King County, Washington
King County | ||
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ASN |
King County is located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 census,[1] making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 12th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle,[2] also the state's most populous city.
Originally named after US representative, senator, and then vice president-elect William R. King in 1852, the county government amended its designation in 1986 to honor Martin Luther King Jr., a prominent activist and leader during the civil rights movement. The change was approved by the state government in 2005.
It is one of three Washington counties that are included in the
History
When Europeans arrived in the region that would become King County, it was inhabited by several
On December 22, 1852, the Oregon Territory legislature formed King County out of territory from within Thurston County. The county was named after Alabamian William R. King, who had just been elected Vice President of the United States under President Franklin Pierce. Seattle was made the county seat on January 11, 1853.[6][7] The area became part of the Washington Territory when it was created later that year.
King County originally extended to the
Name
On February 24, 1986, the King County Council approved a motion to rename the county to honor civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. (no relation to William R. King), preserving the name "King County" while changing its namesake.[14][15][16] The motion stated, among other reasons for the change, that "William Rufus DeVane King was a slaveowner" who "earned income and maintained his lifestyle by oppressing and exploiting other human beings," while Martin Luther King's "contributions are well-documented and celebrated by millions throughout this nation and the world, and embody the attributes for which the citizens of King County can be proud, and claim as their own."[17]
Because only the state can charter counties, the change was not made official until April 19, 2005, when Governor Christine Gregoire signed into law Senate Bill 5332, which provided that "King county is renamed in honor of the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr." effective July 24, 2005.[18][19][20]
The County Council voted on February 27, 2006, to adopt the proposal sponsored by Councilmember Larry Gossett to change the county's logo from an imperial crown to an image of Martin Luther King Jr.[21] On March 12, 2007, the new logo was unveiled.[22][23] The new logo design was developed by the Gable Design Group and the specific image was selected by a committee consisting of King County Executive Ron Sims, Council Chair Larry Gossett, Prosecutor Norm Maleng, Sheriff Sue Rahr, District Court Judge Corrina Harn, and Superior Court Judge Michael Trickey.[24] The same logo is used in the flag.
Martin Luther King Jr. had visited King County once, for three days in November 1961.[25][26]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,307 square miles (5,980 km2), of which 2,116 square miles (5,480 km2) is land and 191 square miles (490 km2) (8.3%) is water.[27] King County has nearly twice the land area of the state of Rhode Island. The highest point in the county is Mount Daniel at 7,959 feet (2,426 meters) above sea level.
King County borders
The county has 760 lakes and 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of streams and rivers.[28]
Geographic features
Terrain
- Cascade Range
- Issaquah Alps
- Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
- Mount Daniel, the highest point
- Mount Si
- Harbor Island
- Maury Island
- Mercer Island
- Sammamish Plateau
- Vashon Island
Water
National protected areas
- Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park (part, also in Skagway, Alaska)
- Snoqualmie National Forest(part)
Climate change
King County has been identified as vulnerable to higher risks of flooding caused by climate change due to the number of waterways in the area. The county's oceanic ecosystems are predicted to face harmful chemical changes, while the mountainous ecosystems could experience a decrease in ice and snow.[29] Since the mid-2000s, the county government has adopted policies to mitigate the effects of climate change and reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the region.[28]
Transportation
Major highways
Public transit
The King County Metro serves the county with local routes, paratransit, vanpools, and rideshare in select areas. It also operates an electric trolleybus network in Seattle as well as the city streetcar system.[30] Metro was the seventh-largest transit bus agency in the United States by ridership in 2019, with 121.3 million annual passenger trips and 400,000 per weekday.[31] Sound Transit manages Link light rail, Sounder commuter rail, and Sound Transit Express buses in King County that provide connections to adjacent counties.[32] The Community Transit of Snohomish County and the Pierce Transit of Pierce County also operate routes that serve portions of King County.[33] Most transit modes in the county use the ORCA card, a smart fare card system introduced in 2009.[34]
The county is home to three major
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 302 | — | |
1870 | 2,120 | 602.0% | |
1880 | 6,910 | 225.9% | |
1890 | 63,989 | 826.0% | |
1900 | 110,053 | 72.0% | |
1910 | 284,638 | 158.6% | |
1920 | 389,273 | 36.8% | |
1930 | 463,517 | 19.1% | |
1940 | 504,980 | 8.9% | |
1950 | 732,992 | 45.2% | |
1960 | 935,014 | 27.6% | |
1970 | 1,156,633 | 23.7% | |
1980 | 1,269,749 | 9.8% | |
1990 | 1,507,319 | 18.7% | |
2000 | 1,737,034 | 15.2% | |
2010 | 1,931,249 | 11.2% | |
2020 | 2,269,675 | 17.5% | |
2023 (est.) | 2,271,380 | [38] | 0.1% |
U.S. Decennial Census[39] 1790–1960[40] 1900–1990[41] 1990–2000[42] 2010–2020[1] |
The
As of the fourth quarter of 2021, the median home value in King County was $817,547, an increase of 19.6% from the prior year.[45]
In 2021 King County experienced its first population decline in 50 years.[46]
Racial and ethnic composition since 1960
Racial composition | 2020[47] | 2010[47] | 2000 | 1990 | 1980 | 1970 | 1960 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White (non-Hispanic) | 54.2% | 64.8% | 73.4% | 83.2% | 87.2% | – | – |
Asian (non-Hispanic)
|
19.8% | 14.5% | 10.8% | 7.8% | – | – | 2.0% |
Hispanic or Latino | 10.7% | 8.9% | 5.4% | 2.9% | 2.1% | 1.8% | – |
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)
|
6.5% | 6.0% | 5.4% | 5.0% | 4.4% | 3.5% | 2.9% |
Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.5% | – | – | – | – |
Native American (non-Hispanic) | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.1% | – | – | 0.3% |
Mixed (non-Hispanic) | 6.8% | 4.1% | 4.0% | – | – | – | – |
2020 census
As of the
2010 census
As of the
Of the 789,232 households, 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 41.5% were non-families, and 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 37.1 years.[50]
The median income for a household in the county was $68,065 and the median income for a family was $87,010. Males had a median income of $62,373 versus $45,761 for females. The per capita income for the county was $38,211. About 6.4% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the
Native American tribes
King County is home two federally-recognized tribes, the Muckleshoot tribe and the Snoqualmie Indian Tribe tribe, and other unrecognized groups.[54] The Muckleshoot Indian Reservation is located southeast of Auburn and is home to a resident population of 3,606 as of the 2000 census.
The Snoqualmie tribe's casino property was federally recognized as their reservation in 2006, however few tribe members live near the reservation.[55]
Religion
In 2010 statistics, the largest religious group in King County was the Archdiocese of Seattle, with 278,340 Catholics worshipping at 71 parishes, followed by 95,218 non-denominational adherents with 159 congregations, 56,985 LDS Mormons with 110 congregations, 25,937 AoG Pentecostals with 63 congregations, 25,789 ELCA Lutherans with 68 congregations, 24,909 PC-USA Presbyterians with 54 congregations, 18,185 Mahayana Buddhists with 39 congregations, 18,161 UMC Methodists with 50 congregations, 14,971 TEC Episcopalians with 35 congregations, and 12,531 ABCUSA Baptists with 42 congregations. Altogether, 37.6% of the population was claimed as members by religious congregations, although members of historically African-American denominations were underrepresented due to incomplete information.[56] In 2014, King County had 944 religious organizations, the 8th most out of all US counties.[57]
Government
The King County Executive heads the county's executive branch; the position has been held by Dow Constantine since 2009.[58] The King County Prosecuting Attorney (Leesa Manion since 2023), Elections Director, and the King County Assessor are elected executive positions.[59] The King County Sheriff is appointed by the county executive and approved by the county council. It was previously an elected position from 1996 until 2020 and has been held by Patti Cole-Tindall since 2022.[60][61] Judicial power is vested in the King County Superior Court and the King County District Court. Seattle houses the King County Courthouse.
The county government manages elections, records, licensing, parks, wastewater treatment, and public health, among other duties. It also handles the criminal legal and incarceration system for all cities and unincorporated areas within King County. It has a sheriff's department that also provides basic policing to unincorporated areas.[62] The Department of Local Services, established in 2019, serves as the local government for populated unincorporated areas.[63]
King County is part of four
The people of King County voted on September 5, 1911, to create a Port District. King County's
County council
The King County Council was established in 1969 and consists of nine members elected by districts to four-year terms.[68]
|
Politics
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2016) |
King County and Seattle are strongly liberal; the area is a bastion for the Democratic Party. No Republican presidential candidate has carried the county votes since Ronald Reagan's landslide reelection victory in 1984. In the 2008 election, Barack Obama defeated John McCain in the county by 42 percentage points, a larger margin for the Democrats than that seen in any previous election up to that point in time. Slightly more than 29% of Washington state's population reside in King County, making it a significant factor for the Democrats in a few recent close statewide elections. In the 2000 Senate elections, King County's margin of victory pushed Maria Cantwell's total over that of incumbent Republican Slade Gorton, defeating and unseating him in the United States Senate. In 2004, King County gave a lead to Democrat Christine Gregoire in her 2004 victory gubernatorial election, pushing her ahead of Republican Dino Rossi, who led by 261 votes after the initial count.[69] Rossi resided in the county at the time of the election, in Sammamish. In the 2020 presidential election, Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump by earning 75% of King County votes. Governor Jay Inslee also defeated Republican challenger Loren Culp with 74% of the King County vote in the concurrent gubernatorial election. These were the largest margins by any candidate in a presidential race and a gubernatorial race since the county's creation.[70]
In 2004, voters passed a referendum reducing the size of the County Council from 13 members to 9. This resulted in all council seats ending up on the 2005 ballot.
Some residents of eastern King County have long desired to secede and form their own county. This movement was most vocal in the mid-1990s (see
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 269,167 | 22.24% | 907,310 | 74.95% | 34,030 | 2.81% |
2016 | 216,339 | 21.04% | 718,322 | 69.85% | 93,789 | 9.12% |
2012 | 275,700 | 28.36% | 668,004 | 68.72% | 28,317 | 2.91% |
2008 | 259,716 | 28.03% | 648,230 | 69.97% | 18,511 | 2.00% |
2004 | 301,043 | 33.65% | 580,378 | 64.87% | 13,307 | 1.49% |
2000 | 273,171 | 34.40% | 476,700 | 60.02% | 44,325 | 5.58% |
1996 | 232,811 | 31.41% | 417,846 | 56.38% | 90,447 | 12.20% |
1992 | 212,986 | 27.36% | 391,050 | 50.23% | 174,557 | 22.42% |
1988 | 290,574 | 44.78% | 349,663 | 53.88% | 8,720 | 1.34% |
1984 | 332,987 | 52.09% | 298,620 | 46.71% | 7,654 | 1.20% |
1980 | 272,567 | 45.42% | 235,046 | 39.16% | 92,544 | 15.42% |
1976 | 279,382 | 50.79% | 248,743 | 45.22% | 21,994 | 4.00% |
1972 | 298,707 | 56.39% | 212,509 | 40.12% | 18,478 | 3.49% |
1968 | 218,457 | 46.00% | 223,469 | 47.05% | 33,009 | 6.95% |
1964 | 177,598 | 39.41% | 268,216 | 59.52% | 4,826 | 1.07% |
1960 | 224,150 | 50.85% | 208,756 | 47.36% | 7,904 | 1.79% |
1956 | 213,504 | 55.28% | 167,443 | 43.35% | 5,276 | 1.37% |
1952 | 200,507 | 53.93% | 165,583 | 44.54% | 5,681 | 1.53% |
1948 | 131,039 | 44.93% | 143,295 | 49.14% | 17,301 | 5.93% |
1944 | 118,719 | 41.42% | 165,308 | 57.68% | 2,577 | 0.90% |
1940 | 95,504 | 39.50% | 143,134 | 59.19% | 3,165 | 1.31% |
1936 | 66,544 | 31.68% | 138,597 | 65.98% | 4,904 | 2.33% |
1932 | 63,346 | 34.42% | 108,738 | 59.09% | 11,947 | 6.49% |
1928 | 96,263 | 65.63% | 46,604 | 31.77% | 3,811 | 2.60% |
1924 | 60,438 | 53.51% | 7,404 | 6.56% | 45,098 | 39.93% |
1920 | 58,584 | 54.69% | 17,369 | 16.21% | 31,171 | 29.10% |
1916 | 38,959 | 40.71% | 52,362 | 54.71% | 4,387 | 4.58% |
1912 | 15,579 | 21.85% | 20,088 | 28.17% | 35,642 | 49.98% |
1908 | 22,297 | 55.75% | 14,644 | 36.62% | 3,052 | 7.63% |
1904 | 20,434 | 70.39% | 5,266 | 18.14% | 3,329 | 11.47% |
1900 | 10,218 | 54.26% | 7,804 | 41.44% | 810 | 4.30% |
1896 | 6,413 | 44.83% | 7,733 | 54.06% | 159 | 1.11% |
1892 | 6,520 | 44.17% | 4,974 | 33.69% | 3,268 | 22.14% |
Education
K–12 schools
School districts in the county include:[76]
- Auburn School District
- Bellevue School District
- Enumclaw School District
- Federal Way Public Schools
- Fife Public Schools
- Highline School District
- Issaquah School District
- Kent School District
- Lake Washington School District
- Mercer Island School District
- Northshore School District
- Renton School District
- Riverview School District
- Seattle Public Schools
- Shoreline School District
- Skykomish School District
- Snoqualmie Valley School District
- Tahoma School District
- Tukwila School District
- Vashon Island School District
Public libraries
Most of King County is served by the King County Library System, with the exception of Seattle, Hunts Point, and Yarrow Point.[77][78] The city of Seattle is served by the Seattle Public Library system, which has 27 branches compared to King County's 49 locations.[79]
Communities
Cities
- Algona
- Auburn (partial)
- Bellevue
- Black Diamond
- Bothell (partial)
- Burien
- Carnation
- Clyde Hill
- Covington
- Des Moines
- Duvall
- Enumclaw
- Federal Way
- Issaquah
- Kenmore
- Kent
- Kirkland
- Lake Forest Park
- Maple Valley
- Medina
- Mercer Island
- Milton (partial)
- Newcastle
- Normandy Park
- North Bend
- Pacific (partial)
- Redmond
- Renton
- Sammamish
- SeaTac
- Seattle (county seat)
- Shoreline
- Snoqualmie
- Tukwila
- Woodinville
Towns
Census-designated places
- Ames Lake
- Baring
- Boulevard Park
- Bryn Mawr-Skyway
- Cottage Lake
- East Renton Highlands
- Fairwood
- Fall City
- Hobart
- Inglewood-Finn Hill (former)
- Klahanie (former)
- Lake Holm
- Lake Marcel-Stillwater
- Lake Morton-Berrydale
- Lakeland North
- Lakeland South
- Maple Heights-Lake Desire
- Mirrormont
- Ravensdale
- Riverbend
- Riverpoint
- Riverton (former)
- Shadow Lake
- Union Hill-Novelty Hill
- Vashon
- White Center
- Wilderness Rim
Other unincorporated communities
Former cities and towns
Ghost towns
See also
- List of memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.
- National Register of Historic Places listings in King County, Washington
- Tukwila Formation
References
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- ^ ENGROSSED SENATE BILL 5332, 59th Legislature of the State of Washington, 2005 Regular Session.
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- Vashon-Maury Island Beachcomber. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
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- ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
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- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
- ^ Radford, Dean (January 26, 2005). "Proposal would ease creation of new county". King County Journal. Archived from the original on April 4, 2005.
- ^ Radford, Dean (February 6, 2005). "Calls for new county intensify – Rural rage revives drive to escape Seattle influence". King County Journal. Archived from the original on November 18, 2005.
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- ^ Bartley, Nancy (August 19, 2013). "Down by the river, a fight over the fate of the Renton Library". The Seattle Times. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
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External links
- King County website
- King County Snapshots presents King County, Washington, through 12,000 historical images carefully chosen from twelve cultural heritage organizations' collections. These catalogued 19th and 20th century images portray people, places, and events in the county's urban, suburban, and rural communities.