Joseph A. Califano Jr.

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Joe Califano
Califano in 2008
12th United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
In office
January 25, 1977 – August 3, 1979
PresidentJimmy Carter
Preceded byF. David Mathews
Succeeded byPatricia Roberts Harris
White House Domestic Affairs Advisor
In office
July 26, 1965 – January 20, 1969
PresidentLyndon B. Johnson
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byPat Moynihan (Urban Affairs)
Personal details
Born
Joseph Anthony Califano Jr.

(1931-05-15) May 15, 1931 (age 92)
Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
Hilary Byers
​
(m. 1983)​
[1]
Children5
EducationCollege of the Holy Cross (BA)
Harvard University (LLB)
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Navy
Years of service1955–1958
RankLieutenant

Joseph Anthony Califano Jr. (born May 15, 1931) is an American attorney, professor, and public servant. He is known for the roles he played in shaping

evidence-based research organization, which is now the Partnership to End Addiction
, where Califano holds the title of Chair Emeritus.

He has been an adjunct professor of public health at

Columbia University Medical School and is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences
.

Early life and education

Califano was born in

Brooklyn, New York, on May 15, 1931, the son of Joseph Anthony Califano, and Katherine (Gill) Califano.[2][3][4] He attended St. Gregory's Elementary School and Brooklyn Preparatory School in Brooklyn, New York City.[5]

Califano received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the College of the Holy Cross, in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1952, and his LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1955.[1][2] In law school, he was a member of the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau and an editor of the Harvard Law Review.[1]

Military and Department of Defense

In 1955, Califano enlisted in the

Office of the Judge Advocate General in Washington, D.C., and was released to inactive duty in October 1958, as a lieutenant. He associated with the law firm of Dewey Ballantine
in New York City from October 1958, until April 1961.

In April 1961, Califano became Special Assistant to the General Counsel of the

Distinguished Civilian Service Medal
, the highest civilian award of the Army.

On April 1, 1964, Califano was appointed Special Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense. He had special responsibilities for Department of Defense liaison with the

Supersonic Transport, as the Department of Defense representative on the President's Committee on the Economic Impact of Defense and Disarmament, and as a member of the Federal Radiation Council. In recognition of his work as the Special Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense, Califano was awarded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal of the Department of Defense. Between March 21 and 25, 1965, Califano was assigned to monitor the progress of the historic March from Selma to Montgomery which helped ensure the passage of the landmark Voting Rights Act of 1965.[6]

Califano was appointed Special Assistant to President

health care, education, environmental and urban issues, and civil rights. He served in this position until January 20, 1969. While in this post, The New York Times called him "The Deputy President for Domestic Affairs."[7]

Non-military career

Califano was a member of the Washington law firm of Arnold & Porter from March 1969 until May 1971.[2] He was a member of the Washington law firm of Williams, Connolly & Califano from June 1971 until January 1977.[2]

Califano was sworn in as Secretary of HEW.

In January 1977, Califano became Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. He served in that Cabinet post until August 1979. He put the department through the most complete reorganization in its twenty-five year history; created the

Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to run Medicare and Medicaid; mounted major health promotion and disease prevention programs, including childhood immunization, the first national anti-smoking campaign, an alcoholism initiative, and issuance of Healthy People, the initial Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention which for the first time set health goals for the American people; began the collection of hundreds of millions of dollars of defaulted student loans, and instituted computerized techniques to police welfare, Medicare and Medicaid programs; worked with the Congress to maintain the financial integrity of the Social Security system, contain health care costs, and restructure Federal aid to elementary, secondary and higher education; and issued the first regulations to provide equal athletic opportunity to women under Title IX
and to provide equal opportunity to the handicapped.

As Secretary, Califano opposed the

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which was the first U.S. federal civil rights protection for people with disabilities.[9] After an ultimatum and deadline, demonstrations took place in ten U.S. cities on April 5, 1977, including the 504 Sit-in at the regional HEW offices. This sit-in, led by Judith Heumann and organized by Kitty Cone, lasted until April 30, 1977, 25 days, with more than 150 people refusing to leave. It is the longest non-violent sit-in at a federal building to date. Califano signed the revised regulations on April 28, 1977.[10][11][12][13][14][15]

As Secretary, Califano also funded the nation's first free standing hospice in Branford, Connecticut, and issued regulations to make Medicare reimbursement available for hospice care.

In 1979, as Secretary, Califano directed the Public Health Service to eliminate its official characterization of homosexuality as "a mental disease or defect" which immigration authorities had used to deny individuals entry to the United States solely because of their sexual orientation.

In 1979, Califano led a United States delegation to China on a trip which resulted in long-term institutionalization of health and education links between the two countries.[16]: 103  The CIA sought to send a covert agent on the trip but Califano refused, insisting that a CIA agent would have to be identified as such to the Chinese government.[16]: 108  This occurred, and China consented to the identified CIA agent as part of the delegation.[16]: 108 

Despite his accomplishments, Califano did not get along with President

Charlie Wilson said of Califano's firing- "Good grief! He's cut down the tall trees and left the monkeys."[19] Ralph Nader compared it to "firing Mickey Mantle because he couldn't get along with the bat boy."[16]
: 105 

Post-administration life

In January 1980, Califano formed the law firm of Califano, Ross & Heineman in Washington, D.C. From 1983 until 1992, he was senior partner and head of the Washington office of Dewey Ballantine LLP.

In 1987, New York governor Mario Cuomo appointed Califano Chair of the New York State Commission on Government Integrity; he was replaced a few months later by John Feerick, allegedly because Califano no longer resided in New York.[20]

In 1992, he founded

The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University
, which is now the Partnership to End Addiction.

Califano has written articles for

The Washington Monthly
, and other publications.

He was Founding Chairman of the Board of the Institute for Social and Economic Policy in the Middle East at the

John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
.

Califano has served as a director of

American Foundation for AIDS Research
.

Awards

In 2010, Califano received the Gustav O. Lienhard Award from the Institute of Medicine for his contributions to improving public health, his leadership in catalyzing federal action to curb smoking and his broader efforts to reduce the toll of addiction and substance abuse.[21]

In November 2011, the

Columbia Spectator editorial board published a piece titled "Cut ties to CASA", stating that "the methods that CASA uses to research substance abuse are shoddy and questionable, and reports of CASA's "findings" are often misleading and sensationalized" and that "Califano's outlandish claims reflect on the integrity of the organization, and unfortunately on Columbia's as well."[22] Contrary to the claims made in the Spectator article, the organization's research staff has published more than 190 articles or book chapters in professional and peer-reviewed publications, including 121 articles in peer-reviewed journals including the Journal of the American Medical Association,[23] the Journal of Adolescent Health,[24] the Annals of Internal Medicine[25] and the New England Journal of Medicine.[26]

Books

  • Our Damaged Democracy, Simon & Schuster/Atria Books, 2018
  • How to Raise a Drug Free Kid: The Straight Dope for Parents, Touchstone/Fireside Division, 2009
  • High Society: How Substance Abuse Ravages America and What To Do About It, PublicAffairs Press, 2007
  • Inside: A Public and Private Life, PublicAffairs Press, 2004
  • The Triumph and Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years, Simon & Schuster, 1991

Califano is the author of fourteen books. In early 1969, he traveled around the world on a study of the "student-youth-and-establishment" problem under a Ford Foundation grant. He wrote about those travels in his book, The Student Revolution: A Global Confrontation, published by W. W. Norton in 1969. Califano's second book, A Presidential Nation, was published by W. W. Norton in 1975. His third, The Media and the Law, was published by Praeger Special Studies in 1976 and was co-authored and co-edited with Howard Simons, Managing Editor of The Washington Post. His fourth, The Media and Business, was published by Random House in 1978 and was also in collaboration with Mr. Simons.

In May 1981, Simon and Schuster published Califano's fifth book, Governing America: An Insider's Report from the White House and the Cabinet, about his years as Secretary of HEW. In June 1982, Warner Books published his sixth, The 1982 Report on Drug Abuse and Alcoholism. Califano's seventh book, America's Health Care Revolution: Who Lives? Who Dies? Who Pays?, was published by Random House in 1986. His eighth book, The Triumph and Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years, was published by Simon and Schuster in 1991 and republished by Texas A & M University Press in 2000. His ninth book, Radical Surgery: What's Next for America's Health Care, was published by Random House in January 1995.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Hilary Paley Byers Becomes the Bride of Joseph Califano Jr. in Washington". The New York Times. March 6, 1983.
  2. ^
    ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  3. ^ "Memoir of a mover and shaker". The Washington Times. September 18, 2004. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  4. ^ "Sr. Joseph A Califano Sr. 94". Asbury Park Press. August 5, 1994 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ISSN 0190-8286
    . Retrieved August 10, 2020.
  6. ^ From Selma to Montgomery Archived April 23, 2015, at archive.today LBJ Presidential Library, Accessed April 23, 2015
  7. ^ "Joseph A. Califano Jr".
  8. ^
    OCLC 182779124
    .
  9. ^ "Short History of the 504 Sit in". dredf.org. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  10. ^ "Disability History Timeline". Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management. Temple University. 2002. Archived from the original on December 20, 2013.
  11. ^ "The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley". Archived from the original on December 25, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  12. ^ "Disability Social History Project, article title Famous (and not-so-famous) People with Disabilities". Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  13. ^ "EDGE - Curriculum - Biology". disabilityhistory.org. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  14. ^ "Political Organizer for Disability Rights, 1970s-1990s, and Strategist for Section 504 Demonstrations, 1977". cdlib.org.
  15. ^ "Kitty Cone, Facts On File, Inc., 2009. American History Online; Facts on File information obtained from Encyclopedia of American Disability History". Encyclopedia of American Disability History. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  16. ^
    ISBN 978-1-5381-8725-8
    .
  17. OCLC 213080311
    .
  18. ^ "The Tobacco Observer" (PDF). Legacy.library.ucsf.edu. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
  19. ^ Barone, Michael; and Ujifusa, Grant. The Almanac of American Politics 1988', p. 1144. National Journal, 1987.
  20. ^ Ethics panel is treading quietly, The New York Times, May 3, 1987
  21. ^ "Crusader Against Substance Abuse Receives Institute of Medicine's 2010 Lienhard Award" (Press release). Washington: National-Academies.org. October 11, 2010. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  22. ^ Editorial Board (November 28, 2011). "Cut ties to CASA". Columbia Daily Spectator.
  23. PMID 12597750
    .
  24. PMID 22525104
    .
  25. PMID 22184692
    .
  26. PMID 7565980
    .

External links
Government offices
Preceded by General Counsel of the Army
1963–1964 		Succeeded by
Political offices
New office White House Domestic Affairs Advisor
1965–1969 		Succeeded byas White House Urban Affairs Advisor
Preceded by United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
1977–1979 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Cabinet Member Order of precedence of the United States
as Former US Cabinet Member 		Succeeded byas Former US Cabinet Member
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