Economy of Houston
This article needs to be updated.(May 2023) |
This article is part of a series on the |
Economy of the United States |
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The economy of
The Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area ranked 33rd among the nation's 361 MSAs on per capita personal income at US$36,852 - 11.5 percent higher than the national figure of US$33,050. In 2012, Houston was ranked #1 by Forbes for paycheck worth, and, in late May 2013, it was identified as America's top city for job creation.[4][5]
Real estate and corporate location
Houston is a major corporate center. The city and surrounding metropolitan region is home to 23 Fortune 500 companies, as well as other multinationals and domestic companies. Of the world's 100 largest non-U.S.-based corporations, as of February 2007[update] more than half had operations in Houston.[6] In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes.[7] The 2011 Fortune 500 list shows 23 firms headquartered in the 10-county Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Statistical Area. Only New York City has more Fortune 500 headquarters within city limits.
Finance
Information technology
As of February 2007[update], Houston had more than 1,900 computer-related companies.[11] Since its inception in 1999, Houston Technology Center has become the center of technology entrepreneurship in Houston. The center has helped more than 150 emerging technology companies raise more than $400 million in capital and create about 1,000 new jobs. Information technology developed in Houston affects many entities, including the region's traffic and emergency response efforts at Houston TranStar, a centralized transportation management and regional emergency management center.[citation needed]
As of 2007[update], Houston, with a customer base of more than 3 million, was
Higher education
The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston-area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit, and 24,000 local jobs generated.[13][14] This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the UH System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5 percent of graduates are still living and working in the region.[14]
Health care and biomedical
The
According to U.S. News & World Report, as of December 2006[update] many hospitals in Houston consistently rank among the nation's top healthcare institutions.[16]
Manufacturing and industry
Fortune 500 companies based in Houston[17] | ||
Rank | Company Name | |
---|---|---|
27 | Phillips 66 | |
56 | Sysco | |
93 | ConocoPhillips | |
98 | Plains GP Holdings
| |
101 | Enterprise Products Partners
| |
129 | Baker Hughes | |
142 | Halliburton | |
148 | Occidental Petroleum | |
186 | EOG Resources | |
207 | Waste Management
| |
242 | Kinder Morgan | |
260 | CenterPoint Energy | |
261 | Quanta Services | |
264 | Group 1 Automotive | |
319 | Calpine | |
329 | Cheniere Energy | |
365 | Targa Resources | |
374 | NOV Inc. | |
391 | Westlake Chemical
| |
465 | APA Corporation | |
496 | Crown Castle | |
501 | KBR | |
Companies in the petroleum industry |
Houston is home to more than 10,700 manufacturing establishments. The city ranked as a Gold Medal World-Class Community for Manufacturing for four consecutive years by Industry Week magazine.[18] The Houston-Gulf Coast region has nearly 40 percent of the U.S. capacity for base petrochemicals, ensuring rapid access to major resin producers and resin technologies. Houston is projected to experience a 2.7 percent increase in manufacturing employment by 2012.
Energy
Houston is known as a world capital of the oil and gas industry with over 5000 energy firms doing business in the region.[20] Historically, Houston has had several growth spurts (and some devastating economic recessions) related to the oil industry. The discovery of oil near Houston in 1901 led to its first growth spurt — by the 1920s, Houston had grown to almost 140,000 people. The city is a leading domestic and international center for virtually every segment of the oil and gas industry - exploration, production, transmission, marketing, service, supply, offshore drilling, and technology. Houston dominates U.S. oil and gas exploration and production. The city remains unrivaled as a center for the American energy industry.[21] In January 2005, the Houston Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSA) accounted for: 31% of all U.S. jobs in oil and gas extraction (38,300 of 123,400), and 14% of all U.S. jobs in support activities for mining (28,100 of 200,900).[22] Houston is headquarters for 17 energy-related Fortune 500 companies and is home to more than 3,600 energy-related establishments. Houston is home to 13 of the nation's 20 largest natural gas transmission companies, 600 exploration and production firms and more than 170 pipeline operators.
The Offshore Technology Conference held yearly in Houston presents the latest exploration and development technology in the energy industry to more than 50,000 attendees.
Houston is a member of the World Energy Cities Partnership, a collaboration between 13 energy focused cities around the world.[23]
As of 2004[update], mining, which includes mostly oil and gas exploration and production in Houston, accounted for 11 percent the region's gross area product (GAP)—down from 21 percent as recently as 1985. The reduced role of oil and gas in Houston's GAP reflected the rapid growth of other sectors—such as engineering services, health services, and manufacturing.[24] As of 2005[update], however, oil and gas exploration and production increased in reaction to high energy prices and a reduced worldwide surplus oil production capacity.[25]
Members of the oil and gas industry are representatives of most of the boards of Houston's arts bodies, charities, and museums. The energy companies spent funds in order to make Houston a more attractive community for their employees to live in.[26]
Petrochemicals
Houston is one of the world's largest manufacturing centers for
As of 2005[update], more than 235 establishments in the Houston metro area manufactured
Aerospace
Houston is home to the
Trade
Much of Houston's success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy man-made ship channel, the Port of Houston.[32] The port ranks first in the country in international commerce and is the sixth-largest port in the world. Amid other U.S. ports, it is the busiest in foreign tonnage and second in overall tonnage. Because of these economic trades, many residents have moved to Houston from other U.S. states, as well as hundreds of countries worldwide.
The coffee companies of Houston formed the Greater Houston Coffee Association in fall 2000. The industry then tried to make Houston a major coffee shipping port. Coffee sold through futures contracts may only be shipped to a
Demand on Texas oil increased, and many people from the northeast moved to Houston to profit from the trade. Pasadena has refineries, and the Port of Houston is among the busiest in the world. Since the 1980s oil bust, the Houston area aimed to diversify its industries.[26]
Employment
In 2013, Houston was identified as the #1 U.S. city for job creation by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn, but after the crash, more than two jobs were added for every one lost. Economist and vice president of research at the Greater Houston Partnership Patrick Jankowski attributed Houston's success to the ability of the region's real estate and energy industries to learn from historical mistakes. Furthermore, Jankowski stated that "more than 100 foreign-owned companies relocated, expanded or started new businesses in Houston" between 2008 and 2010, and this openness to external business boosted job creation during a period when domestic demand was problematically low.[5]
As of 2009[update] Walmart was the largest employer in Houston, with 31,900 employees. The second-largest was Administaff (now Insperity), with fewer than 21,900 employees.[34]
Tourism
Tourist attractions in the Houston area include
On July 26, 2003, the
Around 2006
Retail
In 1980, a year of strong economic activity and robust competition in the grocery market, prices in Houston's grocery stores were below the national average prices in grocery stores. Houston's grocery price index averaged at 85.6, below the national average of 88.4. This means that, for the 1982-1984 base period, Houstonians paid $88.40 for an amount of food that would cost $100 according to the national average. During the oil bust and the economic decline, Houston's prices stayed even with the national average. In 1983 Houston's grocery index increased from 96.8 to 99.4 and matched the national average of 99.1. As the city began to recover, the prices began to edge upward. When a recession in the U.S. began and while Houston's economic growth slowed and continued, the national price index fell below Houston's price index. As of 1992 prices in Houston's grocery stores were higher than the national average; Houston's index averaged to be 137.3, and the national average was 132.3.[38]
Nic Santangelo, an analyst of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a department of the
As of 2015[update] the largest grocers in the Houston market by the number of locations were
Media
Houston is the tenth largest television market in the United States. While Houston is the fourth largest city in the United States, other cities that are smaller than Houston have metropolitan regions that are larger than Houston's.[41]
See also
References
- ^ "U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)". Bea.gov. 2022-08-12. Archived from the original on 2013-11-06. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
- ^ "Houston Oil & Gas Data" (PDF).
- Fortune Magazine. May 2011. Archived from the originalon May 8, 2011.
- ^ "Forbes ranks Houston No. 1 for paycheck worth".
- ^ a b Derek Thompson (28 May 2013). "Houston Is Unstoppable: Why Texas' Juggernaut Is America's #1 Job Creator". The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ "Corporate Headquarters" (PDF). Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2007.
- ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (May 5, 2006). "2006 Best Places for Business and Careers". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 29, 2012.
- ^ "International Representation in Houston" (PDF). Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 14, 2006.
- ^ "International Investment & Trade". Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015.
- ^ Ivanovich, David (September 20, 1997). "America, Japan drawing nearer to aviation deal / Continental could benefit". Business 1. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
- ^ "Industry Guide: Information Technology". Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original on February 14, 2007.
- ^ "Telecommunications" (PDF). Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 21, 2007.
- ^ Tresaugue, Matthew (2006-05-17). "Study suggests UH degrees are crucial economic factor". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2011-05-31.
- ^ a b "The Economic Impact of Higher Education on Houston: A Case Study of the University of Houston System" (PDF). University of Houston System. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
- ^ "Industry Guide - Health Care". Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original on February 3, 2007.
- ^ "Health Care" (PDF). Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 10, 2006.
- ^ "Fortune 500". Fortune.
- ^ a b "Industry Guide: Manufacturing". Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original on February 14, 2007.
- ^ "Key Manufacturing Industries" (PDF). Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 21, 2007.
- ^ "Houston Market Overview" (PDF). Law.northwestern.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-02-02. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
- ^ Romero, Simon (September 6, 2005). "Houston Finds Business Boon After Katrina". The New York Times. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
- ^ "Chemical Engineering - Houston - An Industrial, Business and Research Center". Archived from the original on December 17, 2006.
- ^ World Energy Cities Partnership - NN. "World Energy Cities Partnership". Energycities.org. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
- ^ "Gross Area Product by Industry (2004)" (PDF). Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 23, 2006.
- ^ "Gross Area Product by Industry (2005)" (PDF). Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2006.
- ^ a b McNulty, Sheila (March 25, 2010). "Houston: where energy is king". Financial Times. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
- ^ "Plastics Products" (PDF). Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 10, 2006.
- ^ "Aerospace Industry Guide". Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original on February 13, 2007.
- ^ Flakus, Greg (September 15, 2006). "Houston Sees Economic Boost from Space Missions". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 16 November 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
- ^ "Perry: 1,000 New High-Paying Jobs Coming to Houston Area" (Press release). September 20, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-09-23. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
- ^ "Houston: Economy". Advameg Inc. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
- ^ "Overview of the Port of South Louisiana". Archived from the original on May 9, 2006.
- ^ Walsh, Robb (November 10, 2009). "City of Coffee". Houston Press. Retrieved November 17, 2009.
- ^ Sixel, L.M. (2009-05-16). "An oil town, yes, but Wal-Mart remains the top employer". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
- Houston Business Journal. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
- ^ Davis, Rod (August 3, 2003). "Houston's really good idea Bus tour celebrates communities that forged a city". Travel 1M. San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
- ^ Moreno, Jenalia (December 28, 2006). "HOTELS / Taiwanese have found a niche / Immigrant group is becoming important force in the local hospitality industry". Business 1. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ a b Narum, Beverly and Cynthia Shanley. "Report says food prices high here." Houston Post. April 26, 1992. A23. Available at the microfilm desk of the Jesse H. Jones Building of the Houston Public Library Central Library.
- ^ "Houston Chronicle names the city's major grocery stores of 2015". Houston Chronicle. 2015-07-14. Retrieved 2017-06-28. - The information on largest grocers is in the slideshow.
- ^ "Houston: Top 10 supermarket operators in the Houston DMA, No. 9 in the U.S." Progressive Grocer. January 1, 2007. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ Hoffman, Ken (June 18, 2010). "No. 4 city, No. 10 market for TV: Here's why". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
Further reading
- May, Meredith (Sharpless, Rebecca (advisor) ; Campbell, Jodi (committee member) ; Cantrell, Gregg (committee member) ; Krochmal, Max (committee member)). "Building a Business in the Bayou City: Houston and Women's Entrepreneurship, 1945-1977" (dissertation). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017.