1969 in aviation
Years in aviation :
|
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 |
Centuries: | 19th century · 20th century · 21st century |
Decades: | 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s |
Years: | 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 |
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1969.
Events
- The Canadian aerobaticteam is formed.
- A fifth annual Harmon Trophy is created to honor the world's outstanding astronaut of the year and is awarded for the first time, honoring the outstanding astronauts of 1968.
- Interflug begins operation of the Tupolev Tu-134, its first jet airliner.
January
- January 1 – Agrolet is renamed Slov-Air.
- January 2
- A
- Three hijackers take control of
- January 5 – The flight crew of , England, killing 48 of the 62 people on board and two people on the ground. All 14 survivors are injured, as is one person on the ground.
- January 7 – A male passenger hijacks Baranquilla, Colombia, the airliner continues to Cuba, landing at Santiago de Cuba.[3]
- January 9 – Saying he hates the Bahamas with 79 people on board, and demands to be flown to Cuba. He holds a flight attendant hostage with a 7-inch (17.8-cm) switchblade until disembarking in Cuba, where he is imprisoned.[4][5]
- January 11
- Believing himself to be a key operative in a large conspiracy by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency to assassinate Fidel Castro, Robert "Red" Helmey enters the cockpit of United Airlines Flight 459 – a Boeing 727 flying from Savannah, Georgia, to Miami, Florida, with 20 people on board – with a .38-caiber pistol and orders the flight crew to fly him to Havana, Cuba. The Cubans imprison him upon arrival, keeping him in solitary confinement for 109 days before allowing him to return to the United States.[6][7]
- A hijacker takes control of an Convair CV-990 Coronado flying from Panama City, Panama, to Miami, Florida, and forces it to fly to Cuba.[8]
- January 13
- With its cockpit crew so occupied with attempting to diagnose the lack of a Flight 933 with 45 people on board, crashes in Santa Monica Bay6 miles (9.7 km) short of the runway and breaks into three pieces, two of which sink immediately. Fifteen people die, and 17 of the 30 survivors are injured.
- Accompanied by his three-year-old son, Kenneth McPeek jams a sawed-off Detroit, Michigan, to Miami, Florida, with 77 people on board – and demands that it fly to Cuba. As the flight attendant informs the pilot of the hijacking, she closes the door to the cockpit, locking McPeek out. With McPeek not threatening anyone after that, the captain lands at Miami, where McPeek surrenders quietly.[9][10]
- With its cockpit crew so occupied with attempting to diagnose the lack of a
- January 14
- The United States Navy announces that the Grumman F-14 Tomcat has won the competition for a new long-range fleet air defense fighter.[11]
- Off F-4 Phantom II aboard the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CVN-65) explodes after being overheated by an aircraft start unit mounted to a tow tractor.[12][13] The explosion sets off fires and additional explosions across the flight deck, killing 27 and injuring 314 men and knocking the ship out of action until 1 March.[14]
- January 18 – United Airlines Flight 266, a Boeing 727-22C, crashes into Santa Monica Bay off the coast of California four minutes after takeoff from Los Angeles International Airport. All 38 people on board die.
- January 19
- A hijacker commandeers Eastern Airlines Flight 9, a Douglas DC-8 with 171 people on board flying from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to Miami, Florida, and forces it to fly to Cuba.[15]
- Ten hijackers take control of an Ecuatoriana Lockheed L-188 Electra during a domestic flight in Ecuador from Guayaquil to Quito, demanding to be flown to Cuba.[15]
- January 22 – The U.S. 9th Marine Regiment begins Operation Dewey Canyon – an operation dependent completely on helicopters – in South Vietnam's Da Krong Valley. It will conclude on March 19, rated as the 9th Marines′ most successful operation of the Vietnam War.[16]
- January 24 – A hijacker commandeers Key West, Florida, to New York City with 47 people on board, and forces it to fly to Cuba.[17]
- January 28
- Armed with a .38-caliber
- Armed with a single revolver, Everett White, Noble Mason, and Larry Brooks hijack Eastern Airlines Flight 121 – a Douglas DC-8 flying from
- January 31 – A hijacker commandeers National Airlines Flight 44, a Douglas DC-8 flying from
February
- February 3
- Armed with a sugar cane fields. After the captain tells Peparo that the Cubans will imprison them for 25 years, they agree to land in Miami instead, where they release all the passengers. U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation agents then storm the plane and arrest them.[23][24]
- Four hijackers commandeer Eastern Airlines Flight 7, a Boeing 727 flying from Newark, New Jersey, to Miami, Florida, and demand to be flown to Cuba.[25]
- Armed with a
- February 4 – The last surviving XB-70 Valkyrie – the U.S. Air Force's XB-70A Air Vehicle 1 (AV-1) – makes its last flight, a subsonic trip from Edwards Air Force Base, California, to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, where it is retired and will be placed on display at what is now the National Museum of the United States Air Force.
- February 5 – A male passenger hijacks
- February 8 – Demanding to be flown to Cuba, a hijacker attempts to take control of a Douglas DC-6 airliner during a flight in Mexico from Mexico City to Villahermosa, but is subdued.[27]
- February 10 – Armed with a Eastern Airlines Flight 950 – a Douglas DC-8 with 119 people on board flying from San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Miami, Florida – and demands that it fly him to Cuba so that he can be with his ailing father. The 230-pound (100 kg) professional wrestler Larry "Abdullah the Butcher" Shreve, a passenger on the plane, moves to subdue the 300-pound (140 kg) Alvarez, but 170-pound (77 kg) steward Vincent Doccolo interposes himself between the two men and manages to talk Shreve out of it. After the plane lands at Havana, Cuba, its passengers are detained for five hours, but then are allowed to depart aboard the same plane – a break from the Cuban policy in the nine previous U.S. airliner hijackings in 1969 and most of the 14 such occurrences in 1968, in which Cuban authorities had required passengers to disembark and await transportation back to the United States aboard a different aircraft.[28][29][30]
- February 11 – Three hijackers take control of a Douglas DC-9 flying from San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Miami, Florida, and force it to fly to Cuba.[31]
- February 18
- Four members of the first officer and injuring six other people. An Israeli undercover security guard on the plane opens fire on the attackers from a cockpit window, then gets off the plane and continues to fire on them, killing their leader before Swiss police arrive and arrest him and the three surviving attackers. The incident reveals for the first time that armed security personnel ride aboard Israeli airliners.
- Hawthorne Nevada Airlines Flight 708, a Douglas DC-3, crashes into a sheer cliff face on Mount Whitney near Lone Pine, California, killing all 35 people on board. The plane's wreckage will not be found until August 8.
- Four members of the
- February 24 – Tainan City on Taiwan. Before reaching the airport, the plane belly-landsin a clearing in a wooded area, skids into a creek, breaks into three pieces, and catches fire, killing all 36 people on board.
- February 25 – Shortly after takeoff from Atlanta, Georgia, a male passenger armed with a .22-caliber pistol hijacks Eastern Airlines Flight 955, a Douglas DC-8 bound for Miami, Florida, and forces it to fly to Havana, Cuba, where he remains after the airliner returns to the United States.[32]
March
- During March, the Indonesian airline PT Sempati Air Transport begins flight operations, using Douglas DC-3 aircraft. In 1994 it will change its name to Sempati Air.
- March 1
- The Republic-of-China-government-owned Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation (AIDC), is established in Taiwan.[33]
- The U.S. Army's A Shau Valley. It will continue until May 8.[34]
- The
- March 3 – The Naval Air Station Miramar, California, to improve its fighter pilots′ dogfightingskills. The school will become popularly known as "TOPGUN."
- March 5 – Miami, Florida, robs several passengers, and forces the airliner to fly to Havana, Cuba. Unknown to him, one of his robbery victims is a Cuban intelligence operative, from whom he steals US$1,700 in cash in a briefcase, and as a result he is imprisoned for 11 years in Cuba before returning to the United States in 1980, claiming that his superiors in the Black Panther Party had ordered him to hijack the airliner as part of a mission to arrange for the purchase of bazookas.[35][36]
- March 8 – President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser formally announces the beginning of the War of Attrition with Israel, although the war in reality has been in progress since July 1, 1967. It largely will consist of combat between Israeli Air Force aircraft and Egyptian surface-to-air missiles.[37]
- March 11
- Two explosions occur in the tourist-class passenger compartment of an Frankfurt-am-Main, West Germany,[38] injuring several cleaning women.[39] The Eritrean Liberation Front claims responsibility, saying the explosions are retribution for the transportation of Ethiopian troops into Eritrea aboard Ethiopian Airlines aircraft.[39]
- A male passenger hijacks
- The original Golden West Airlines ceases operations. Aero Commuter acquires several of its assets, including its name, and becomes the new Golden West Airlines.
- Two explosions occur in the tourist-class passenger compartment of an
- March 16
- Viasa Flight 742, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30, is unable to gain altitude after takeoff from Maracaibo, Venezuela, strikes power lines, and crashes into the La Trinidad section of the city, killing all 84 people on board and 71 people on the ground. San Francisco Giants pitcher Néstor Chávez is among the dead. The combined death toll of 155 makes it the deadliest aviation accident in history at the time.
- Shortly after takeoff from Aerocondor Colombia Flight 131, a Douglas DC-6 (registration HK-754) with 45 people on board, and forces it to fly to Camagüey, Cuba.[41]
- March 17
- Four hijackers commandeer a Faucett Perú Boeing 727 during a domestic flight in Peru from Lima to Arequipa and force it to fly to Havana, Cuba.[42]
- Armed with a shoebox full of Atlanta Georgia, to Charleston, South Carolina, with a stop at Augusta, Georgia – during the Atlanta-to-Augusta segment of the flight and orders the pilot to fly him to Havana, Cuba. He also asks the pilot not to tell the passengers that a hijacking is in progress, so the pilot tells the passengers that the airliner is returning to Atlanta due to bad weather at Charleston. Upon arrival at Havana, the DC-9 parks next to the Faucett Perú Boeing 727 hijacked earlier in the day. Sandlin disembarks and is imprisoned by Cuban authorities.[42][43]
- March 18 – In North Vietnamese Armysanctuaries there.
- March 18–19 – The Royal Air Force airlifts 300 troops to Anguilla in response to the civil unrest that had broken out on the island.
- March 19 – To celebrate his 26th birthday, Douglas Alton Dickey draws a .22-caliber New Orleans, Louisiana, with 97 people on board – and demands that it fly him to Cuba. He agrees to allow the passengers to disembark at New Orleans first. As they do, one of them, a U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation agent, overpowers Dickey and arrests him.[45][46]
- March 20 – A , killing 100 of the 105 people on board and injuring all five survivors.
- March 25 – A hijacker commandeers Delta Air Lines Flight 821, a San Diego, California, with 114 people on board, and forces it to fly to Cuba.[47]
April
- April 1 – Air Jamaica begins flight operations.
- April 2 – , Poland, killing all 53 people on board.
- April 11 – Three hijackers commandeer a Douglas DC-6 airliner flying from Guayaquil to Quito, Ecuador, with 59 people on board and force it to fly to Havana, Cuba.[48]
- April 13 – Four hijackers take control of
- April 14 – Three hijackers commandeer a Baranquilla and force it to fly to Havana, Cuba.[50]
- April 15 – A North Korean MiG-17 (NATO reporting name "Fresco") shoots down a U.S. Air Force EC-121M Warning Star reconnaissance aircraft over the Sea of Japan, killing all 31 men on board.
- April 27 – President of Bolivia René Barrientos dies when his helicopter strikes high-tension lines and crashes in the canyon of the Arque River near Arque, Bolivia.[51]
- April 28 – Concentrating excessively on their LAN Chile Flight 160, a Boeing 727, neglects to check its instruments and fails to notice that the aircraft has descended below its intended glidepath. The aircraft strikes the ground near Colina, Chile, and is destroyed in the crash that follows, although all 60 people on board survive.
- April 30 – A Seaboard World Airlines Douglas DC-8 with 219 passengers and 13 crewmembers lands by mistake at South Vietnam's Marble Mountain Air Facility when it had actually been cleared to land at the nearby Da Nang Air Base. After fuel and passengers are offloaded, the plane is towed to the north overrun and departs five hours after landing.
May
- May 4–11 – The F-4 Phantom II, taking 4 hours 47 minutes.
- May 5 – Wanted in
- May 7 – The airline NAYSA begins operations.
- May 10 – The A Shau Valley with a helicopter assault on North Vietnamese forces. It will lead to the Battle of Hamburger Hill.[16]
- May 20 – Three passengers hijack an Baranquilla, Colombia, the airliner flies lies to Havana.[54]
- May 26
- Three hijackers commandeer Northeast Airlines Flight 6, a Boeing 727 with 20 people on board flying from Miami, Florida, to New York City, and forces it to fly to Cuba.[55]
- The U.S. Army cancels the Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne attack helicopterprogram, worth $US 900 million.
- May 30 – A lone hijacker aboard a
June
- June 4
- Two
- Mexicana Flight 704, a Boeing 727-64, crashes on approach to Monterrey, Mexico, killing all 79 people on board. Among the dead is Mexican tennis star Rafael Osuna.
- June 5
- The American bombing of North Vietnam resumes after a seven-month pause.
- The Tupolev Tu-144 makes its first supersonic flight.
- The U.S. Air Force's one-of-a-kind crashes in the Bering Sea, killing all 19 men on board.
- June 17 – Black Panther Party member William Lee Brent hijacks Trans World Airlines Flight 154, a Boeing 707 with 89 people on board flying from Oakland, California, to New York City and forces it to take him to Havana, Cuba. He will reside in Cuba until his death in 2006.[58]
- June 18 – Three members of the Eritrean Liberation Front attack an Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 707 on the ground at Karachi, Pakistan, claiming that they wished to publicize their opposition to Ethiopian rule in Eritrea. They damage the aircraft, but no one is injured in the attack.[39]
- June 20 – Three passengers hijack Baranquilla, Colombia, the airliner flies to Santiago de Cuba in Cuba.[59]
- June 22 – Three hijackers commandeer
- June 25 – Shortly after takeoff from Los Angeles, California, a hijacker takes control of United Airlines Flight 14, a Douglas DC-8 with 58 people on board flying to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City while it is over Riverside, California, and forces it to fly to Havana, Cuba.[61]
- June 28 – Armed only with a Baltimore, Maryland, to Tampa, Florida – and forces it to fly to Havana, Cuba, saying that he is dressed in Bermuda shorts and sandals so that he can go to the beach as soon as he gets there. Cuban authorities jail him until they return him to the United States in November.[62][63]
July
- The Royal Air Force's No. 1 Squadron becomes the first operational fixed-wing vertical-take-off-or-landing (VTOL) squadron in the world.
- Prince Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos.[64]
- July 1 – The Grumman Aerospace Corporation.[65]
- July 3 – Thirteen hijackers aboard a SAETA Douglas DC-3 during a domestic flight in Ecuador from Tulcán to Quito demand to be flown to Cuba.[66]
- July 10
- A 16-year-old boy attempts to hijack Baranquilla, Colombia, for a domestic flight to Santa Marta and demands that it fly him to Cuba. A crew member and a passenger subdue him, and the airliner returns to Baranquilla.[67]
- After SAM Colombia Flight 202, a Douglas C-54B-1-DC Skymaster (registration HK-558) with 26 people aboard, begins its descent to Bogotá, Colombia, at the end of a domestic flight from Cali, a hijacker demanding to flown to Cuba attempts to seize control of the plane. He is overpowered, and the airliner lands at Bogotá.[68]
- A 16-year-old boy attempts to hijack
- July 17 – The last air-to-air combat between piston-engined fighters takes place, when F-51 Mustang – during the Football War (or "Soccer War") between El Salvador and Honduras. Soto becomes the only person to score an air-to-air kill during the war, the only person to score three air-to-air kills during a war in the Western Hemisphere, and the last person to score a kill in combat between two propeller-driven aircraft.[69]
- July 20 – Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first and second men to walk on the Moon.
- July 26
- A
- Armed with a knife, 28-year-old Joseph Crawford hijacks
- Two hijackers take control of Mexicana de Aviación Flight 623, a Douglas DC-6 (registration XA-JOT) with 32 people aboard flying from Minatitlán to Villahermosa, Mexico, and force it to fly to Havana, Cuba.[73]
- July 29 – A 24-year-old man dressed in women's clothing draws a gun and attempts to hijack an airliner just after takeoff from Managua, Nicaragua. He is overpowered, and the plane returns to Managua.[74]
- July 31
- The Eritrean Liberation Front warns travelers not to fly on Ethiopian Airlines.[39]
- A prisoner escorted by two federal agents aboard razor blade an uses it to take a female flight attendant hostage. He forces the plane to fly him to Havana, Cuba.[75]
August
- Republic of Vietnam Air Force's 817th Combat Squadron takes over control of 16 Douglas AC-47 Spooky aircraft transferred from the United States Air Force.[76]
- August 1 – Trans World Airlines initiates transpacific and around-the-world service.[77]
- August 4 – Three passengers Baranquilla, Colombia, before proceeding to Santiago de Cuba in Cuba.[78]
- August 5 – John Scott McReery, a 73-year-old passenger aboard Douglas DC-9 with 70 people on board flying from Charlotte, North Carolina, to Tampa, Florida – walks into the cockpit shortly after takeoff armed with 5-inch (12.7-cm) straight razor and a knife and says "Let's go to Cuba" to the flight crew. After the pilot tells him that the airliner lacks the fuel to reach Cuba, McReery returns to his seat and acts as if nothing had happened for the rest of the flight. He is arrested after the plane lands in Tampa, and tells the police that he did not actually want to go to Cuba and merely wanted to see if he had the courage to simulate a hijacking. McReery becomes the oldest person to attempt to hijack an aircraft.[79][80]
- August 11 – Seven hijackers commandeer an Ethiopian Airlines Douglas DC-3 during a domestic flight from Bahir Dar to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and force it to fly to Khartoum, Sudan.[81]
- August 14 – Miami, Florida, is over the Atlantic Ocean about 40 miles (64 km) east of Jacksonville, Florida, when two male passengers armed with a gun and a knife hijack it. They force it to fly to Havana, Cuba, where they disembark from the plane.[82]
- August 15 – Operation About Face begins in Laos. Air America helicopters airlift Meo and Thai guerrillas led by Vang Pao behind enemy positions while the Royal Lao Army pushes across the Plain of Jars. Heavy American air support peaks at 300 sorties per day.[64]
- August 16
- Four hijackers take control of an
- F8F Bearcat named Conquest I. His record speed of 478 mph (769 km/h) topples the piston-engined speed record set by a pilot in Nazi Germany that had stood since August 1939.
- August 18 – Six hijackers take control of a
- August 23 – Shortly after Avianca Flight 675, a Hawker Siddeley HS-748-245 Series 2A (registration HK-1408) with 27 people on board, takes off from Bucaramanga, Colombia, for a domestic flight to Bogotá, two hijackers commandeer it and demand to be flown to Cuba. The airliner stops to refuel at Baranquilla, Colombia, before proceeding to Santiago de Cuba in Cuba.[85]
- August 29
- Thinking that Israeli Trans World Airlines Flight 840, a Boeing 707-331B on a flight from Rome, Italy, to Tel Aviv, Israel, with 127 people aboard. Rabin is not aboard, and the hijackers force the plane to land in Damascus, Syria, where they release all the hostages unharmed except for two Israeli passengers and blow up the aircraft's nose section. The two Israelis eventually will be set free unharmed in December.
- Accompanied by his wife and three children aboard
- Thinking that Israeli
- August 31 – World champion boxer Rocky Marciano dies along with two other people when the privately owned Cessna 172H Skyhawk in which he is a passenger strikes a lone oak tree and crashes while its inexperienced pilot is attempting to land at night in bad weather at a small airfield outside Newton, Iowa.[51]
September
- September 1 – Kingdom of Libya Airlines is renamed Libyan Arab Airlines. It will operate under that name until 2006, when it will be renamed Libyan Airlines.
- September 6 – Twelve men and a woman, some armed with government riots at the University of Guayaquil. They divert both planes to a refueling stop at La Florida Airport in Tumaco, Colombia, where they leave the DC-3 behind, and continue aboard the C-47 to refueling stops at Panama City, Panama, and Kingston, Jamaica, before arriving at Santiago de Cuba in Cuba.[88][89]
- September 7 – Ninety minutes after takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, a male passenger pulls a gun and hijacks Eastern Air Lines Flight 925, a Douglas DC-8-61 flying to San Juan, Puerto Rico, with 96 people on board. He forces it to fly to Havana, Cuba.[90][89]
- September 9 – Piper PA-28 near Fairland, Indiana. Both aircraft crash, killing the lone occupant of the PA-28 and all 82 people aboard the DC-9.
- September 10 – A young Puerto Rican man attempts to hijack Eastern Air Lines Flight 929, a Douglas DC-8 flying from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to San Juan, Puerto Rico, with 202 people on board. He demands to be flown to Cuba, but passengers and crew members subdue him, and the airliner lands safely at San Juan.[91][89]
- September 12 – Philippines. It crashes, killing 45 of the 47 people on board and injuring both survivors. It will be the deadliest accident involving a BAC One-Eleven until 2002.
- September 13
- Three members of the Eritrean Liberation Front hijack an Ethiopian Airlines Douglas DC-6 flying from Honduras from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to Djibouti City, Djibouti, with 44 people on board, and forces it to fly to Aden, South Yemen. An Ethiopian security guard on board shoots and wounds one of the hijackers during the flight to Aden. The authorities arrest the hijackers when the airliner arrives in Aden. One person is killed during the hijacking.[92][93]
- A hijacker commandeers a SAHSA Douglas C-47-DL Skytrain (registration HR-SAH) making a domestic flight in Honduras from La Ceiba to Tegucigalpa with 35 people on board and forces it to fly to San Salvador, El Salvador.[91][93]
- September 16 – Two passengers hijack a Turkish Airlines Vickers 749D Viscount (registration TC-SEC) shortly after it takes off from Istanbul, Turkey, for a domestic flight to Ankara with 61 people on board. They force it to divert to Sofia, Bulgaria.[94][93]
- September 20 – On approach to F-4 Phantom II 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) northwest of the airport. The C-54 crashes into a plowed field, killing 74 of the 75 people on board and two people working in the field.[95]
- September 21 – A , becomes airborne again, then crashes on a railway embankment, killing 27 of the 118 people on board.
- September 24 – A
- September 26 – A Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano Douglas DC-6B (registration CP-698) crashes into the side of Bolivia's Mount Choquetanga, 176 kilometers (109 miles) southeast of La Paz, at an altitude of 15,500 feet (4,700 meters), killing all 79 people on board including 16 members of the Bolivian football (soccer) team The Strongest. The airliner's wreckage is not found until September 29. At the time, it is the deadliest aviation accident in Bolivian history.[51][97]
October
- The Miami, Florida.
- October 8
- A
- Four hijackers take control of a Cruzeiro do Sul Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle (registration PP-PDX) with 49 people on board during a domestic flight in Brazil from Belém to Manaus and force it to fly to Havana, Cuba.[99]
- October 9 – A hijacker commandeers Los Angeles, California, to Miami, Florida, and forces it to fly to Cuba.[100]
- October 19 – Two hijackers take control of a LOT Polish Airlines Antonov An-24B flying from Warsaw, Poland, to East Berlin, East Germany, and force it to divert to Berlin Tegel Airport in West Berlin.[101]
- October 20 – inertial navigation system on its aircraft, becoming the first airline to dispense with the need for a navigatoraboard.
- October 21 – Enamored with Thomas Slade, Jr. – as it is flying over the Yucatán Peninsula. He forces it to fly him to Havana, Cuba. He will commit suicide in Cuba in September 1970 at the age of 18.[102][103]
- October 28 – An Aerotaxi SA Beechcraft 65-B80 Queen Air (registration HK-1022) with five people aboard is hijacked during a domestic flight in Colombia from Buenaventura to Bogotá and forced to fly to Santiago de Cuba in Cuba.[104]
- October 31 – Facing a wristwatches from the United States Marine Corps as retribution for $200 in pay he believes his Marine Corps paymaster has shorted him, Raffaele Minichiello uses an M1 Garand rifle to hijack Trans World Airlines Flight 85, a Boeing 707 with 47 people on board flying from Los Angeles to San Francisco, California. He orders it to fly him to New York City, but during a refueling stop at Denver, Colorado – during which he releases the passengers – Minichiello informs the crew that he actually wants the airliner to take him to Rome, Italy. When the jet stops at New York City′s John F. Kennedy International Airport to refuel again, Federal Bureau of Investigation agents wearing bulletproof vests surround the plane, but they back off after he fires his rifle through the plane's roof. The airliner takes off and stops at Bangor, Maine, and Shannon, Ireland, before arriving at Rome, where Minichiello takes a carabinieri officer hostage, steals a police car, and escapes. Arrested at a rural church on November 2, he becomes an Italian folk hero.[105][106]
November
- November 4
- Two Grand Cayman Island in the Cayman Islands.[107]
- Six hijackers take control of
- Two
- November 8 – During a refueling stop at political asylum.[110]
- November 10 – Fourteen-year-old David Booth pulls out a Chicago, Illinois, with 73 people on board. He demands to be flown to Sweden. The pilot taxis the airliner away from the gate before revealing to Booth that the plane lacks the range to fly there. After 90 minutes of negotiations during which Booth demands to be flown to Mexico instead, he releases House and surrenders to police.[111][112]
- November 12
- Finmeccanica. Aeritalia will become fully operational in January 1972.[113]
- A hijacker commandeers a Cruzeiro do Sul NAMC YS-11A-202 (registration PP-CTL) during a domestic flight in Brazil from Manaus to Belém and forces it to fly to Havana, Cuba.[114]
- Two hijackers attempt to take control of a Sud-Aviation SE-210 Caravelle during a domestic flight in Chile from Santiago to Puerto Montt and demand that it fly them to Cuba. The airliner instead lands safely at Antofagasta, Chile.[115]
- November 13 – Six passengers hijack Baranquilla, Colombia, the airliner flies to Santiago de Cuba in Cuba.[116]
- November 19 – Town of Fort Ann in Washington County, New York, killing all 14 people on board.
- November 20 – Two hijackers commandeer a Wroclaw, Poland, to Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, with 22 people on board and force it to fly them to Vienna, Austria.[117]
- November 29 – A hijacker takes control of Varig Flight 827, a Boeing 707-345C (registration PP-VJX) flying from Paris, France, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and forces it to fly to Havana, Cuba.[109] It is the second time during the month that Boeing 707 PP-VJX has been hijacked.[108][109]
December
- The Republic of Vietnam Air Force and Laos's Royal Lao Air Force fly all future AC-47 missions during the Southeast Asian conflict.[76]
- December 2 – A
- December 3 – Trans World Airlines opens the Breech Academy – also called the Breech Training Academy – in Overland Park, Kansas, for the training of flight attendants, ticket agents, and pilots.[77]
- December 4 – The Tokyo Convention – officially the "Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft" – goes into effect. It establishes that at least one state, specifically the one in which the aircraft is registered, will take jurisdiction over the suspect in the event of an in-flight criminal offense that jeopardizes the safety of an aircraft or people on an aircraft during international air navigation or an intention to commit such an offense, and it provides for situations in which other states may also have jurisdiction. It also recognizes certain powers and immunities of the pilot in command, who on international flights may restrain any person or persons he or she has reasonable cause to believe is committing or is about to commit an offense liable to interfere with the safety of persons or property on board the aircraft or who is jeopardizing good order and discipline aboard the aircraft, the first time this has been recognized in international aviation law.
- December 9 – An F-4 Phantom II for the first time.[119]
- December 11 – A Korean Air Lines NAMC YS-11 with 50 other people on board and forces it to fly to Sǒndǒk Airfield near Wonsan, North Korea. North Korea returns 39 of the passengers to South Korea 66 days later, but never returns the crew of four or the other seven passengers, which is viewed in South Korea as an example of North Korean abductions of South Koreans.
- December 12 – Thirty minutes after an Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 707 takes off from Madrid, Spain, bound for Athens, Greece, Eritrean Liberation Front member Hamed Shenen gets up from his seat with a handgun and orders the flight crew to fly the plane to Aden in South Yemen. The pilot explains that the plane will have to refuel at Rome, but does not receive permission to land there, and a plainclothes security guard then enters the cockpit and shoots Shenen, after which a second security guard shoots Shenen six more times, killing him. Shenen's accomplice Mahmoud Suliman rushes toward the cockpit armed with a knife, and the security guards shoot him to death as well. It is the first time that aircraft hijackers have been killed aboard a plane in flight. The plane's 15 passengers celebrate the hijackers′ deaths by drinking champagne, and the airliner lands safely in Athens. The Eritrean Liberation Front claims responsibility for the hijacking, saying that the hijackers merely intended to hand out propaganda leaflets to the passengers.[39][120][121]
- December 18 – The Britten-Norman Islander.[citation needed]
- December 19 – A hijacker commandeers a
- December 20 – The highest-scoring OV-10 Bronco. The North Vietnamese Air Forcecredits him with nine victories, while the United States confirms seven.
- December 21 – Three members of the People's Front for the Liberation of Palestine are caught trying to board a Trans World Airlines Boeing 707 at Athens, Greece, for a flight to Rome and New York City with guns and dynamite in their hand luggage. They had planned to hijack the airliner, divert it to Tunis in Tunisia, and blow it up to protest the support of the United States for Israel.[39]
- December 22 – An explosion in the lavatory of an Air Vietnam Douglas DC-6B in mid-flight damages the braking system. When the aircraft lands at Nha Trang Airport in Nha Trang, South Vietnam, it goes off the end of the runway and strikes a concrete pylon, dwellings, and a school, killing 10 of the 77 people on board and 24 people on the ground, and injuring many more.[123][124]
- December 23 – A hijacker takes control of a LACSA Curtiss C-46 Commando during a domestic flight in Costa Rica from Puerto Limón to San José and forces it to fly to San Andreas, Cuba.[118]
- December 26 – A hijacker commandeers
First flights
- Lockheed YO-3
January
- January 3 – SOCATA ST 60[126]
February
- February 9 – Boeing 747[126]
- February 12 – Mil Mi V-12
March
- Aero Boero AB-115
- March 2 – BAC-Aérospatiale Concorde[127]
- March 17 – Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama[128]
April
- Bell UH-1N Iroquois "Twin Huey"
- April 3 – Robin HR100[126]
- April 16 – Let L-410 Turbolet[126]
- April 24 – Anderson Kingfisher
May
- May 1 – Gazuit-Valladeau GV-103[126]
- May 7 – Westland Sea King
- May 13 – Conroy Turbo Three[126]
- May 19 – Beagle B.125 Bulldog[129]
- May 30 - ICA IS-23[130]
June
- Beechcraft Baron Model 58[131]
- June 27 – Interceptor 400
July
- July 1 – Sukhoi Su-17 (NATO reporting name "Fitter-C")
August
- August 18 – Cierva CR Twin G-AWRP
- August 25 – Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner
- August 30 – Tupolev Tu-22M
September
- Antonov An-14M, prototype of the Antonov An-28 ("Cash")[132]
- September 15 – Cessna FanJet500, the prototype which led to the Cessna Citation.
- September 19 – Mil Mi-24, the most widely exported helicopter gunship.
Entered service
- Lockheed YO-3 with the United States Army
- Mid-1969 – Beriev Be-30 (NATO reporting name "Cuff") with Aeroflot
March
- Braathens SAFE[133]
May
- May 23 – Bell OH-58 Kiowa with United States Army[134]
August
- Beechcraft King Air Model 100[135]
October
- October 2 – Hawker-Siddeley Nimrod
Retirements
- United States Air National Guard[136]
February
- February 4 – North American XB-70 Valkyrie by the United States Air Force
Deadliest crash
The deadliest crash of this year was Viasa Flight 742, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 which crashed shortly after takeoff from Maracaibo, Venezuela on 16 March, killing all 84 people on board, as well as 71 on the ground. This was the deadliest civil accident in the 1960s decade, and was at the time the world's deadliest civil aviation disaster.
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