1985 in aviation
Years in aviation :
|
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 |
| Centuries: | 19th century · 20th century · 21st century |
| Decades: | 2000s 2010s
|
| Years: | 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 |
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1985.
Events
- Lauda Air begins flight operations as a charter and air taxi service. It began scheduled service in 1987.
- Ryanair is founded, initially as a full-service carrier.
- Emirates Airlines is founded, with the help of the Government of Dubai and Pakistan International Airlines.
January
- January 1
- In the air defense troops, while the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force has 40,000 men but only 60 to 80 operational aircraft.[1]
- Flying at night in poor weather, Eastern Air Lines Flight 980, a Boeing 727, crashes into Bolivia's Mount Illimani at an altitude of 19,600 feet (6,000 meters), killing all 29 people on board. The wreckage was not discovered until 2016.
- The United States Government's Civil Aeronautics Board is abolished in accordance with the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978.
- In the
- January 5 – Jews of the Beta Israel community who had fled a famine in Ethiopia and were living in refugee camps in Sudan, Operation Moses since its beginning on November 21, 1984, has evacuated about 8,000 Jews 200 or so at time in over 30 flights by Trans European Airways airliners, flying them from Sudan to Israel via Brussels, Belgium.
- January 18 – A Chinese turbo-prop airliner flying from Shanghai to Beijing via Nanjing crashes during an emergency landing at Jinan, China, south of Beijing. Thirty-eight of the 41 people on board perish.[2]
- January 20 – São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport officially opens in São Paulo, Brazil.
- January 21 – recreational vehiclesparked at a dealership. The lone survivor is a 17-year-old boy who is thrown clear of the aircraft, landing upright on a city street still strapped into his seat.
February
- February 1
- Trans World Airlines becomes the first airline to operate an ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards) flight. The flight also makes it the first airline to operate a twin-engine jet on scheduled transatlantic services. The aircraft is a Boeing 767.[3][4]
- Aeroflot Flight 7841 crashes shortly after takeoff, killing 58 people on board.[5]
- February 11 – Record-setting Cessna 421C he is piloting collides with the tops of trees and crashes at Albuquerque, New Mexico, after Abbruzzo becomes distracted by a baggage door that opens in flight.[6]
- February 19
- Mount Oiz in Biscay, Spain, and crashes, killing all 148 people on board.
- China Airlines Flight 006, a Boeing 747SP with 284 people on board, miraculously survives a 30,000-foot (9,100 m) plunge over the Pacific Ocean near San Francisco after an engine failure. Twenty-four people are injured, two of them seriously.
- February 24 – guerrillas while en route to West Germany from Antarctica, killing its entire three-man crew. In December 1984 it had become one of the first two German planes ever to land at the South Pole.
March
- In the Iran–Iraq War, Iraqi Air Force aircraft carry out 158 sorties against Iranian cities over a three-day period.[7]
- March 1 – The Boy Scouts of America officially ends powered aircraft flight in its Aviation Exploring program, citing difficulties with maintaining insurance coverage in the event of an aircraft accident. The decision affects 450 Explorer Posts and over 10,000 Explorer Scouts.
- March 4 – The Iraqi Air Force conducts its first raid against the Iranian nuclear reactor under construction at Bushehr.[8]
- March 10–11 – Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force aircraft conduct the first air raid against Baghdad in months. The Iraqi Air Force retaliates with a raid on Tehran.[9]
- March 11–18 – A fully committed Iraqi Air Force flies 150 to 200 sorties a day as Iraq turns back an Iranian offensive out of the Hawizeh Marshes.[9]
- March 19–23 – Iraqi strike aircraft and helicopters join artillery in employing Majnoon area.[10]
- March 22 – In Al Qadarif, Sudan, the aircraft fly them to Uvda Airbase in southern Israel.
- March 25 – The Emirates airline is founded in Dubai, UAE.
- March 29 – Ten service personnel are killed when two Canadian military planes collide at CFB Edmonton during a mass flyover.[11]
- March 31
- Kemayoran Airport in Jakarta, Indonesia, closes. The city's new main airport, Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, opens simultaneously.
- Iraq claims to have hit about 30 ships in air attacks in the Persian Gulf since January 1, while Iran has hit seven over the same time period. Some estimates place the number of Iraqi attacks since March 1984 at 65 and Iranian attacks over the same period at 25.[12]
April
- Frontier Horizon, a Boeing 727-100s, ceases operations.
- April 22 – US$750 million.
- April 24 – LOT Polish Airlines resumes flights to New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport.
- April 28 – Houston Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, to Gatwick Airportin London, England.
- April 29 – In a ceremony at AV-8B Harrier II.[13] Designated the F-21A in American service, the Kfirs will be operated by Fighter Squadron 43 (VF-43), a U.S. Navy "adversary" squadron.[14]
May
- 1 May – WestAir as United Express, the brand name for a new regional airline that feeds United's hubs at (respectively) Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, Denver's Stapleton International Airport, and San Francisco's San Francisco International Airport.
- 3 May – A captainof the Tu-134.
- 13 May – During an armed standoff between members of the Cobbs Creek area of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a Pennsylvania State Police helicopter drops two 1-pound (0.45-kg) bombs made of water gel explosive on a fortified cubicle on the roof of the house. The bombs start a fire that destroys the MOVE house, killing 11 people in it, and then spreads, destroying approximately 65 houses before it is extinguished.[15][16][17]
- 30 May – The Iraqi Air Force makes its first successful strike against the Iranian oil terminal at Kharg Island since June 1984. It will not attack Kharg Island again until mid-August.[18]
June
- June 12 – The Government of Cuba creates the Civil Aviation Institute of Cuba (Spanish: Instituto de Aeronáutica Civil de Cuba) as Cuba's civil aviation authority.[19]
- June 14 – Two Shiite prisoners. Flight attendant Uli Derickson plays a key role in maintaining calm aboard the airliner and negotiating with the gunmen.[20]
- Mid-June – The Iraqi Air Force carries out its fiftieth raid on Tehran since the beginning of the Iran–Iraq War in September 1980.[7]
- June 19 - A group of Islamic extremists blow up a section of the Frankfurt Airport. This is known as the
1985 Frankfurt Airport bombing.
- June 21 – A drunken incarceration. After the aircraft runs out of beer at Fornebu, Huseby trades his weapon for more beer and Norwegian police storm the plane and arrest him. It is the first aircraft hijacking in Norwegian history.[21]
- June 23 – A bomb explodes at Narita International Airport in Japan amongst luggage intended for Air India Flight 301 to Bangkok, Thailand, killing two baggage handlers and injuring four.[22] Fifty-five minutes later, Air India Flight 182, the Boeing 747 Emperor Kanishka, explodes off the Irish coast, killing all 329 on board; a terrorist bomb is suspected, but never confirmed.[23]
July
- July 10 – air disaster in the history of the Soviet Union and Uzbekistan, as well as the deadliest incident involving a Tu-154.
August
August 1985 remains
September 11, 2001 attacks
) in history.
- August 2
- IBM PC, and his wife.
- $149.00, with fares discounted to $99.00 through September 30.
- August 12 – Japan Airlines Flight 123, a Boeing 747 flying from Haneda Airport to Osaka, suffers a bulkhead explosion 12 minutes into its flight that was the result of improper repairs from a tailstrike accident seven years earlier. The resulting decompression blows off the vertical stabilizer and severs all of the aircraft's hydraulic lines. The pilots struggle to control the aircraft for 32 minutes until it crashes into Mount Takamagahara, killing 520 of 524 people on board. Among the dead are singer Kyu Sakamoto and Japanese banker Akihisa Yukawa, father of violinist Diana Yukawa. Farewell notes written from victims to their family and friends are found next to the bodies. It remains the worst single-aircraft air disaster and second-worst air disaster in history.
- August 14 – The Iraqi Air Force begins a series of air raids on the Iranian oil terminal at Kharg Island, seriously damaging a main offshore loading point there.[18]
- August 21 – Sir Freddie Laker accepts GB£8 million in a settlement with British Airways. Laker had sued twelve airlines for conspiring to drive Laker Airways out of business.
- August 22 – The flight crew of Manchester International Airportin Manchester, England, and find an engine on fire after taxiing to a stop. The fire spreads to the cabin, killing 55 people, 48 of them killed by toxic smoke; the other 82 people on board escape.
- August 25
- A major Iraqi Air Force raid on Kharg Island apparently temporarily cuts the oil terminal's oil export capacity by about 30 percent.[18]
- Goodwill Ambassador" to the Soviet Union and who had been cast on the television show Lime Street.
- August 26 – Carl Icahn and associates purchase Trans World Airlines.
September
- September 1
- The Iraqi Air Force makes its fourth large raid against the Iranian oil terminal at Kharg Island since mid-August. The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force responds by increasing raids against commercial shipping in the Persian Gulf and threatening to attack ships visiting ports in the southern Persian Gulf; by early September, Iran and Iraq have carried out a combined 130 attacks on shipping since March 1985.[24]
- American race car driver Richie Panch dies along with the other three people aboard a Piper PA-28 Cherokee that flies into a squall line and heavy rain near Rion, South Carolina, and comes apart in mid-air.[6]
- September 6 – Milwaukee, Wisconsin, after its right engine fails. All 31 people on board die.
- September 12 – The Iraqi Air Force launches its ninth major raid on the Iranian oil terminal at Kharg Island since mid-August.[24]
- September 13 – Flying an
- September 16 – American aerobatic pilot, aerial cameraman, flight instructor, and educator Art Scholl dies during filming of the movie Top Gun when he puts his Pitts S-2 camera plane into a flat spin to film the spin but fails to pull out of it and crashes into the Pacific Ocean off Carlsbad, California.[6]
- September 23 – Henson Airlines Flight 1517, a Beechcraft Model 99, goes off course while on approach to Shenandoah Valley Regional Airport and crashes into a 2,400-foot (732-meter) mountain near Grottoes, Virginia, killing all 14 people on board. American playwright and actor Larry Shue is among the dead.[6]
- September 19 – A major Iraqi air raid on Kharg Island cuts its export production by as much as 50 percent.[24]
- September 27 – Iraqi aircraft again damage loading terminals at Kharg Island.[27]
- September 30 – The first Italian aircraft carrier, Giuseppe Garibaldi, is commissioned.[28]
October
- October 1 – The Operation Entebbe in July 1976.
- October 3 – An Iraqi Air Force raid on the Iranian oil terminal at Kharg Island damages loading terminal facilities there.[27]
- October 5 – People Express Airlines acquires Frontier Airlines. Instead of merging Frontier into People Express, it operates Frontier as an independent entity.
- October 10 – Boeing 737-200 flying from Egypt to Tunisia carrying members of the Palestinian Liberation Front who had hijacked the passenger ship MS Achille Lauro. They force it to land at Naval Air Station Sigonella on Sicily, where Italian authorities arrest the hijackers.
- October 17 – Tirirical Airport in São Luís, Brazil, is renamed Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport.
November
- The delivery of French air-to-ground missiles to Iraq is confirmed, although they may have been in use by the Iraqi Air Force by mid-August.[24]
- Mid-November – The total of Iraqi Air Force strikes against the Iranian oil terminal at Kharg Island reaches 37.[29]
- November 18
- General Dynamics purchases Cessna.
- The first National Aeronautics and Space Administration to the Smithsonian Institution for eventual museum display. Although lacking engines and a heat shieldand never having flown in space, it has been used for shuttle portability, gliding, vibration, and launch pad tests and on publicity tours.
- November 23 – Boeing 737-200 – the same aircraft U.S. Navy fighters had intercepted in October – with 95 other people on board, during a flight from Athens, Greece, to Cairo, Egypt. An Egyptian security agent on board soon kills one of the hijackers before himself being wounded along with two flight attendants. The surviving hijackers force the plane to fly to Malta International Airport on Malta, where they kill two passengers and wound three others before Egyptian commandos storm the plane on November 24. The Egyptian raid kills 56 of the remaining 88 passengers as well as two crew members and one hijacker; Rezaq is arrested. In the end, only 38 passengers and crew survive the hijacking.
- November 25
- South African Special Forces use a shoulder-launched surface-to-air missile to shoot down a Soviet Antonov An-12 carrying 21 people 43 km (27 mi) east of Menongue, Angola. All aboard the aircraft die.
- A Rockwell Aero Commander 500S attempting to land at Des Moines, Iowa, with iced wings strikes trees and a power pole and crashes, killing all seven people on board. Three team members and two coaches of the Iowa State University women's cross country team are among the dead.[6]
December
- December 12 – 101st Airborne Division from West Germanyto the United States for Christmas, killing all 256 people on board.
- December 19 – Qiqihar Airport in Qiqihar, China. Alimuraov insisted that the An-24 land at Hailar, China, instead; the airliner runs out of fuel before it can reach Hailar and makes an emergency landing in a rice field, where Chinese authorities arrest Alimuradov. The passengers and other crew members will fly back to the Soviet Union on December 21 in a Tupolev Tu-134 they meet at Harbin, China, and the An-24 flies back to the Soviet Union in January 1986.[30]
- December 27 – Using Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport outside Rome, Italy, and a few minutes later three others attack the El Al ticket counter at Vienna International Airport in Vienna, Austria, killing a combined total of 19 people and wounding about 140 at the two airports. Police kill three of the Rome attackers and one of the attackers in Vienna, and the rest are arrested in both cities. The Abu Nidal Organization claims credit for the attacks.[31]
- December 31
- The Iraqi Air Force claims to have flown 20,011 sorties against Iran, to have made 77 destructive hits on the Iranian oil terminal at Kharg Island, and to have hit 124 "hostile maritime targets" in the Persian Gulf; Iraq will declare 1985 "The Year of the Pilot." Some reports indicate that Iran has carried out a total of 60 air raids against Kharg Island, and the Iraqi Air Force has attacked more than 200 ships in the Persian Gulf since beginning such attacks in May 1981, with over 150 of those attacks occurring since March 1985.[32] Iraq claims to have bombed Tehran 30 times during 1985.[33]
- During 1985, Iraq has made 33 air attacks against shipping in the Persian Gulf, one using bombs and the remainder using air-to-surface missiles, while Iran has conducted 10 air attacks against Persian Gulf shipping. The total of Iraqi air attacks against Persian Gulf shipping since 1984 has reached 68, one using bombs and the rest air-to-surface missiles, while Iran's total since 1984 has reached 28.[34]
- American singer-songwriter and actor DeKalb, Texas.
First flights
February
- February 3 – Atlas Alpha XH-1[35]
- February 12 – Valmet L-90 Redigo prototype OH-VBB[36]
March
- March 11 – ARV Super 2[37]
- March 15 — Radab Windex[36]
July
- July 9 - Prescott Pusher[38]
- July 12 - Avid Amphibian[38]
- July 25 - Politechnika Warszawska PW-2[38]
- July 29 – Kawasaki T-4[38]
August
- August 1 - PZL Krosno KR-03 Puchatek[38]
- August 30 – Bell D-292 85-24371[38]
September
- September 19 - Gulfstream IV[38]
- September 19 - Centrair 201 Marianne[38]
October
- October 6 - Ultimate Aircraft 10 Dash[38]
- October 8 - Mudry CAP 230[38]
- October 15 – Fairchild Republic T-46[39]
- October 28 - NAL Asuka[38]
December
Entered service
June
- June 22 – Sukhoi Su-27 (NATO reporting name "Flanker") with the Soviet Air Forces
December
- December 3 – ATR-42 with Air Littoral
Deadliest crash
1985 remains one of the deadliest years in aviation history. The deadliest of this year was
Gunma prefecture, Japan, on 12 August, killing 520 of the 524 people on board; the accident was the deadliest of the 1980s decade, and remains the deadliest single-aircraft accident in aviation history. The second deadliest of the 1980s took place only weeks before, when Air India Flight 182, also a Boeing 747, was destroyed by a terrorist bomb over the Atlantic Ocean west of Ireland on 23 June, killing all 329 people on board. August 1985 remains the worst single month for commercial aviation fatalities in history. Largely accounting for Flights 123, 182 and the 12 December crash of Arrow Air Flight 1285R (256 fatalities), a total of 2,010 people were killed in commercial aviation accidents in 1985; the second highest in commercial aviation history since 1942; only 1972 had more fatalities (2,373).[41]
References
- ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, p. 217.
- The News and Courier. January 21, 1985. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ TWA History Timeline Archived April 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ globalsecurity.org ETOPS: Extended Range Operation with Two-Engine Airplanes
- Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e planecrashinfo.com Famous People Who Died in Aviation Accidents: 1980s
- ^ ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, p. 206.
- ^ Cordesman and Wagner, p. 521.
- ^ a b Cordesman and Wagner, p. 202.
- ^ Cordesman and Wagner, p. 203.
- ^ Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Standing Committee on External Affairs and International Trade (1984). Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence of the Standing Committee on External Affairs and International Trade. Queen's Printer = Imprimeur de la reine. p. 4.
- ^ Cordesman and Wagner, p. 205.
- ^ Polmar, Norman, "Stars of David and Red Stars," Naval History, February 2013, p. 12.
- ^ Polmar, Norman, "Stars of David and Red Stars," Naval History, February 2013, p. 13.
- ^ Account of incident from USA Today.
- ^ Stevens, William K. (May 14, 1983). "Police Drop Bomb on Radicals' Home in Philadelphia". New York Times. Archived from the original on June 12, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- TIME magazine. Archived from the originalon December 3, 2007. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, p. 209.
- ^ Revista cubana de derecho (in Spanish). Instituto Cubano del Libro. 1989. p. 216.
- ^ Robert Gearty (September 21, 2019), "Greek police arrest suspect in 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking", Fox News, retrieved September 21, 2019
- ISBN 82-990400-1-9.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ United States. President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism (1990). Report to the President. The Commission. p. 168.
- JSTOR 23018688.
- ^ ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, p. 211.
- ^ Grier, Peter, "The Flying Tomato Can," Air Force Magazine, February 2009.
- ^ Dr. Raymond L. Puffer, The Death of a Satellite, [1], Retrieved on November 3, 2007.
- ^ ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, pp. 211–212.
- ISBN 0-87021-918-9, p. 66.
- ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, p. 212.
- ^ "Passengers, Crew in Soviet Hijacking All Safe". Los Angeles Times. December 26, 1985. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
- ^ Anonymous, "Today in History," The Washington Post Express, December 27, 2012, p. 22.
- ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, pp. 211, 212.
- ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, p. 279.
- ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, pp. 339.
- ^ Taylor 1986, pp. 202–203
- ^ a b Taylor 1985, p. [67]
- ^ Taylor 1986, p. 278
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Taylor 1986, p. [67]
- ^ "T-46A is flown". Flight International October 26, 1985, p. 8.
- ISBN 0-7607-0592-5, p. 23.
- ^ "Infographic: People killed in commercial plane crashes since 1942".
- ISBN 0-7106-0821-7.
- Taylor, John W. R., ed. (1986). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1986–87. London: Jane's Yearbooks. ISBN 0-7106-0835-7.