Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver

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Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
Yaroslavichi of Tver
FatherMikhail of Tver
MotherAnna of Kashin

Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (

Grand Prince of Tver from 1338 to 1339.[2] His rule was marked by the Tver Uprising in 1327. He was executed in Sarai by the Mongols,[2] together with his son Fyodor.[3]

Life

Aleksandr was a second son of Prince

to whom?] from Novgorod to Moscow.[4]

Four years later, Aleksandr succeeded his childless brother

Uzbeg Khan in the Horde after Dmitry avenged his father's death by murdering Yury.[5]

A mob in Tver burning the Khan's cousin Shevkal alive in 1327.

In 1327, a

Shevkal (the cousin of Uzbeg), arrived in Tver from the Horde, with a large retinue. They took up residence at Aleksandr's palace and, according to chronicle reports, started terrorizing the city, randomly robbing and killing. Rumors spread that Shevkal wanted to kill the prince, occupy the throne for himself and introduce Islam to the city. When, on 15 August 1327, the Tatars tried to take a horse from a deacon named Dyudko, he cried for help and a mob of furious people rushed on the Tatars and killed them all. Shevkal and his remaining guards were burnt alive in one of the houses where they had attempted to hide.[6]

The massacre led inevitably to Tatar reprisals. Indeed, the whole incident may have been a provocation by the Tatars to destroy Aleksandr and the Tver princes.

Novgorod, but he was not accepted there for fear of the Tatars, so he went on to Pskov
.

Pskov not only allowed Aleksandr to enter their city, but made him their prince. Desiring to save the Russian land from further devastation — had Ivan Kalita left Aleksandr in Pskov, the Tatars would have certainly sent another

Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania
.

In 1335, Aleksandr sent his son, Fyodor, to the Horde in order to gain forgiveness. Two years later in 1337 he went there himself. Uzbeg Khan, at least for a time, forgave his old enemy and sent him back to Tver. This led to renewed hostilities with Moscow, which Tver' could not sustain.

On October 29, 1339, Aleksandr and Fyodor were

capital city of the Horde, by the orders of Uzbeg Khan.[7]

Family

Alexander was married ca. 1320 to Anastasia of Halych and had eight children:

  1. Fyodor of Tver (died 1339)
  2. Lev (born 1321, date of death unknown)
  3. Mikhail II of Tver (1333–1399)
  4. Vsevolod of Kholm (died 1364)
  5. Andrey (died 1365)
  6. Vladimir (died 1365)
  7. Maria (died 1399), married to
    Simeon of Russia
  8. Uliana (ca. 1325–1392), married to Algirdas

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9781000417500
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 9780582491533
    .
  3. ISBN 9781538119426
    .
  4. ^ Janet Martin, Medieval Russia 980-1584 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 176.
  5. ^ Martin, Medieval Russia, 176.
  6. ^ Arsenii Nikolaevich Nasonov, ed., Novgorodskaia Pervaia Letopis Starshego i Mladshego Izvodov (Moscow and Leningrad: ANSSR, 1950), 98-99, 342; A. N. Nasonov, ed., Pskovskie Letopisi (Moscow and Leningrad: ANSSSR, 1941-1955), Vol. 1, p. 17, Vol. 2, p. 23; John Fennell, "The Tver Uprising of 1327: A Study of the Sources," Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 15 (1967), 161-179; Michael C. Paul, "Secular Power and the Archbishops of Novgorod Before the Muscovite Conquest," Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 8, No. 2 (2007), 251
  7. ^ John Fennell, "Princely Executions in the Horde 1308-1339," Forschungen zur Osteuropaischen Geschichte 38 (1988), 9-19.

External links

Regnal titles
Preceded by Grand Prince of Vladimir
1326–1327 		Succeeded by
Ivan I of Moscow
Prince of Tver
1326–1327 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prince of Tver
1338–1339
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