1934 in aviation
Years in aviation :
|
1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 |
| Centuries: | 19th century · 20th century · 21st century |
| Decades: | |
| Years: | 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 |
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1934:
Events
- Sir grapnel fired from the receiving aircraft. It is the first practical aerial refueling system, and will not be replaced until the probe-and-drogue system is perfected in 1945.[1]
- At Yokosuka, Japan, the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy hold the first of three annual interservice competitions in air combat techniques.[2]
- The Mitsubishi Aircraft Company Ltd. is merged back into its parent company, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.[3]
January
- January 10–11 – A flight of six United States Navy Consolidated P2Y flying boats sets a new distance record for formation flying of 2,400 miles (3,900 km) between San Francisco, and Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii. They also set a new speed record for this crossing of 24 hours 35 minutes.
- January 15 – On the final leg of a flight that began on 5 January in Lyons, France – the Air France Dewoitine D.332 Emeraude (registration F-AMMY) strikes a hill and crashes in a snowstorm at Corbigny, France, while flying from Lyons to Paris–Le Bourget Airport outside Paris, killing all ten people on board.[4]
- January 30 – Soviet aeronauts Pavel Fedosenko, Andrey Vasenko, and Ilya Usyskin take the hydrogen-filled high-altitude balloon Osoaviakhim-1 on its maiden flight to a record-setting altitude of 72,182 feet (22,001 meters), where it remains for twelve minutes. The 7-hour 14-minute flight – during which the balloon travels 470 kilometers (290 miles)( from its launch site – ends in tragedy when the crew loses control of the balloon during its descent and the gondola disintegrates and crashes near the village of Potizh-Ostrog in Insarsky District of Mordovian Autonomous Oblast in the Soviet Union, killing the crew.[5][6]
February
- February 1 – South African Airways is founded.
- February 3 – Deutsche Luft Hansa begins the first regular airmail service across the Atlantic Ocean, between Berlin and Rio de Janeiro.
- February 7
- The first airmail flight between Australia and New Zealand is made by Avro Ten, taking 14 hours 10 minutes.
- Germany begins a regular air mail service between Africa and South America, employing Dornier flying boats catapulted from depot ships. Dornier Do 26s will later fly the route without the assistance of ships, and various Dornier flying boats will complete over 300 crossings before the outbreak of World War II brings the service to an end in 1939.[7]
- The first airmail flight between Australia and New Zealand is made by
- February 9 – Hoover Administration during the negotiations of those contracts.[8]
- February 18 – The American World War I ace Eddie Rickenbacker and a Transcontinental & Western Air team including Jack Frye, "Tommy" Tomlinson, Larry Fritz, Paul E. Richter, Si Morehouse, Harlan Hull, John Collings, and Andy Andrews, set a new record for a transcontinental flight across the United States, flying the Douglas DC-1 from Burbank, California, to Newark, New Jersey, in 13 hours 4 minutes.
- February 19 – The United States Army Air Corps begins flying U.S. airmail in the wake of President Roosevelt's cancellation of all U.S. Air Mail contracts.[8]
- February 26 – In the first week of U.S. Army Air Corps delivery of U.S. Air Mail, five Army aviators have been killed in accidents. The death rate highlights the lack of training of most U.S. Army pilots in night and bad-weather flying.[8]
March
- March 7 – Juan de la Cierva lands an autogyro on the Spanish Navy aviation ship Dédalo. It is the first time an autogyro lands on a Spanish ship.[9][10]
- March 9 – All air operations of the United States Customs Service are transferred to the United States Coast Guard.[11]
- March 22
- The wreckage of the Andes Mountains during a severe snowstorm on 16 July 1932, killing all nine people on board, and subsequently been buried in ice and snow – finally is discovered.[12][13]
- The Panagra Ford 5-AT-C Trimotor NC407H suffers engine failure and crashes on takeoff at Lima-Callao International Airport at
- The wreckage of the
April
- Six Soviet and two American airmen rescue the crew of the Soviet commercial icebreaker Chelyuskin from the ice of the Chukchi Sea, where the ship had sunk on February 13.[15]
- April 11 - Caproni Ca 113.[16]
May
- May 7 – U.S. Army Air Corps delivery of U.S. Air Mail comes to an end. During the 78 days of delivering air mail, 12 Army air crew have died in 66 accidents. The losses convince U.S. Army officials of the need to train their pilots in flying at night and in bad weather.[8]
- May 8–23 – de Havilland DH.60and makes the trip in 14 days 22 hours.
- May 9 – An Dungeness, Kent, England, killing all six people on board.
- May 18 – The
- May 19 – The largest heavier-than-air aircraft built anywhere in the 1930s, the 63 meter wingspan, 42 tonne takeoff weight, Andrei Tupolev-designed ANT-20 Maksim Gorki, makes its first flight in the Soviet Union.
- May 28 – French Couzinet 71 flying boats begin the first regular air mail service across the South Atlantic Ocean.[7]
- May 29 – Highland Airways commences the first regular airmail service within the United Kingdom, between Inverness and Kirkwall
June
- June 4 – The U.S. Navy commissions its first purpose-built aircraft carrier, USS Ranger (CV-4).
- June 8 – A professional baseball team travels by air for the first time, when the Cincinnati Reds of the National League fly in a chartered Douglas DC-2 from Cincinnati to Chicago to play the Chicago Cubs.[18]
- June 9 – Flying in fog and thunderstorms during a scheduled flight from American Airways Curtiss T-32 Condor II NC12354 crashes into Last Chance Hill in the Catskill Mountains in New York at an altitude of 2,000 feet (610 meters), killing all seven people on board.[19]
- June 11 – During a flight from Santiago, Chile, to Buenos Aires, Argentina, the Pan American-Grace Airways (Panagra) Ford 5-AT-C Trimotor NC8417 crashes into Argentina's Mar Chiquita Lake during a heavy rainstorm, killing six of the ten people on board.[20]
- June 12 – In the United States, the
- June 23 – The U.S. Army takes delivery of its first six Link Trainers, giving birth to the flight simulator industry.[22]
- June 24 – Airplane designer and racer
- June 26 – The initial flight of the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter, takes place.
- June 29–30 – Brothers Benjamin and Joseph Adamowicz, amateur pilots, fly across the Atlantic Ocean.
July
- July 2 – The Armée de l'Air is separated from the French Air Force, although retaining the name Armée de l'Air.
- July 11 – assisted take off.
- July 15 – Varney Speed Lines (later to be Continental Airlines) makes its first passenger-carrying flight.
- July 19 – parasite fighters from the United States Navy airship USS Macon successfully launch from the airship, scout out the heavy cruiser USS Houston (CA-30), and return to Macon.
- July 19-August 20 – United States Army Air Corps General Henry Arnold leads ten Martin B-10 bombers on an 8,000-mile (12,882-km) proving flight.
- July 26 – United States Army Air Corps Major William E. Kepner, Captain Albert W. Stevens, and Captain Orvil A. Anderson make the "National Geographic Society–U.S. Army Air Corps Stratosphere Flight" in the balloon Explorer in an attempt to set a new world altitude record for human flight. Launching from a depression that becomes known as the "Stratobowl" in Moonlight Valley in the Black Hills near Rapid City, South Dakota, they reach about 60,000 feet (18,000 meters) – about 12,000 feet (3,700 meters) short of the record – before a tear in the balloon forces them to descend over central Nebraska. Eventually, half the gas bag tears away, and they decide to bail out as the balloon passes 4,000 feet (1,200 meters) in a dangerously rapid descent. All three men parachute to safety, the last of them exiting the gondola at an altitude of only about 500 feet (150 meters), before the gondola crashes.[6][24]
- July 27 – During a flight from Zurich-Dübendorf Airport in Switzerland to Stuttgart Airport in Stuttgart, Germany, the Swissair Curtiss T-32 Condor II CH-170 encounters severe turbulence and loses a wing in flight at an altitude of 3,000 meters (9,800 feet). It crashes in a forest near Wurmlingen in Tuttlingen, Germany, and burns, killing all 12 people on board, including the first European female flight attendant Nelly Diener. It is the deadliest civil aviation accident of 1934.[25]
August
- The first National Air Meet for Women takes place at Dayton, Ohio. During a 50-mile (80-km) individual race, aviation record-holder Frances Marsalis dies in a crash at age 29.[26]
- The Società Italiana Servizi Aerei (SISA), and Aero Espresso Italiana (AEI) to create the new airline Ala Littoria as the national airline of Italy.[27]
- August 8–9 – James Ayling and Len Reid make the first non-stop flight from Canada to England, in a de Havilland DH84, taking 30 hours 50 minutes for the flight.
- August 28-September 16 – The fourth and last International Tourist Aircraft Contest RWD-9plane wins.
September
- September 5 – While undergoing inflation with hydrogen gas in Moscow's Kuntsevo District for a planned September 24 ascent to set a new human fight altitude record, the Soviet balloon USSR-2 is destroyed by a fire ignited by a stray spark. The accident prompts the Soviet Union's People's Commissar of Defense, Kliment Voroshilov, to suspend the Soviet Union's high-altitude manned balloon program.[28]
- September 7–16 – As part of Challenge International de Tourisme 1934, a 9,537 km (5,926 mi) race takes place over Europe and North Africa, concluding with a maximum speed trial over a 297 km (185 mi) triangular course on September 16.
- September 14 – The airline Aeronaves de México begins flight operations. Its first flight is from Mexico City to Acapulco, Mexico, using a Stinson SR Reliant. The airline will change its name to Aeroméxico in February 1972.
- September 22
- Sir Alan Cobham sets out in an Airspeed Courier in a failed attempt to fly non-stop from England to India.
- Shortly after takeoff from Heston Airport in Hounslow, England, the Handley Page W.10 airliner G-EBMM, operated by National Aviation Displays, suffers a structural failure and crashes at Aston Clinton, killing all four people on board.[29]
- September 29 – A London, Scottish & Provincial Airways Airspeed Courier crashes at Timberden Bottom, Shoreham, Kent, in the United Kingdom, killing all four people on board. Flying debris injures two people on the ground.
October
- The Yamagata, Japan.[30]
- The Government of the Philippines passes an act to regulate foreign aircraft operations in the Philippines and to require a franchise from the Philippine government in order to operate an air service in the Philippines.
- October 2 – A Hillman's Airways de Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapide crashes into the English Channel off Folkestone, Kent, England, in poor visibility, killing all seven people on board.
- October 8 – United States Post Office contract.[31]
- October 14 – National Airlines begins operations, using two second-hand Ryan ST monoplanes to fly a mail contract service in Florida between St. Petersburg and Daytona Beach with stops at Tampa, Lakeland, and Orlando.[32]
- October 19 – The Victoria, to Launceston, Tasmania, killing all 11 people on board. Miss Hobart had just flown the new airline's first flight three weeks earlier, and one of its founders, Captain Victor Holyman, is among the dead.[33]
- October 20-November 3 - Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first eastward crossing of the Pacific Ocean, from Brisbane, Australia to San Francisco, in the Lady Southern Cross. The Hawaii-to-San Francisco leg of his crossing on November 3 is the first eastward flight from Hawaii to North America.[31]
- October 20-November 5 - The de Havilland DH.88 CometGrosvenor House from Mildenhall, Suffolk to Melbourne, Australia in a time of 71 hours.
- October 23
- Francesco Agello passes his 1933 world speed with a new airspeed record of 709 km/h (441 mph). Again he flies the Italian Macchi M.C.72 seaplane.
- Husband and wife Jean and Jeannette Piccard ascend to an altitude of 57,579 feet (17,550 meters) over Lake Erie in the balloon A Century of Progress.[6] The first licensed female balloon pilot in the United States, Jeannette Piccard retains control of the balloon for the entire flight, and the flight makes her the first woman to fly in the stratosphere.
- October 26 – The only Allahabad, India. Its crew escapes unharmed.
November
- The
- November 6 – The Pommern, killing all five people on board.[34]
- November 15 – During a domestic flight in Australia from de Havilland DH.86 Express VH-USG suffers an in-flight loss of control and crashes at Ilfracombe, killing all four people on board.[35]
- November 30 – The record-setting French aviator Hélène Boucher dies when the Renault Viva Grand Sport she is piloting on a test flight crashes into the woods at Guyancourt, France.
December
- December 3 – Charles Ulm disappears while flying over the Pacific Ocean somewhere between Oakland, California and Hawaii.
- December 7 – The crash of a military Fairey Fox fighter-bomber starts a hangar fire at Haren Airport in Brussels, Belgium, that destroys at least two Sabena airliners.
- December 8 – Imperial Airways extends its airmail service to Australia.
- December 10 – During a domestic flight in Ford 4-AT-E Tri-Motor NM-7 crashes into a mountain near Palma Soriano during heavy rain, killing four of the eight people on board.[36]
- December 20
- During a flight from Rutbah Wells, Iraq, during a rainstorm and bursts into flames, killing all seven people on board.[37]
- Grumman JF-2 Duck.[11]
- United Airlines Flight 6, a Boeing 247, loses power in both engines shortly after takeoff from Chicago. The three-man crew manages to crash-land the plane, and the entire crew and the lone passenger survive.
- During a flight from
- December 28 – During the Chaco War, a Macchi M.18 flying boat of the Paraguayan Navy's aviation arm carries out the first night bombing raid in South America, attacking Bolivian positions at Vitriones and Mbutum.[38]
- c. December 29 – An American Airlines Curtiss T-32 Condor II crashes in the Adirondack Mountains; all four on board survive.
- December 31 – Helen Richey becomes the first woman to pilot a regular civil flight, taking a Central Airlines Ford Trimotor on the Washington, D.C. to Detroit route; however, she gets few subsequent flights.[39]
First flights
- Aichi D1A[40]
- Avro 641 Commodore
- Avro 642 Eighteen
- Bellanca 77-140
- Farman F.271
- Farman F.400
- Farman F.430
- Granville Gee Bee R-6
- Miles Hawk Major
- Nakajima Ki-8
- Nakajima Ki-11
- Piaggio P.16
- Westland F.7/30/PV.4
- Early 1934 – Arado Ar 68[41]
- Summer 1934 – Henschel Hs 125
January
- January 4 – Henschel Hs 121
- January 7 – Curtiss XF13C-1[42]
- January 14 – de Havilland DH.86 Express
- January 16 – Northrop XFT-1[43]
- January 20 – Boeing XP-940/P-29[44]
- January 23 – Berliner-Joyce XF3J-1[45]
- January 30 – Junkers Ju 160
February
- Gotha Go 145
- Kawasaki Ki-5
- 19 February - Supermarine Type 224
- 22 February - Fairey S.9/30
March
- Nakajima E8N[46]
- Saro London
- March 30 - Potez 58
- March 30 - Sikorsky S-42
April
- Curtiss SOC
- Mitsubishi Ka-9, forerunner of the Ka-15 prototype for the Mitsubishi G3M[47]
- April 17
- de Havilland DH.89 Dragon Rapide
- Fairey Swordfish
- April 27 – Stinson Model A
- April 28 – Hamburger Flugzeugbau Ha 135
May
- Nakajima Ki-4
- May 9 - de Havilland DH.87 Hornet Moth
- May 11 - Douglas DC-2
- May 19 - Tupolev ANT-20 Maksim Gorky
June
- June 18
- June 26 – Airspeed Envoy
July
- July 27 - Supermarine Stranraer
August
- Amiot 143[48]
- Mitsubishi B4M[49]
- PZL.23 Karas
- August 14 - Dewoitine D.510
September
- September 1
- September 7 – Hawker Hardy
- September 8 – de Havilland DH.88 Comet
- September 12
- September 28 – Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Sparviero
October
- Caudron Simoun C620
- October 7 - Tupolev ANT-40RT, forerunner to the Tupolev SB
- October 12 – Miles M.3 Falcon
- October 15 - Grumman XF3F-1[50]
- October 31 – Fairchild Super 71
November
- November 4 – Junkers Ju 86
- November 16 – Savoia-Marchetti S.74
- November 23
December
Entered service
- Avro 671 Rota with the Royal Air Force
- Beriev MBR-2 with Soviet Naval Aviation (NATO reporting name "Mote")[51]
- Beriev MP-1 in airliner service
- Cierva C.30
- Latécoère 290 with two squadrons of French Naval Aviation
- Soviet Air Force
- French Air Force
- PZL P.11a with the Polish Air Force
- PZL P.11b with the Romanian Air Force
January
- Consolidated P-30 (later PB-2) with the United States Army Air Corps[52]
April
- April 6 – Avro 642 Eighteen with Midland & Scottish Air Ferries Ltd
May
- Couzinet 71 with Aéropostale
- Naval Air Station Norfolk, Virginia
- Soviet Air Force
- May 18 – Douglas DC-2 with Transcontinental and Western Air
- May 24 – Avro 641 Commodore with private owner
November
- November 25 – French Air Force
Retirements
- Avro 654, formerly the Avro 627 Mailplane
- Boeing 80 by United Airlines
January
December
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