has been installed in Amritsar, Punjab.
See also
Notes
- ^ The suffix -garh is translated as fort.
References
- ^ "Sikh Courier International". Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain. 18 December 1999. Retrieved 18 December 2022 – via Google Books.
- ^ History of the Sikhs Vol. 4: The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Misis
Pg 276 hari ram gupta ISBN 978-8121501651
- ^ ISBN 0-8108-5088-5.
- ^ ISBN 81-7010-301-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-0199756551.
- ^ "ANNALS OF THE RAMGARHIA SARDARS". www.sikh-heritage.co.uk. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ Sikhs and Sikhism, WH Mcleod, pg102[full citation needed]
- ^ Warrior-diplomat: Jassa Singh Ramgarhia - Harbans Singh Virdi
- ISBN 978-0199756551.
- ISBN 0969409249.
- ISBN 9788170103011.
- ^ Surjit, Gandhi (1980). Struggle of the Sikhs for sovereignty. Gur Das Kapur. p. 316.
- ISBN 0-19-567747-1. Also, as according to the Purātan Janamsākhī (the birth stories of Nanak).
- ISBN 9788170103011.
- ISBN 0969409249.
- ISBN 9781932705546.
- ISBN 81-215-0165-2.
- ^ Gupta, Hari Ram. History Of The Sikhs Vol II Evolution of Sikh Confederacies. Munshilal Manohorlal, Pvt Ltd.
- ^ a b c Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Patiala, India:Publication Bureau, Punjabi University.
- ISBN 9780199756551.
- ISBN 978-81-7304-236-2.
- ^ http://sikhchic.com/article-detail.php?id=2532&cat=14
- ISBN 9789693507560.
- ISBN 978-0-19-567308-1. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ Singha, Bhagata (1993). A History of the Sikh Misals. Patiala, India: Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. p. 119.
- ^ "Equestrian statue of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia in Amritsar, Punjab India". 6 April 2016.
Further reading
- "The heritage of the Sikhs" by Harbans Singh
- Singh, Khushwant (1991). A History of the Sikhs, Volume 1: 1469-1839. Oxford University Press. pp. 134, 140, 160, 178–181.
- The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls. (Date:2001, revised edition. ISBN 81-215-0165-2)
External links
Media related to Jassa Singh Ramgarhia at Wikimedia Commons