List of largest fish
Largest extant fish
Rank | Name | Binomial Name | Taxonomic Class | Known maximum mass [tonnes] |
Maximum length [m (ft)] |
Images | Size comparison to human |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Whale shark | Rhino typus | Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fish) |
21.5[1] | 18.8 metres (61.7 ft)[2] | ||
2 | Basking shark | Cetorhinus maximus | Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fish) |
5.2 (16 unconfirmed)[3] | 14 metres (46 ft)[4][5][6] | ||
3 | Great white shark | Carcharodon carcharias | Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fish) |
3.324[7] | 7 metres (23 ft)[8] | ||
4 | Tiger shark | Galeocerdo cuvier | Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fish) |
3.11[9][10] | 7.5 metres (25 ft)[11] | ||
5 | Giant oceanic manta ray | Mobula birostris | Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fish) |
3.0[12] | 5 metres (16 ft)[12] | ||
6 | Southern sunfish |
Mola alexandrini | Osteichthyes
(Bony fish) |
2.744[13] | 3.3 metres (11 ft)[14] | ||
7 | Ocean sunfish | Mola mola | Osteichthyes
(Bony fish) |
2.3[15] | 3.1 metres (10 ft)[15] | ||
8 | Beluga sturgeon |
Huso huso | Osteichthyes
(Bony fish) |
2.072[16] | 7.2 metres (24 ft)[17] | ||
9 | Sharptail mola | Masturus lanceolatus | Osteichthyes
(Bony fish) |
2[18] | 3.0 metres (9.8 ft)[18] | ||
10 | Hoodwinker sunfish |
Mola tecta | Osteichthyes
(Bony fish) |
1.87[citation needed] | 2.4 metres (7.9 ft)[citation needed] | ||
11 | Reef manta ray | Manta alfredi | Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fish) |
1.4[19] | 5.5 metres (18 ft)[19] | ||
12 | Greenland shark | Somniosus microcephalus | Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fish) |
1.397[15] | 7.3 metres (24 ft)[20] | ||
13 | Megamouth shark | Megachasma pelagios | Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fish) |
1.215[21] | 5.2 metres (17 ft)[21] | ||
14 | Kaluga | Huso dauricus | Osteichthyes
(Bony fish) |
1.140[15] | 5.6 metres (18 ft)[15] |
Jawless fish (Agnatha)
- Hagfish (Myxini)
- The hagfish, which are not taxonomically true fish, are among the most primitive extant vertebrates. There is only one order and family in this animal class. All of the 77 known species have elongated, eel-like bodies but can be distinguished by their downward-facing mouths. The largest form is the Goliath hagfish (Eptatretus goliath). This species can range up to 1.28 m (4.2 ft) in length and weigh to 6.2 kg (14 lb).[22]
- Lampreys (Petromyzontiformes)
- As with the hagfish, lampreys appear eel-like in shape. They have cartilaginous skeletons and have been evolving separately from any other group for over 400 million years. They are predatory and often attach themselves to a fish or other small animal and gradually drain blood and organs. The largest species is the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), which can grow to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) and weigh 2.5 kg (5.5 lb).[23]
Armored fish (Placodermi)
The largest fish of the now-extinct class
Cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes)
The cartilaginous fish are not directly related to the "bony fish," but are sometimes lumped together for simplicity in description. The largest living
- Ground sharks (Carcharhiniformes)
- The largest species of this order is the widely distributed catsharks, are fairly small-bodied. The largest, the nursehound (Scyliorhinus stellaris), can grow up to 1.7 m (5.6 ft) and a weight of at least 10.8 kg (24 lb).[35][36]
- Chimaeras (Chimaeriformes)
- These odd, often translucent cartilaginous fish are typically quite small. The largest species is the carpenter's chimaera (Chimaera lignaria) of the oceans near Australia and New Zealand. It can reach up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in length and weigh 15.4 kg (34 lb).[37]
- Frill sharks and cow sharks (Hexanchiformes)
- The largest frill sharks and cow shark is the Bluntnose sixgill shark (Hexanchus griseus). This large species typically inhabits depths greater than 90 m (300 ft), and has been recorded as deep as 1,875 m (6,152 ft). The largest specimen known (caught off Cuba) reportedly weighed 763 kg (1,682 lb) and measured 4.82 m (15.8 ft) long.[4]
- Bullhead sharks (Heterodontiformes)
- These tropical, small sharks are noted for their broad head shape. The largest species is the Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) of Australasian waters, at up to 1.65 m (5.4 ft) long and weighing up to 20 kg (44 lb).[38]
- Mackerel sharks (Lamniformes)
- Most species in this order grow quite large. The largest living species is the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) of the world's northern temperate oceans, also the second largest fish. The largest specimen, which was examined in 1851, measured 12.3 m (40 ft) long and weighed 16 tonnes.[4] Perhaps the most famous "big fish" is the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Specimens have been measured up to 6.4 m (21 ft) and weighing 3,312 kg (7,302 lb), with great whites of at least 7 m (23 ft) long generally accepted.[4][39] The common thresher (Alopias vulpinus), can grow to 7.6 m (25 ft) and weigh over 510 kg (1,120 lb), but much of its length is comprised by its extreme tail.[40][41] Odd and recently discovered giants also live in this order: the slender, sword-snouted goblin shark (Mitsukurina owstoni), with unweighed specimens of up to approximately 6.17 m (20.2 ft), and the massive megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios), up to 5.6 m (18 ft) long and a weight of 1,215 kg (2,679 lb).[42][43]
- The largest shark in the fossil record is the megalodon (Otodus megalodon), a colossal Neogene lamniform. The range of estimates of the maximum length for megalodon are from 17 to 20.3 m (56 to 67 ft), with a mass ranging from 65 to 114 short tons (59 to 103 t).[44][45][46] It is also regarded as the largest macro-predatory fish ever.
- Stingrays and allies (Myliobatiformes)
- Both the largest species of this order and the largest of all rays is the giant oceanic manta ray (Manta birostris). This peaceful leviathan can reach a size of 3,000 kg (6,600 lb), a "disk" width of 9.1 m (30 ft) and a total length of 5 m (16 ft).[47] A related species reaches barely smaller sizes, the devil fish (Mobula mobular). It can grow up to a 5.2 m (17 ft) disk width, a total length of 6.5 m (21 ft) and a weight of at least 1,000 kg (2,200 lb).[48][49] The largest stingray is generally accepted to be the short-tail stingray (Dasyatis brevicaudata), found off the southern tip of Africa and Australasia, at up to 4.3 m (14 ft) across the disk and weighing more than 350 kg (770 lb).[50] Although there are several large stingrays that at least approach this species' size. One, the giant freshwater stingray (Himantura polylepis), of the large rivers of South Asia, can weigh up to 600 kg (1,300 lb), measure up to 5 m (16 ft) in total length and have a disc span of 2.4 m (7.9 ft).[51][52]
- Carpet sharks (Orectolobiformes)
- The whale shark is the largest species in this order, reaching up to 20 meters long when fully mature.[53] No other species in the order even approaches this size. The next largest species is the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), which can grow up to 4.3 m (14 ft) across the disk and weighing more than 350 kg (770 lb).[54]
- Sawfish (Pristiformes)
- Distinguished by a long snout decorated with sharp teeth on the sides, these little-known cartilaginous fish are often reported to attain huge sizes. The definitive largest species is not known, although the large-tooth sawfish (P. pristis) and freshwater sawfish (P. microdon) can both exceed 6.5 m (21 ft).[58][59]
- Sawsharks (Pristiophoriformes)
- Despite sharing a similar appearing snout adapted in both to shred fish prey, the sawsharks are typically much smaller than sawfish. The largest sawshark is the Sixgill sawshark (Pliotrema warreni) of the South Indian ocean, which can grow up to 1.7 m (5.6 ft) and weigh 15 kg (33 lb).[60]
- Skates and allies (Rajiformes)
- The largest and most diverse order of rays' largest species is the giant guitarfish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis) of the Red Sea and the eastern Indian ocean. The top size of the species is 227 kg (500 lb) and 3.1 m (10 ft).[61] The largest of the skates is the common skate (Dipturus batis). This species can grow up to 2.85 m (9.4 ft) in length and weigh 97.1 kg (214 lb).[62]
- Dogfish and allies (Squaliformes)
- The largest known member of this order is the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus), a giant predator of sub-Arctic waters. This species has been confirmed to as much as 6.4 m (21 ft) in length and a weight of 1,397 kg (3,080 lb), although specimens of up to 7.3 m (24 ft) have been reportedly caught.[4][63] The Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus) has been measured only to 4.4 m (14 ft) and 888 kg (1,958 lb) in a gravid female, although specimens up to an estimated 7 m (23 ft) have been scientifically observed.[4][64] A single unconfirmed account exists of an enormous Pacific sleeper shark that potentially measured up to 9.2 m (30 ft) long [65]. The spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), a very common species, reaches the largest sizes of the "true dogfish" family. Specimens have been measured at up to 1.6 m (5.2 ft) and 9.1 kg (20 lb).[66]
- Angelsharks (Squatiniformes)
- The largest of the bottom-dwelling angelsharks (named for their shape rather than disposition) is the common angelshark (Squatina squatina) of the northeast Atlantic ocean. This species can grow up to 2.4 m (7.9 ft) long and weigh up to 80 kg (180 lb).[67]
- Electric rays (Torpediniformes)
- The largest of the electric rays is Atlantic torpedo (Torpedo nobiliana). This fish can measure 1.8 m (5.9 ft) long and weigh 90 kg (200 lb).[68] However, a length of 0.6–1.5 m (2.0–4.9 ft) and weight of 30 pounds (14 kg) is more typical.[69][70] Females attain a larger size than males.[71]
Spiny sharks (Acanthodii)
The largest of the now-extinct Acanthodii was Xylacanthus grandis, an ischnacanthiform based on a ~35 cm (14 in) long jaw bone. Based on the proportions of its relative Ischnacanthus, X. grandis had an estimated total length of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in).[72]
Bony fish (Osteichthyes)
Ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii)
The largest living
As for length, the longest
Much larger bony fish existed prehistorically, the largest ever known having been
- Sturgeons and paddlefishes (Acipenseriformes)
- The largest species is the Baikal sturgeons are following as well. These fish are sometimes called the largest freshwater fish but sturgeons spend a great deal of time in brackish water and switch back and forth between saltwater and freshwater environments in their life cycle. Also included in this order are the paddlefish and the Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius), which is now officially recognised as extinct by the IUCN (as of July 2022), is also a very large fish. Reportedly, fisherman as recently as the 1950s have caught paddlefish measuring up to 6.7 m (22 ft) in total length, although no specimen greater than 3.1 m (10 ft) has been scientifically measured. The weight of the Chinese paddlefish is reportedly 300 to 500 kg (660 to 1,100 lb).[77][78]
- Bonefish (Albuliformes)
- The largest Albuliformes is the pectoral finsare yellow.
- Bowfins (Amiiformes)
- The
- Eels (Anguilliformes)
- The largest species of "true eel," if measured in weight and overall bulk, is the European conger (Conger conger). The maximum size of this species has been reported to 3 m (9.8 ft) and a mass of 110 kg (240 lb).[81] Several moray eels can equal or exceed the previous eel in length but do not weigh as much. The longest fish in the order, at up to 4 m (13 ft), is the slender giant moray (Strophidon sathete) of the Indo-Pacific oceans.[82]
- Silversides (Atheriniformes)
- An order best known for its tiny representatives, the largest species is the jacksmelt (Atherinopsis californiensis) of the Pacific Ocean. Although it reaches 45 cm (18 in), it is not known to even reach 450 g (0.99 lb).[83]
- Barreleyes, slickheads and argentines (Argentiniformes)
- The largest species is the greater argentine (Argentina silus), that has 76 centimetres (30 in) TL.
- The largest barreleyes are javelin spookfish (Bathylychnops exilis)found in the northern Pacific and in the eastern Atlantic Ocean near the Azores where it is found at depths of around 640 metres (2,100 ft). This species grows to a length of 50 centimetres (20 in) SL.[84]
- Jellynose fishes (Ateleopodiformes)
- The largest jellynose fishes is branchiostegal rays. The species have a range of sizes, the longest reaching 2 m (6.6 ft).[citation needed]
- Grinners (Aulopiformes)
- The largest member of this order is the lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox), found in all the world's oceans. Slender, with a huge spine, these fish can reach 2.1 m (6.9 ft) long and can weigh up to 11 kg (24 lb).[85]
- Toadfish (Batrachoidiformes)
- The largest toadfish is the Pacuma toadfish (Batrachoides surinamensis), reaching a size of up to 5 pounds (2.3 kg) and 23 inches (58 cm).[86]
- Flying-fish and allies (Beloniformes)
- The largest member of this order, best known for its members' ability to breach the water and zip through the sky, is the pelagic Houndfish (Tylosurus crocodilus), a slender fish at up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) and a weight of 6.35 kg (14.0 lb).[87] The largest true "flying fish" is the Japanese flying fish (Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus), which can range up to 0.5 m (1.6 ft) in length and weigh over 1 kg (2.2 lb).[78]
- Squirrelfish (Beryciformes)
- Best known for their highly squirrelfish's largest representative is the giant squirrelfish (Sargocentron spiniferum) of the Indo-Pacific, at up to 51 cm (20 in) and 2.6 kg (5.7 lb).[88] The slimmer Holocentrus adscensionis from warm parts of the Atlantic can reach even greater lengths of up to 61 cm (24 in).[89]
- Whalefish (Cetomimiformes)
- Known for flesh that feels flabby to the touch, this order reaches largest sizes in the flabby whalefish (Gyrinomimus grahami) of all southern oceans. This species, which can range up to 0.45 m (1.5 ft) in length and weigh 1.5 kg (3.3 lb), is sometimes commercially fished.[78][90]
- Characins (Characiformes)
- The largest species is the African freshwater fish, the golden dorado (Salminus brasiliensis), which can reach up to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length and weigh 31.4 kg (69 lb).[93] Among the characins are the infamous neotropical piranhas. Carnivorous species can grow up to 0.43 m (1.4 ft), although the Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), at up to 1 m (3.3 ft) and 32.4 kg (71 lb), is often considered a giant, herbivorous form of piranha.[78]
- Herring (Clupeiformes)
- The largest .
- Minnows and allies (Cypriniformes)
- The minnow family (which includes carp),
- Pikes and allies (Esociformes)
- The largest species in this small but interesting order (formerly allied with the salmonids) is the muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) of the rivers of North America. These predatory fish can grow up to 1.8 m (5.9 ft) and 45.4 kg (100 lb).[97][98]
- Killifish and allies (Cyprinodontiformes)
- The largest species in this relatively small-bodied order is the Pacific four-eyed fish (Anableps dowei), reaching a size of 34 cm (13 in) and 588 g (1.296 lb).[99]
- Ladyfish and allies (Elopiformes)
- This small order is usually considered closely related to the true eels although its members are very different in appearance and behavior from eels. The largest species is much-coveted-sport fish, the Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus). The maximum recorded size for this species is 161 kg (355 lb) and length is up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft).[100]
- Cod (Gadiformes)
- The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) grows to 2 m (6.6 ft) long and 96 kg (212 lb).[101]
- Sticklebacks and allies (Gasterosteiformes)
- The largest form of stickleback, a small, cylindric type of fish, is the
- Clingfish (Gobiesociformes)
- These bottom-dwelling fish reach their maximum size in Sicyases sanguineus. This species can reach 30 cm (12 in) in length and weigh up to 1 kg (2.2 lb).[78]
- Shellears and allies (Gonorynchiformes)
- The well-known milkfish (Chanos chanos) is the largest member of this order. The maximum size is 22.7 kg (50 lb) and 1.84 m (6.0 ft) long.[78]
- Knifefish (Gymnotiformes)
- The largest knifefish is the cylindrical body, typically growing to about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in length, and 20 kg (44 lb) in weight, making it the largest species of the Gymnotiformes.[103]
- Mooneyes (Hiodontiformes)
- Only two extant species are known to exist in this relatively new order. The larger of the two is the goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) from the northern rivers of North America, which can reach up to 0.5 m (1.6 ft) in length and can weigh 1.8 kg (4.0 lb).[104][105]
- Ribbonfish and allies (Lampriformes)
- The largest member of this small but fascinating order is the aforementioned
- Gars (Lepisosteiformes)
- The largest of the gar, and the largest entirely freshwater fish in North America, is the alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula). The largest gar ever known, caught in Louisiana in 1925, was 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and weighed 137 kg (302 lb).[4]
- Anglerfish (Lophiiformes)
- The largest of this diverse order is the common goosefish (Lophius piscatorius) found in the northeastern Atlantic off Europe and North Africa. This big-mouthed fish can attain a size of 58 kg (128 lb) and a length of 2 m (6.6 ft).[107]
- Lanternfish (Myctophiformes)
- The largest of the numerous but small lanternfish is Bolin's lanternfish (Gymnoscopelus bolini) of the Indo-Pacific oceans, at up to 249 g (8.8 oz) and 35 cm (14 in).[78]
- Mullets (Mugiliformes)
- The largest of mullets flathead mullet(Mugil cephalus) have dark centers which give the appearance of a series (6-7) of dark horizontal stripes. The fish grow to lengths up to 60.0 cm (23.6 in) with weights as high as 4.0 kg (8.8 lb).
- Pearlfish and allies (Ophidiiformes)
- The largest member of this order is the widely distributed giant cusk-eels (Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi). A cuskeel can be nearly 2 m (6.6 ft) long, but even large fish probably aren't much over 10 kg (22 lb) since they are quite slender.[78]
- Smelts and allies (Osmeriformes)
- The largest smelt is the rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). The body of the rainbow smelt is slender and cylindrical. When full grown, the rainbow smelt is between 7 and 9 inches (18 and 23 cm) long and weighs about 3 ounces (85 g). Individuals over 12 inches (30 cm) long are known.[108]
- Bony-tongued fish (Osteoglossiformes)
- The largest species is the South American fish usually known as the arapaima (Arapaima gigas). The maximum size this species can attain is a matter of some controversy and some rank it among the world's largest freshwater fishes. No individual arapaima over 3 m (9.8 ft) has been verified and measured. The skeleton of a fish reported to have been measured by native hunters as 4.5 m (15 ft) and weighing 200 kg (440 lb) when caught, was later examined as a skeleton scientifically and was found to have been roughly within that outsized dimension.[4]
- Perches and allies (Perciformes)[dubious ]
- The title of the largest member of this order, the most numerous order of all vertebrates, is a matter of some debate. A large wrasse, and it can reach a maximum size of 191 kg (421 lb) and 2.3 m (7.5 ft).[127] Among a fairly small-bodied family, the damselfishes, the Garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus) of the Pacific coast of America is the biggest, reaching up to 35.5 cm (14.0 in) and 1.2 kg (2.6 lb).[128] The marbled sleeper (Oxyeleotris marmorata) of East Asia is the largest member of the family or sub-order that almost certain contains the smallest living vertebrate, and can reach 0.66 m (2.2 ft) long and weigh 9.9 kg (22 lb).[78][129]
- Trout-perch and allies (Percopsiformes)
- The largest species in this small order (both by number of species and body size) is the sand roller (Percopsis transmontana) of North America. This species can range up to 20 cm (7.9 in) in length and can weigh over 11 g (0.39 oz).[78]
- Flatfish (Pleuronectiformes)
- The largest of the well-known and heavily fished flatfish is the Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). This giant can reach 363 kg (800 lb) and 3 m (9.8 ft), although fish even approaching this size would be extraordinary these days.[130] The Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) is also sometimes titled the largest flatfish, although it has a slightly smaller maximum size, at 320 kg (710 lb) and 2.8 m (9.2 ft).[78][131]
- Beardfish (Polymixiiformes)
- The little-known beardfish are sometimes classified with the Beryciformes. The largest beardfish is Polymixia busakhini of the Indo-Pacific, which can range up to 0.6 m (2.0 ft) in length.[78]
- Polypterids and allies (Polypteriformes)
- The largest polypterid is Polypterus congicus, which reaches up to 97 cm (38 in) in length.[132]
- Gulper eels (Saccopharyngiformes)
- The largest gulper eel is the pelican eel (Eurypharynx pelecanoides). The pelican eel grows to about 1 m (3.3 ft) in length.
- Salmon and allies (Salmoniformes)
- The largest species of salmonid is the taimen (Hucho taimen). The biggest recorded taimen was caught in the Kotui River in Russia, and measured 2.1 m (6.9 ft) and weighed 105 kg (231 lb).[133] Some sources claim the largest is the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) of America's Pacific Northwest, although this species falls behind the taimen in maximum size.[78] The maximum size of this fish is 61.4 kg (135 lb) and 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long.[134]
- Sculpins (Scorpaeniformes)
- Although less venomous than many smaller fish in the same order, the cabezon (Scorpaenicthys marmoratus) of coastal North America.[78]
- Catfish (Siluriformes)
- Most authorities now give the crown of the largest catfish to the Mekong giant catfish, Pangasianodon gigas, which is also considered the heaviest completely freshwater fish.[4] This fish has been recorded at sizes up to 350 kg (770 lb) and 3 m (9.8 ft).[137][138][139][140] The closely-related Asian giant pangasius (Pangasius sanitwongsei) can grow to 3 m (9.8 ft) and 300 kg (660 lb).[141] Another large species is the wels catfish (Silurus glanis) of Europe and Central Asia, which strongly rivals the proceeding species in weight and could possibly surpass them in length. While wels have been confirmed to 3.1 m (10 ft), other whiskered giants have been reliably reported to grow to 3.7 m (12 ft) and 265 kg (584 lb) and less reliably to 4.3 m (14 ft).[4] In South America there also exists the Brachyplatystoma filamentosum, which can reportedly reach up to 3.6 m (12 ft) and 200 kg (440 lb).[142]
- Ridgeheads and allies (Stephanoberyciformes)
- The largest ridgeheads Most ridgeheads are well under 10 centimetres SL.
- Bristlemouths (Stomiiformes)
- The largest of the deep-sea bristlemouths is the short-tailed barbeled dragonfish (Oppostomias micripnus). The top size of a female of this species is probably over 452 g (0.996 lb) and 50 cm (20 in) long.[78] In species like the barbeled dragonfish (Idiacanthus atlanticus), the snake-like females can measure up to 0.5 m (1.6 ft) long, about 50 times as long as the male.[145] Although Idiacanthus is much more slender and is lighter than Oppostomias.[78]
- Swamp-eels (Synbranchiformes)
- The tropic-dwelling swamp-eels, which are not closely related to true eels, reaches their largest size in the marbled swamp eel (Synbrachus marmoratus) of Central and South America. This fish can range up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) and weigh 7 kg (15 lb).[78]
- Seahorses and allies (Syngnathiformes)
- The largest of this diverse order is the red cornetfish (Fistularia petimba), a long, thin species found in all tropical oceans. This fish can reach a length of 2 m (6.6 ft) and a weight of 4.65 kg (10.3 lb).[78] The largest of the famous, petite seahorses is the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) found off Australia and New Zealand, which can grow to 35 cm (14 in) high and weigh over 60 g (2.1 oz).[146]
- Pufferfishes and allies (Tetraodontiformes)
- The water filtration. At lengths up to 1 m (39 in), the stone triggerfish ("Pseudobalistes naufragium") from the eastern Pacific is the largest triggerfish, edging out the titan triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens).[147]
- Dories (Zeiformes)
- The largest species of dory is the Cape dory (
Lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii)
The largest living
- Lungfish (Dipnoi)
- The largest lungfish, the The pectoral and pelvic fins are also very long and thin, almost spaghetti-like.
See also
References
- ISBN 978-0-900424-60-1.
- ^ "Whale Shark". Georgia Aquarium. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
- ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9
- ^ Collett, Robert (1905). Meddelelser om Norges Fiske i Aarene 1884–1901 (3die Hoved-Supplement til "Norges Fiske", III Slutning). Forhandlinger i Videnskabs–selskabet i Christiania.
- ^ Coles, R.J. (1915). "Notes on the sharks and rays of Cape Lookout, N. C". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 28: 89–94.
- ^ Tricas, T. C.; McCosker, J. E. (12 July 1984). "Predatory behaviour of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), with notes on its biology". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. California Academy of Sciences. 43 (14): 221–238. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ Carcharodon carcharias, Great white shark: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- PMID 24416287.
- ^ "isbn:1429654155 - Google Search".
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). "Galeocerdo cuvier" in FishBase. 10 2021 version.
- ^ a b Manta birostris, Giant manta: fisheries. FishBase.org
- ^ "One of biggest great white sharks seen feasting on sperm whale in rare video". National Geographic Society. 19 July 2019. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021.
- ^ "Short Sunfish (Mola ramsayi)". iNaturalist.org.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9
- ^ fishbase.org
- ^ "A Beluga (Sturgeon) caught in 1922 - Our Planet". ourplnt.com. 14 July 2017.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2015). "Masturus lanceolatus" in FishBase. February 2015 version.
- ^ a b "Reef manta ray videos, photos and facts - Manta alfredi". Arkive. Archived from the original on 2017-12-10. Retrieved 2017-12-10.
- ^ Somniosus microcephalus, Greenland shark: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ a b "Megamouth shark washes up in Philippines and is only the 60th we've ever seen". wordpress.com. 28 January 2015.
- ^ Eptatretus goliath, Goliath hagfish. FishBase.org
- ^ Petromyzon marinus, Sea lamprey: fisheries. FishBase.org
- PMID 29230354.
- ^ "Ancient Predator Had Strongest Bite Of Any Fish, Rivaling Bite Of Large Alligators And T. Rex". ScienceDaily. 29 November 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
- ISBN 9780198577188. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ISBN 9780931079054. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ISBN 9781107179448. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
- ^ Bashford Dean (1895). Fishes, Living and Fossil: An Outline of Their Forms and Probable Relationships. Macmillan and Company. p. 130. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ^ Summary of Large Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828. Homepage.mac.com [dead link]
- ^ Large tiger sharks Archived 2012-04-10 at the Wayback Machine. Homepage.mac.com
- ^ Carcharhinus obscurus, Dusky shark : fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org (2012-07-03)
- ^ Summary of Large Bull Shark Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839) Archived 2012-01-20 at the Wayback Machine. Homepage.mac.com
- ^ Great hammerhead videos, photos and facts – Sphyrna mokarran Archived 2013-12-22 at the Wayback Machine. ARKive
- ^ Scyliorhinus stellaris, Nursehound: fisheries, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ ISFC, Balnagowan, Mobhi Boreen, Glasnevin, Dublin 9 Archived 2011-03-18 at the Wayback Machine. Irish-trophy-fish.com
- ^ Chimaera lignaria (Carpenter’s Chimaera, Giant Chimaera, Giant Purple Chimaera). Iucnredlist.org
- ^ Heterodontus portusjacksoni, Port Jackson shark: fisheries, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Carcharodon carcharias, Great white shark: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Alopias vulpinus, Thresher: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Monster 16ft shark sold for £255. BBC News (2007-11-22)
- ^ Goblin Sharks, Mitsukurina owstoni Jordan 1898 Archived 2012-03-05 at the Wayback Machine. Homepage.mac.com
- ^ FLMNH Ichthyology Department: Megamouth. Flmnh.ufl.edu (2010-11-06)
- ISBN 978-0-12-415031-7.
- PMID 20479893.
- .
- ^ Manta birostris, Giant manta: fisheries. FishBase.org
- ^ Giant devilray videos, photos and facts – Mobula mobular Archived 2013-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. ARKive
- ^ First documented catch of the giant devil ray Mobula mobular. Docstoc.com
- ^ Smooth Stingray, Dasyatis brevicaudata (Hutton, 1875). Australian Museum (2011-10-20)
- ^ Himantura chaophraya, Freshwater whipray: fisheries, aquaculture, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Giant freshwater stingray videos, photos and facts - Himantura chaophraya Archived 2013-12-24 at the Wayback Machine. ARKive
- ^ "Whale Shark | Species | WWF". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
- ^ Nurse Sharks – Nurse Shark Pictures – Nurse Shark Facts. Animals.nationalgeographic.com
- ^ Pristis pectinata, Smalltooth sawfish: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Pristis zijsron, Longcomb sawfish: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Big Fish Stories. Elasmo-research.org
- ^ FLMNH Ichthyology Department: Largetooth Sawfish Archived 2014-01-09 at the Wayback Machine. Flmnh.ufl.edu (2003-04-01)
- ^ Pristis microdon, Largetooth sawfish: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Pliotrema warreni, Sixgill sawshark: gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Rhynchobatus djiddensis, Giant guitarfish: fisheries, gamefish, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Dipturus batis, Blue skate: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Somniosus microcephalus, Greenland shark: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ISBN 978-0-19-539294-4
- ^ The New World of the Oceans: Men and Oceanography
- ^ Squalus acanthias, Picked dogfish: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Squatina squatina, Angelshark: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ISBN 978-0-7614-7266-7.
- ^ Bigelow, H.B. & W.C. Schroeder (1953). Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Part 2. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University. pp. 80–104.
- ^ Bester, C. Biological Profiles: Atlantic Torpedo. Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. Retrieved on November 30, 2009.
- ^ Capapé, C., O. Guélorget, Y. Vergne, J.P. Quignard, M.M. Ben Amor and M.N. Bradai (2006). "Biological observations on the black torpedo, Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte 1835 Chondrichthyes: Torpedinidae, from two Mediterranean areas" (PDF). Annales Series Historia Naturalis Koper. 16 (1): 19–28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-10.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - .
- ^ fishbase.de
- ^ springer.com and new scientist.com
- ^ "Biggest Fish Ever Found" Unearthed in U.K. News.nationalgeographic.com (2010-10-28)
- ^ Huso dauricus (Georgi, 1775). FishBase.org
- ^ Psephurus gladius, Chinese swordfish: fisheries. FishBase.org
- ^ ISBN 978-0-12-547665-2
- ISBN 0-471-25031-7
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Amiidae" in FishBase. January 2009 version.
- ^ Conger conger, European conger: fisheries, gamefish, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ FishBase Archived 2013-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. FishBase (2011-11-15).
- ^ Atherinopsis californiensis, Jack silverside: fisheries. FishBase.org
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2012). "Bathylychnops exilis" in FishBase. February 2012 version.
- ^ Some biological features of longnose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox (Alepisauridae) from the Western Indian Ocean. Mendeley.com
- ^ Batrachoides surinamensis, Pacuma toadfish: fisheries, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus, Hound needlefish: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2015). "Sargocentron spiniferum" in FishBase. March 2015 version.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2015). "Holocentrus adscensionis" in FishBase. March 2015 version.
- .
- ^ "world freshwater fish records] of the International Game Fish Association". schoolofflyfishing.com. Archived from the original on 2007-08-27.
- ^ Hydrocynus goliath, Giant tigerfish: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Salminus brasiliensis, Dorado: fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ November pg6.htm How to Identify Fish Families[permanent dead link]. Brooklynaquariumsociety.org (December 2002)
- ^ Catlocarpio siamensis, Giant barb: fisheries, aquaculture. FishBase.org
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2017). "Tor putitora" in FishBase. September 2017 version.
- ^ R. O. Anderson and R. M. Neumann, Length, Weight, and Associated Structural Indices, in Fisheries Techniques, second edition, B.E. Murphy and D.W. Willis, eds., American Fisheries Society, 1996.
- ^ Esox masquinongy, Muskellunge: fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Anableps dowei, Pacific foureyed fish: aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Megalops atlanticus, Tarpon: fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Gadus morhua, Atlantic cod: fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Metabolism Summary – Oxygen – Spinachia spinachia Archived 2013-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. FishBase.org.cn (2008-03-03)
- hdl:2027.42/56433.
- ^ FAMILIES – Detail. FishBase.org
- ISBN 978-1-57806-246-1
- ^ Lampris guttatus, Opah: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Lophius piscatorius, Angler: fisheries. FishBase.org
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Osmerus mordax" in FishBase. June 2006 version.
- ^ Makaira mazara, Indo-Pacific blue marlin: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ The Biggest Fish I Ever Saw Archived 2013-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. Marlin Magazine (2007-03-27)
- ISBN 0789477645
- ^ James R. Chambers. Largest Bluefin Tuna – All-Tackle IGFA World Record. Bigmarinefish.com (2010-05-24)
- ^ Xiphias gladius, Swordfish: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Lates niloticus, Nile perch: fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Lee County Fishing Guides in One Place! Find Them All Here! Fishsanibel.com
- ^ Lutjanus cyanopterus, Cubera snapper: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Haemulon album, White margate: fisheries, gamefish, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Grunts, Fish Species – Your Fish Identification and Fishing Field Guide. Theoutdoorlodge.com
- ^ [1]. FishBase.org
- ^ Chaetodon ephippium, Saddle butterflyfish: fisheries, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Freeman, B. J. and Wenger, S. J. Description and Distribution of Species Covered by the Etowah HCP Archived 2013-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. UGA River Basin Center, November, 2006
- ISBN 978-0-632-05616-3
- ^ Totoaba macdonaldi, Totoaba: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ Epinephelus itajara, Goliath grouper: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- ^ http://www.mesa.edu.au/AtoZ/giant_grouper.asp A to Z of Oz Marine Life
- ^ The 10 biggest cichlids Archived 2013-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. Practical Fishkeeping
- ^ Humphead wrasse videos, photos and facts – Cheilinus undulatus Archived 2013-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. ARKive
- ^ The Biogeography of the Garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus) Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine. Bss.sfsu.edu
- ^ Oxyeleotris marmorata Archived 2011-11-22 at the Wayback Machine. Fishing-worldrecords.com
- ^ Hippoglossus stenolepis, Pacific halibut: fisheries, gamefish, aquarium. Fishbase.sinica.edu.tw
- ^ Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Atlantic halibut: fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Polypterus in FishBase. September 2017 version.
- ISBN 9061936438
- ^ Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Chinook salmon: fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Erilepis zonifer, Skilfish: fisheries, gamefish, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Orthonopias triacis, Snubnose sculpin. FishBase.org
- ^ Grizzly Bear-Size Catfish Caught in Thailand. National Geographic News (2005-06-29)
- ^ Fish whopper: 646 pounds a freshwater record. NBC News (2005-07-01)
- ^ Seth Mydans. Hunt for the big fish becomes a race Archived 2009-05-01 at the Wayback Machine. International Herald Tribune (2005-08-25)
- ^ Pangasianodon gigas, Mekong giant catfish: fisheries, aquaculture. FishBase.org
- ^ Pangasius sanitwongsei, Giant pangasius: fisheries, aquaculture, aquarium. FishBase.org
- ^ Brachyplatystoma filamentosum, Kumakuma: fisheries, gamefish. FishBase.org
- S2CID 23057815.
- JSTOR 1444136.
- ^ Idiacanthus atlanticus, Black dragonfish. FishBase.org
- ^ Will Wooten. Seahorse Quick ID Guide. seahorse.org (2004-01-26)
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2010). "Balistoides viridescens" in FishBase. 1 2010 version.
- ^ Zeus capensis, Cape dory: fisheries. FishBase.org
- ^ NOVA. Transcripts. The Missing Link. PBS (2002-02-26)
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Lepidosirenidae" in FishBase. January 2009 version.
- ^ Protopterus aethiopicus Archived 2011-08-03 at the Wayback Machine. Fishing-worldrecords.com