Sumy
 | This article may be a rough translation from another language. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency. (April 2023) |
Sumy
Суми | |
|---|---|
.jpg)      Top-down, left-right: skyline of Sumy, bell tower of Transfiguration Cathedral, State Art Museum, Taras Shevchenko monument, Altanka, monument to the Polish soldiers in downtown | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Sumy  Sumy | |
| Coordinates: 50°54′43″N 34°48′10″E / 50.91194°N 34.80278°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Sumy Oblast |
| Raion | Sumy Raion |
| Hromada | Sumy urban hromada |
| Founded | 1655 |
| Urban districts | List
|
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Yulia Pavlyk (acting) UTC+3 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 40000-40035 |
| Area code | +380 542 |
| Website | http://www.meria.sumy.ua |
Sumy (Ukrainian: Суми, IPA: [ˈsumɪ] ⓘ) is a city in northeastern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Sumy Oblast. The city is situated on the banks of the Psel River with a population of 256,474 (2022 estimate),[4] making it the 23rd-largest in the country.
The city of Sumy was founded in the 1650s by Cossacks within the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine.
History
Sumy was founded by the Cossack
In the 1670s, Sumy was expanded by adding a fortified posad (craftsmen town), after which it became the biggest fortress of Sloboda Ukraine.[5] From 1658, Sumy was a center of the Sumy Cossack Regiment (military unit and local administrative division).[5] In the 1680s, unfortified suburbs began to develop around Sumy.[5]
At the end of the 17th century, Sumy played a role as a collection point for Muscovite troops during the Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689.[5] During the Great Northern War, from December 1708 to January 1709, the city was the stavka (headquarters) of the Muscovite Chief of Commander headed by Tsar Peter the Great.[5] Established under the leadership of Prince A. Shakhovskoy, the Commission on streamlining the Sloboda Cossack regiments was located in 1734–43 in Sumy.[5] From its establishment and until the liquidation of Cossackdom in Sloboda Ukraine in 1765, the Cossack officer family of Kondratyevs exercised great influence over the city.[5]
Following the liquidation of the Cossack community in 1765, the Sumy Cossack Regiment as an administrative division was turned into Sumy Province of the newly created
After a period of stagnation (1765–1860s), Sumy began to transform into a big industrial and trade center with Paul's Sugar-Refining Factory (est. 1869 by I.Kharytonenko) and the Sumy Engineering Workshops (est. 1896, producing equipment for sugar refineries).[5] With the construction of a railroad Vorozhba – Merefa, the Sumy train station was built in the city in January 1877.[5] Various families of philanthropist industrialists, the most famous of which were the Kharytonenkos, contributed greatly to the development of Sumy.[5]
During the
During the German occupation of Ukraine during World War II (1941–1944), Sumy sustained heavy damage and was occupied from 10 October 1941 to 2 September 1943. In February 1942, some 1,000 Jews were murdered in Sumy in two large-scale operations. In May-June that year, the Germans and their Hungarian allies killed an additional several dozen Jews, along with thirty Roma. Some 250 Hungarian Jews were also murdered in Sumy during the occupation period. [7] The Germans operated a Nazi prison[8] and a forced labour battalion for Jews in the city.[9] After the war, the destroyed parts of the city were rebuilt.
On 24 February 2022, the first day of the
On 4 April 2022 Governor of Sumy Oblast Dmytro Zhyvytskyi stated that Russian troops no longer occupied any towns or villages in Sumy Oblast and had mostly withdrawn, while Ukrainian troops were working to push out the remaining units.[11] On 8 April, Governor Zhyvytskyi stated that all Russian troops had left Sumy Oblast, while adding that the territory of the region was still unsafe due to rigged explosives and other ammunition left behind by Russian troops.[12]
Geography
Sumy is located in the northeastern part of Ukraine within the
Climate
Due to its relatively close location, the city's weather is similar to Kharkiv. Sumy's climate is a warm-summer humid continental (Köppen: Dfb)[13] with cold and snowy winters, and hot summers. The seasonal average temperatures are not too cold in winter, not too hot in summer: −6.9 °C (19.6 °F) in January, and 20.3 °C (68.5 °F) in July. The average rainfall totals 513 mm (20 in) per year, with the most in June and July.
Trends show an increase in the fall in precipitation in the coming decades.[14]
| Climate data for Sumy, Ukraine (1981–2010, extremes 1949-2011) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
21.0 (69.8) |
30.0 (86.0) |
33.6 (92.5) |
36.1 (97.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.4 (102.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
27.9 (82.2) |
22.8 (73.0) |
11.5 (52.7) |
39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.7 (27.1) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
3.9 (39.0) |
13.5 (56.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.1 (77.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.3 (22.5) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
7.2 (45.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.9 (17.8) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −34.2 (−29.6) |
−32.8 (−27.0) |
−27.8 (−18.0) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−22.9 (−9.2) |
−29.5 (−21.1) |
−34.2 (−29.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.6 (1.44) |
35.3 (1.39) |
36.2 (1.43) |
41.8 (1.65) |
56.1 (2.21) |
66.4 (2.61) |
74.5 (2.93) |
52.7 (2.07) |
53.0 (2.09) |
49.3 (1.94) |
42.9 (1.69) |
36.9 (1.45) |
581.7 (22.90) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 96.8 |
| Average snowy days | 18 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 17 | 74 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
85.9 | 83.3 | 78.7 | 68.0 | 63.9 | 69.6 | 71.2 | 69.1 | 75.8 | 80.9 | 87.3 | 87.3 | 76.8 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[15] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Climatebase.ru (extremes),[16] Weatherbase (snow days)[17] | |||||||||||||
Government
Sumy is a city of oblast significance which makes a separate subdivision within the Sumy Oblast. Sumy is also an administrative center of Sumy Raion which surrounds the city.
The city used to be divided into two urban raions (districts), Zarichnyi and Kovpakovskyi, and 13 microraions. Since 2006, the subdivision into urban districts is not in effect.[18]
The city municipality also includes several adjacent villages including Verkhnie Pishchane, Zhyteiske, Zahirske, Kyryiakivshchyna, Pishchane, and Trokhymenkove.
Demographics
 |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 11,500 | — |
| 1897 | 27,564 | +139.7% |
| 1913 | 50,400 | +82.8% |
| 1926 | 44,000 | −12.7% |
| 1939 | 69,000 | +56.8% |
| 1959 | 98,000 | +42.0% |
| 1970 | 159,000 | +62.2% |
| 1979 | 231,558 | +45.6% |
| 1989 | 293,706 | +26.8% |
| 2001 | 295,847 | +0.7% |
| [citation needed] | ||
- 1897 - 70.53% Ukrainians, 24.1% Russians, 2.6% Jewish, 2.67% others
- 1926 - 80.7% Ukrainians, 11.8% Russians, 5.5% Jewish, 2% others
- 1959 - 79% Ukrainians, 20% Russians, 1% others[citation needed]
The majority of residents are
From the beginning of the twentieth century, Sumy was the center of
According to the census held in 1660, the population of Sumy was 2740 people. In 1732 it was 7700 people, in 1773 — 9380 people, in 1850 — 10,256 people, in 1898 — 26,355 people.[19]
During Soviet times the population grew significantly. In 1939 it reached 63.9 thousand people.[20] In 1959 it was 98,015 people,[21] 159 thousand people in 1970, 194 thousand people in 1975,[22] 291,264 people in 1989,[23] and 303.3 thousand people in 1991.[24]
According to the
Language
Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:[28]
| Language | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Ukrainian | 225 784 | 77.29% |
| Russian | 59 461 | 20.35% |
| Other or undecided | 6 894 | 2.36% |
| Total | 292 139 | 100.00% |
According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April-May 2023, 64 % of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 27 % spoke Russian.[29]
Economy and infrastructure
Enterprises
.JPG)
- Sumy Engineering Science and Production Association (formerly Frunze factory)
- Sumykhimprom, a major chemical factory
- Sumykhimprom chemical plant ammonia leak
Infrastructure
- There is a Sumy Airport in the city. Built in 1978, since 2006 it has been an international airport and received flights from outside Ukraine.[citation needed]
- There are several railway stations in the city, two of which serve passenger trains. All stations are part of the UZ regional branch Southern Railways. Sumy railway station also is the headquarters of one of four territorial subdivisions of the Southern Railways and conducts supervision over some other 45 stations in Sumy, Poltava, and Kharkiv oblasts.
- There are two major routes that cross the city H07 (Kyiv–Yunakivka at Russian border) and H12 (Sumy–Poltava). There are also a few regional routes P44 (Sumy–Hlukhiv), P45 (Sumy–Bohodukhiv), and P61 (Sumy–Baturyn).
Main sights
Landmarks
- The city centre is dominated by the large cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration. It is a Klavdiy Lebedev.
- The Resurrection Church (1702), the oldest structure in the town, has had restoration work.
- The cathedral of the monastery of Novgorod and Pskov.
- A church of Saints Peter and Paul in the town's cemetery was built in 1851. Beside the church there are tombs of the Kharytonenkos and Sukhanovs with monuments by sculptors M. Antokolski.
- The Cathedral of Holy Trinity was built in 1902–1914 on the same pattern as the Cathedral of St. Isaac in St. Petersburg. The author of the design was Sumy architect G. Sholts. The work on the decorative design was not completed because of the revolutionary events of 1917.
Museums
The
The Museum of Local Lore was opened in 1920. In the years of fascist occupation, the most important items of its collections were lost. Today it contains unique collections covering
The Chekhov Museum, located on Chekhov street is an architectural complex representing Lintvarev's country estate of the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1888 and 1889 a great writer and dramatist Anton Chekhov was dreaming of settling in Luka forever but his dream did not come true. “Abbacia and the Adriatic Sea are wonderful, but Luka and Psiol are better” – he wrote in his letter from Italy to his friends in Sumy in 1894. This is also a place where Anton Chekhov's brother, Nikolai Chekhov, died in 1889.
The
Notable people
.jpg)
- Aleksey Alchevsky (1835–1901), industrialist and philanthropist, founded the city of Alchevsk
- Hanna Bezliudna (born 1972) is a Ukrainian media manager, producer and public figure.
- Karl Burman (1882–1965), an Estonian architect and painter.
- Mykola Hrunskyi (early 20th C.), a senior researcher specializing in studying of the Russian language at the Linguistic Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Dmytro Kuleba (born 1981) a politician and diplomat; currently Minister of Foreign Affairs.
- Anatoliy Mokrenko (1933–2020) a Ukrainian operatic baritone
- Yekaterina Peshkova (1887–1965), a Soviet human rights activist and first wife of Maxim Gorky.
- Pyotr Voevodin (1884–1964) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician and film producer.
Sport
- Kazimierz Gzowski (1901–1986) a Polish cavalry officer and horse rider, team silver medallist at the 1928 Summer Olympics
- Yevhen Hlyva (born 1983), distance runner
- Volodymyr Holubnychy (1936-2021), race-walker, 4-time Olympic medallist
- Oleh Husiev (born 1983), a footballer with 319 club caps and 98 for Ukraine
- Volodymyr Romanenko (born 1985) football midfielder with over 330 club caps
- Kateryna Samson (born 1988) is a Ukrainian football goalkeeper with 21 caps for Ukraine women
- Serhiy Strashnenko (born 1953) a Soviet former football goalkeeper with over 400 club caps
Sports
The field hockey club MSC Sumchanka has won the Ukrainian championship 12 times and was the European champion once.
Sumy is home to the
The
The Yuvileiny Stadium, formerly known as Spartak, was planned to be renovated just before dissolution of the Soviet Union and in 1989 was demolished to be built anew. It was not until 1998 that the actual construction was resumed and finally finished in 2001.
Twin towns – sister cities
Other forms of cooperation
Banská Bystrica, Slovakia (2016)
Wohlen, Switzerland (2015)
References
- Notes
- ^ "У Сумах проводять обшуки у виконувачки обов'язків мера". Українська правда.
- ^ "Стало відомо, хто замінить міського голову Сум Лисенка на час слідства щодо хабарництва". hromadske.ua. October 10, 2023.
- ^ "Павлик Юлія Анатоліївна — Біографія, Балотування, Фракції, Політична Агітація | ПолітХаб". www.chesno.org.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Bazhan, O.H., Vortman, D.Ya., Masliychuk, V.L. Sumy, regional center (СУМИ, ОБЛАСНИЙ ЦЕНТР). Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.
- ^ Figes, Orlando: A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924. The Bodley Head, London (2014). p. 183
- ^ Sumy, Yad Vashem
- ^ "Gefängnis Sumy". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ^ "Jüdisches Arbeitsbataillon Sumy". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ^ "Battles against Russian occupiers ongoing near Shchastia, Sumy, Hostomel Airport". www.ukrinform.net. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
- ^ Russian troops no longer hold any settlements in Ukraine's Sumy region, says governor, National Post (4 April 2022)
- Ukrayinska Pravda(8 April 2022)
- ^ "Sumy, Ukraine Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
- ^ "РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ СЦЕНАРІЇВ ЗМІНИ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВ В УКРАЇНІ НА СЕРЕДНЬО- ТА ДОВГОСТРОКОВУ ПЕРСПЕКТИВУ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ДАНИХ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ТА РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ" (PDF). Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute. December 2013.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "Sumy, Ukraine Climate Data". Climatebase. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Sumy, Ukraine". Weatherbase. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
- ^ "РЕГІОНИ УКРАЇНИ ТА ЇХ СКЛАД". September 1, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-09-01.
- ^ "ЭСБЕ/Сумы — Викитека". ru.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
- ^ гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский (1956). Сумы // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. Государственное научное издательство «Большая Советская энциклопедия». pp. 2-е изд. том 41. М., стр.285–286.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru.
- ^ Сумы // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 25. М., "Советская энциклопедия". 1976. pp. стр.76.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru.
- ^ "Sumy, city". The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 15th edition. Micropaedia. Vol.11. Chicago. 1994. p. 387.
- ^ "Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine".
- ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.92" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2019-09-03.
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2016 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2016. стор.65
- ^ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України" (in Ukrainian).
- ^ The eighth all-Ukrainian municipal survey, ratinggroup.ua, Retrieved 2024-01-24
- ^ "Міста-партнери". smr.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Sumy. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
External links
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 85.
- (in English, Ukrainian, and Russian) City of Sumy travel guide Archived 2016-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
- (in Ukrainian) Independent regional Web-portal - news, features, entertainment & tourism info
- (in Ukrainian) Sumy administration
- (in English) Sumy travel guide Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
- Medical institute of Sumy State University
- The Sumian Historical Web-Society
- (in Ukrainian) Regional Web-portal, open business-directory of the city
- Portal Sumy - news, weather, calendar, map, ad
- (in English) City centre Web-cam Archived 2017-06-06 at the Wayback Machine
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