User:DoctorShmullus/sandbox2
Gotham | |
---|---|
1st in New Jersey | |
• Density | 18,183.95/sq mi (7,020.89/km2) |
• Urban | 9,553,904 |
• Urban density | 4,817.68/sq mi (1,860.12/km2) |
• Metro | 14,995,471 |
Demonym | Gothamite |
Time zone | UTC−05:00 (EST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (EDT) |
ZIP Codes | 08087, 08201-08241, 08401-08406 |
Area codes | 609/640, 732/848 |
FIPS code | 34-39810 |
GNIS feature ID | 877726 |
Website | www.gothamcity.com |
Gotham, often called Gotham City, is the
.Gotham traces its origins to a trading post founded on the east shore of Somerset Island, now Midtown, by
Geography
File:Cartographic Map of Gotham.jpg|alt=|thumb|Map of Gotham City and Great Bay Gotham City is situated in the northeastern United States, southwest of Philadelphia. The location at the mouth of the Liberty River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of Gotham City is built on the three islands of Burnley, Somerset, and Coventry.
During the Wisconsin glaciation, 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, the Gotham City area was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet. The erosive forward movement of the ice (and its subsequent retreat) contributed to the separation of what is now the Gotham Islands. That action left bedrock at a relatively shallow depth, providing a solid foundation for most of Gotham's skyscrapers.
The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since British colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s.[1] Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.[2]
The city's total area is 468.484 square miles (1,213.37 km2); 302.643 sq mi (783.84 km2) of the city is land and 165.841 sq mi (429.53 km2) of this is water.
Boroughs
Jurisdiction | Population | Land area | Density of population | GDP | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borough | County | Census (2020) |
square miles |
square km |
people/ sq. mile |
people/ sq. km |
billions (2022 US$) 2 | |
Bronx
|
1,472,654 | 42.2 | 109.2 | 34,920 | 13,482 | $43.7 | ||
Kings
|
2,736,074 | 69.4 | 179.7 | 39,438 | 15,227 | $107.3 | ||
New York
|
1,694,251 | 22.7 | 58.7 | 74,781 | 28,872 | $781.0 | ||
Queens
|
2,405,464 | 108.7 | 281.6 | 22,125 | 8,542 | $103.3 | ||
Richmond
|
495,747 | 57.5 | 149.0 | 8,618 | 3,327 | $17.5 | ||
8,804,190 | 300.5 | 778.2 | 29,303 | 11,314 | $1,052.8 | |||
20,201,249 | 47,123.6 | 122,049.5 | 429 | 166 | $1,763.5 | |||
Sources:[7][8][9][10] and see individual borough articles. |
New York City is sometimes referred to collectively as the Five Boroughs.[11] Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of New York State, making New York City one of the U.S. municipalities in multiple counties. There are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods throughout the boroughs, many with a definable history and character.[citation needed]
If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States (Staten Island would be ranked 37th as of 2020); these same boroughs are coterminous with the four most densely populated counties in the United States: New York (Manhattan), Kings (Brooklyn), Bronx, and Queens.
Manhattan
Manhattan (New York County) is the geographically smallest and most densely populated borough. It is home to Central Park and most of the city's skyscrapers, and is sometimes locally known as The City.[12] Manhattan's population density of 72,033 people per square mile (27,812/km2) in 2015 makes it the highest of any county in the United States and higher than the density of any individual American city.[13]
Manhattan is the cultural, administrative, and
Most of the borough is situated on
Brooklyn
Brooklyn (Kings County), on the western tip of Long Island, is the city's most populous borough. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social, and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods, and a distinctive architectural heritage. Downtown Brooklyn is the largest central core neighborhood in the Outer Boroughs. The borough has a long beachfront shoreline including Coney Island, established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the U.S.[18] Marine Park and Prospect Park are the two largest parks in Brooklyn.[19] Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms,[20][21] and of postmodern art and design.[21][22]
Queens
The Bronx
Staten Island
Staten Island (Richmond County) is the most suburban in character of the five boroughs. It is connected to Brooklyn by the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, and to Manhattan by way of the free Staten Island Ferry. In central Staten Island, the Staten Island Greenbelt spans approximately 2,500 acres (10 km2), including 28 miles (45 km) of walking trails and one of the last undisturbed forests in the city.[32] Designated in 1984 to protect the island's natural lands, the Greenbelt comprises seven city parks.
Architecture
New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the Dutch Colonial
Manhattan's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2019[update], New York City had 6,455 high-rise buildings, the third most in the world after Hong Kong and Seoul.[34] Of these, as of 2011[update],[needs update] 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet (100 m) high, with more than fifty completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m). These include the Woolworth Building, an early example of Gothic Revival architecture in skyscraper design; completed in 1913, for 17 years it was the world's tallest building.[35]
The
The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant
Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835.[43] A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the roof-mounted wooden water tower. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could break municipal water pipes.[44] Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, such as Jackson Heights.[45]
According to the United States Geological Survey, an updated analysis of seismic hazard in July 2014 revealed a "slightly lower hazard for tall buildings" in New York City than previously assessed. Scientists estimated this lessened risk based on a lower likelihood than previously thought of slow shaking near the city, which would be more likely to cause damage to taller structures. Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet of office space as of 2022;[needs copy edit] the COVID-19 pandemic and hybrid work model have prompted consideration of commercial-to-residential conversion within Midtown Manhattan.
Human resources
Public health
The Gotham City Health and Hospitals Corporation (GHHC) operates the
GHHC's facilities annually provide over a million Gothamites services interpreted in more than 190 languages. The most well-known hospital in the GHHC system is Arkham Hospital, the oldest public hospital in the United States. The current president of GHHC is Hugo Strange, MD, a surgeon and former representative of the Wayne Healthcare Foundation. In August 2017, Mayor Aubrey James signed legislation outlawing pharmacies from selling cigarettes once their existing licenses to do so expired, beginning in 2018. Gotham City enforces a right-to-shelter law guaranteeing shelter to anyone who needs it, regardless of their immigration, socioeconomic, or housing status, which entails providing adequate shelter and food.
Public safety
Police and law enforcement
The Gotham City Police Department (GCPD) is among the largest police forces in the United States, with more than 20,000 sworn officers. Members of the GCPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, Gotham's Finest.
Gotham City has gained notoriety for its high amount of crime, having struggled with it for decades. Overall reported crime has dropped by 60% from the mid-1990s to the mid-2010s, but homicide rates remain high and exceed the national average. The worst years for crime in Gotham overall were from 1993 to 1996; with 96,243 crimes reported in 1995. Gotham's 344 homicides in 2015 represented the highest homicide rate in the city's recorded history—52.5 per 100,000 people, surpassing the record ratio set in 1993—and the second-highest for U.S. cities behind St. Louis and ahead of Detroit.
Drug use and deaths by drug use (particularly drugs used intravenously, such as heroin) are a related problem which has impaired Gotham for decades. Among cities greater than 400,000, Gotham ranked 2nd in its opiate drug death rate in the United States. The DEA reported that 2% of Gotham's population – about 98,000 people – are addicted to heroin, most of which is trafficked into the city from Gotham City Port.
In 2011, Gotham City police reported 196 homicides, the lowest number in the city since 197 homicides in 1978 and far lower than the peak homicide count of 353 slayings in 1993. City leaders at the time credited a sustained focus on repeat violent offenders and increased community engagement for the continued drop, reflecting a nationwide decline in crime.
On August 8, 2014, Gotham's new youth curfew law went into effect. It prohibits unaccompanied children under age 14 from being on the streets after 9 p.m. and those aged 14–16 from being out after 10 p.m. during the week and 11 p.m. on weekends and during the summer. The goal is to keep children out of dangerous places and reduce crime.
Crime in Gotham reached another peak in 2015 when the year's tally of 344 homicides was second only to the record 353 in 1993, when Gotham had about 400,000 more residents. The killings in 2015 were on pace with recent years in the early months of 2015 but skyrocketed after the Gotham Uprising following the killing of Darius King by police. In five of the next eight months, killings topped 30–40 per month. Nearly 90 percent of 2015's homicides resulted from shootings, renewing calls for new gun laws. In 2016, according to annual crime statistics released by the Gotham City Police Department, there were 318 murders in the city. This total marked a 7.56 percent decline in homicides from 2015.
In the six years between 2016 and 2022, Gotham tallied 318, 342, 309, 348, 335, 338, and 335 homicides, respectively.
Organized crime has long been associated with Gotham City. The 20th century saw a rise in the Mafia, dominated by the Five Families, as well as in gangs, including the Black Mask. Unlike other cities in the United States, the mafia and gang presence in Gotham has remained strong, despite city initiatives and crackdowns against organized crime.
Firefighting
The Fire Department of Gotham City (FDGC) provides fire protection, technical rescue, primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards, and emergency medical services for the three boroughs of Gotham City. The FDNY is one of the largest municipal fire department in the United States. The FDGC employs approximately 7,200 uniformed firefighters and more than 2,800 uniformed EMTs and paramedics. The FDGC's motto is Gotham's Bravest.
The fire department faces multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to Gotham. In addition to responding to
The FDNY is headquartered at
Government and politics
Government
Gotham City has been a
The
Politics
The present mayor is
Gotham City is one of the most important geographical sources of
Transportation
Rapid transit
Mass transit in Gotham City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for two-thirds of users of mass transit in New Jersey, and one-fifth of the nation's rail riders live in the Gotham City metropolitan area.
Buses
Gotham City's public
Rail
The
Public transport is widely used in New York City. 54.6% of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using mass transit.[50] This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where 91% of commuters travel in automobiles to their workplace.[51] According to the New York City Comptroller, workers in the New York City area spend an average of 6 hours and 18 minutes getting to work each week, the longest commute time in the nation among large cities.[52] New York is the only U.S. city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car.[53] Due to their high usage of mass transit, New Yorkers spend less of their household income on transportation than the national average, saving $19 billion annually on transportation compared to other urban Americans.[54]
New York City's
The
Multibillion-dollar
Air
Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.[64] Plans were announced in July 2015 to entirely rebuild LaGuardia Airport in a multibillion-dollar project to replace its aging facilities[needs update].[65] Other commercial airports in or serving the New York metropolitan area include Long Island MacArthur Airport, Trenton–Mercer Airport and Westchester County Airport. The primary general aviation airport serving the area is Teterboro Airport.
Ferries, taxis and trams
The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route, carrying more than 23 million passengers from July 2015 through June 2016 on a 5.2-mile (8.4 km) route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24/7.[66][67] Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area. NYC Ferry, a NYCEDC initiative with routes planned to travel to all five boroughs, was launched in 2017.[68]
Other features of the city's transportation infrastructure encompass 13,587 yellow taxicabs;[69] other vehicle for hire companies;[70][71] and the Roosevelt Island Tramway, an aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island.
Cycling network
New York City has mixed cycling conditions that include urban density, relatively flat terrain, congested roadways with stop-and-go traffic, and many pedestrians. The city's large cycling population includes utility cyclists, such as delivery and messenger services; recreational cycling clubs; and an increasing number of commuters. Cycling is increasingly popular in New York City; in 2017 there were approximately 450,000 daily bike trips, compared with 170,000 in 2005.[72] As of 2017[update], New York City had 1,333 miles (2,145 km) of bike lanes, compared to 513 miles (826 km) in 2006.[72] As of 2019, there are 126 miles (203 km) of segregated or "protected" bike lanes citywide.[73]
Streets and highways
Streets are also a defining feature of the city. The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 greatly influenced its physical development. Several streets and avenues, including Broadway,[74] Wall Street,[75] Madison Avenue,[76] and Seventh Avenue are used as metonyms for national industries: theater, finance, advertising, and fashion, respectively.
New York City has an extensive web of
Unlike the rest of the United States, New York State prohibits right or left turns on red in cities with a population greater than one million, to reduce traffic collisions and increase pedestrian safety. In New York City, therefore, all turns at red lights are illegal unless a sign permitting such maneuvers is present.[82]
River crossings
Manhattan and Staten Island are primarily coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are at the west end of the larger Long Island, and the Bronx is on New York State's mainland. Manhattan Island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and to New Jersey by an extensive network of bridges and tunnels.
Bridges
The 14-lane
Tunnels
The
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