Warekena language

Warekena
Warekena
Baniwa of Maroa; Baniwa of Guainía
Guarequena
Native to	Arawakan Northern Upper Amazon Orinoco Warekena; ; ; ;
Dialects	Warekena do rio Xié;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	gae
Glottolog	guar1293
ELP	Guarequena

Warekena (Guarequena), or more precisely Warekena of Xié, is an

Baré

and Baniwa/Baniva – in this case, distinguished as Baniva de Maroa or Baniva de Guainía.

There may be 10 speakers in Brazil and 200 in Venezuela, per Aikhenvald (1999).

Kaufman (1994) classified it in a Warekena group of Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian, Aikhenvald (1999) in Eastern Nawiki.

Personal pronouns in Warekena are formed by adding an emphatic suffix -ya to the cross-referencing personal prefixes.[3]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar		Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
		Labial	Dental	cen.	lat.	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		m	n
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	ts				k
Plosive/ Affricate	voiced	b	d	dz				ɡ
Fricative	voiceless					ʂ
Fricative	voiced					ʐ
Rhotic	tap			ɾ	ɺ
Rhotic	trill			r
Approximant		w					j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	e
Low		a

/u/ can also range to [o].^[4]

Grammar

Unmarked constituent order is AVO, VS_o, S_aV, or S_ioV.^[3]

AVO:

wa-hã

then-PAUS

waʃi

jaguar

yutʃia-hã

kill-PAUS

ema

tapir

"Then the jaguar killed the tapir" Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);

VS_o:

ʃupe-hẽ

many-PAUS

ʃiani-pe

child-PL

"Children are many" Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);

S_aV:

peya

one

nu-yaɺitua

1sg-brother

wiyua

die

"One of my brothers dies"

S_ioV:

nu-yue

1sg-for

mawali

hungry

"I am hungry"

Indirect objects tend to be placed immediately after the predicate.

References

^ Warekena at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Aikhenvald (1999) The Arawak language family.
^
doi:10.1515/9783110822120
. Cited in Bhat, D.N.S. 2004. Pronouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 25

^ Socorro Sánchez, Marlene (2005). Morfología y sintaxis del Baniva (PhD thesis). Maracaibo: Universidad de los Andes.

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[e18-1] Warekena at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[2] Aikhenvald (1999) The Arawak language family.

[:0-3] 
doi:10.1515/9783110822120
. Cited in Bhat, D.N.S. 2004. Pronouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 25

[4] Socorro Sánchez, Marlene (2005). Morfología y sintaxis del Baniva (PhD thesis). Maracaibo: Universidad de los Andes.

[4]

[3]