Stan Brakhage
Stan Brakhage | |
---|---|
Born | Robert Sanders January 14, 1933[1] Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. |
Died | March 9, 2003 Victoria, British Columbia, Canada | (aged 70)
Occupation | Film director |
Years active | 1954–2003 |
Known for | Experimental film, art film, collage film |
Notable work | Dog Star Man, Mothlight, Window Water Baby Moving |
James Stanley Brakhage (
Over the course of five decades, Brakhage created a
Brakhage's films are often noted for their expressiveness[4][5] and lyricism.[4][6] While they were for many years obscure and hard to find, many are now readily available on DVD as well as other media.[7]
Biography
Born Robert Sanders in Kansas City, Missouri on January 14, 1933, Brakhage was adopted and renamed three weeks after his birth by Ludwig and Clara Brakhage.
As a child Brakhage was featured on radio as a boy
Brakhage briefly attended
Brakhage spent the next few years living in near poverty,
The 1960s and beginning of recognition
When Brakhage's early films had been exhibited in the 1950s, they had often been met with derision,[6] but in the early 1960s Brakhage began to receive recognition in exhibitions and film publications, including Film Culture, which gave awards to several of his films, including The Dead, in 1962. The award statement, written by Jonas Mekas, a critic who would later become an influential experimental filmmaker in his own right, cited Brakhage for bringing to cinema "an intelligence and subtlety that is usually the province of the older arts."[6] Writer/critic Guy Davenport, an ardent admirer of Brakhage, invited him to the University of Kentucky in March 1964 and tried to get him a residency there.[9]
From 1961 to 1964, Brakhage worked on a series of five films known as the
1970s and 1980s
Brakhage explored new approaches to filmmaking in the 1970s. In 1971, he completed a set of three films inspired by public institutions in the city of Pittsburgh. These three films—Eyes, about the city police, Deus Ex, filmed in a hospital, and The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes, depicting autopsy—are collectively known as "The Pittsburgh Trilogy".[10] In 1974, Brakhage made the feature-length The Text of Light, consisting entirely of images of light refracted in a glass ashtray. In 1979, he experimented with Polavision, a format marketed by Polaroid, making about five 2+1⁄2 minute films. The whereabouts of these films are now unknown. He continued his visual explorations of landscape and the nature of light and thought process, and through the late 1970s and early 1980s produced filmic equivalents of what he termed "moving visual thinking" in several series of photographic abstractions known as the Roman, Arabic, and Egyptian series.
Stan Brakhage taught at the
Brakhage was awarded the Edward MacDowell Medal in 1989.[11]
1990s – 2000s and death
Brakhage remained extremely productive through the last two decades of his life, sometimes working in collaboration with other filmmakers, including his University of Colorado colleague Phil Solomon. Several more sound films were completed, including Passage Through: A Ritual, edited to the music of Philip Corner, Christ Mass Sex Dance and Ellipses Reel 5, both with music by James Tenney. He also produced the major meditations on childhood, adolescence, aging and mortality collectively known as the "Vancouver Island Quartet," as well as numerous hand-painted works.
Brakhage was diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1996, and his bladder was removed. The surgery seemed successful, but the cancer eventually returned. In a video interview in 2002, he explained that his cancer was caused by the toxicity of the aniline dyes he had used to paint directly onto film.[12]
Brakhage retired from teaching and moved to Canada in 2002, settling with his second wife Marilyn and their two sons in Victoria, British Columbia. Brakhage died there on March 9, 2003, aged 70. The last footage Brakhage shot has been made available under the title Work in Progress. At the time of his death, Brakhage was also working on the Chinese Series, a work that was achieved by scratching directly on to film, a technique that was employed by the French artist Isidore Isou in 1950.
Though not a practicing
Influence
In 1961, Jonas Mekas wrote that Brakhage is "one of the four or five most authentic film artists working in cinema anywhere, and perhaps the most original filmmaker in America today".[14] Among Brakhage's students were Eric Darnell, the director of Antz, as well as the creators of South Park, Matt Stone and Trey Parker, and he is featured in their student film Cannibal! The Musical.[15]
Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ uses Brakhage's painted film style to depict the death of Jesus on the cross.[16] Scorsese has framed samples of Brakhage's films on his office wall.[17]
The work of contemporary film and video artist Raymond Salvatore Harmon (1974- ) has been compared to Brakhage's abstract films.[18]
The credits of the film Seven (1995), with their scratched emulsion, rapid cutaways and bursts of light are in Brakhage's style.[19]
The opening track of Stereolab's album Dots and Loops (1997), "Brakhage", is named after him.[20]
The concluding credits to The Jacket (2005) are an homage to Brakhage's 1963 film Mothlight.[22]
The opening titles to the BBC television series The Living and the Dead (2016) use an excerpt from Mothlight.[23]
The 2011 film
Filmography
Writings
Brakhage wrote a number of books about films, including Metaphors on Vision (1963), A Moving Picture Giving and Taking Book (1971), Film Biographies (1977, Turtle Island Books) and the posthumously published Telling Time: Essays of a Visionary Filmmaker (2003). Transcripts of his talks at the Chicago Art Institute were edited and published as Film at Wit's End: Eight Avant-Garde Filmmakers, (Kingston, New York, McPherson & Co., 1989).
Archives
Brakhage's archival material, including correspondence, manuscripts, and audio recordings, are held by the University of Colorado as part of the collection of the Brakhage Center.[26] Brakhage's films, including original elements and prints, are held by the Academy Film Archive in the Stan Brakhage Collection.[27] The Academy Film Archive has preserved and restored many Brakhage films and continues to do so; films preserved include Window Water Baby Moving, The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes, Anticipation of the Night and Interim.[28]
References
- ^ "Stan Brakhage: The Art of Seeing". Legacy. January 14, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ "Stan Brakhage interview 1969". YouTube. March 27, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
- ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan. "The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes". Chicago Reader. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Senses of Cinema: Stan Brakhage Archived December 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Before the Beginning Was the Word: Stan Brakhage's". criterion.com. Archived from the original on July 22, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-59213-271-3.
- ^ Lanthier, Joseph Jon (May 24, 2010). "Blu-ray Review: By Brakhage: An Anthology on the Criterion Collection". Slant Magazine. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
- ^ Kudlácek, Martina. "Notes On Marie Menken (2006)". vev.io. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
- ^ Questioning Minds: The Letters of Guy Davenport and Hugh Kenner, ed. Edward M. Burns (Counterpoint, 2018), pp. 595, 597-98.
- ^ "Stan Brakhage: The Pittsburgh Trilogy". timeout.com. April 5, 2012. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
- ^ "MacDowell Medal winners 1960-2011". The Telegraph. April 13, 2011.
- ^ Stan Brakhage interview with Colin Still, 2002, "By Brakhage: An Anthology: Volume 1" Archived August 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Criterion Collection, disc 2. Released 2004.
- ^ Solomon, Phil (March 20, 2003). "Account of Stan Brakhage's Funeral by Phil Solomon" Archived September 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. fredcamper.com. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
- ^ Koehler, Robert, (March 11, 2003). "Stan Brakhage" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Variety. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
- ^ Jesse Walker (February 2001). "Stan Brakhage's Dog Star Man Show" Archived September 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Reason.com. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
- ^ Hynes, Eric. "The Last Temptation of Christ". Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
- ^ Elliott, Marshall (December 24, 2014). "Stan Brakhage quotes from my old college notes" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Brakhage Said. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
- ^ Jazz, All About (May 23, 2007). "Chicago Underground Trio: Chronicle". All About Jazz. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
- ^ "Experimental Filmmaker Stan Brakhage Has Passed Away". www.aintitcool.com/. Archived from the original on December 9, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
- ^ Stark, Jeff (September 22, 1999). "Surrealist manifesto" Archived August 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Salon.com. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
- Pitchfork Media. Archivedfrom the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
- ^ Film Freak Central - The Jacket (2005)
- ^ Radford, Ivan (Jun 15, 2016) "The Living and the Dead: A horror show to savour" Archived August 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Vodzilla.co
- ^ The Tree of Life - Little White lies
- ^ 'Twin Peaks' Part 8 is David Lynch at His Most Abrasively Avant-Garde Best|Decider
- ^ "Collection and Resources". University of Colorado Boulder. August 11, 2015.
- ^ "Stan Brakhage Collection". Academy Film Archive. September 3, 2014.
- ^ "Preserved Projects". Academy Film Archive.
External links
- Filmography by Fred Camper.
- Stan Brakhage at IMDb
- Ocular Spectacular
- On Stan Brakhage
- A Conversation Between Jonas Mekas and Stan Brakhage
- Stan Brakhage bibliography (via UC Berkeley)
- Directory of links to pages about Brakhage
- Rental of Brakhage's films in 16mm and other formats
- Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
- They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?
- Magic & Images/ Images & Magic, by David Levi Strauss —an opening paper for a conference at Princeton University, "Magic and the American Avant-Garde Cinema", March 11, 2006.
- The Flame is Ours The Letters of Stan Brakhage and Michael McClure1961-1978 Edited by Christopher Luna at Big Bridge 15
- The act of seeing with Stan's eyes, by Doris Peternel