MAPKAPK2
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 1: 206.68 – 206.73 Mb | Chr 1: 130.98 – 131.03 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
| View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPKAPK2 gene.[5][6][7]
Function
This gene encodes a member of the
HSP27 was shown to be its major direct substrate in vivo. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.[8]
Vascular barrier
MK2 pathway has been demonstrated to have a key role in maintaining and repairing the integrity of endothelial barrier in the lung via actin[9] and vimentin remodeling. Activation of MK2 via its phosphorylation by p38 has been shown to restore the vascular barrier[7] and repair vascular leak,[10] associated with over 60 medical conditions, including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a major cause of death around the world.[11]
SASP initiation
MAPKAPK2 mediates the initiation of the
Interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A) is found on the surface of senescent cells, where it contributes to the production of SASP factors due to a positive feedback loop with NF-κB.[14][15] Translation of mRNA for IL1A is highly dependent upon mTOR activity.[16] mTOR activity increases levels of IL1A, mediated by MAPKAPK2.[14]
See also
- SB 203580, suppresses the activation of MAPKAPK2
- MK2-AP directly activates MAPKAPK2 independent of p38.[7]
Interactions
MAPKAPK2 has been shown to
interact
with:
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162889 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016528 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 8179591.
- PMID 8280084.
- ^ PMID 26066827.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: MAPKAPK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2".
- PMID 17163490.
- PMID 21618534.
- S2CID 23293950.
- PMID 32397145.
- PMID 31316753.
- ^ PMID 26147250.
- PMID 28371119.
- S2CID 4960885.
- ^ PMID 11042204.
- PMID 11551945.
- ^ S2CID 43606580.
- S2CID 25779284.
Further reading
- Kapopara PR, von Felden J, Soehnlein O, et al. (December 2014). "Deficiency of MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) prevents adverse remodelling and promotes endothelial healing after arterial injury". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 112 (6): 1264–76. S2CID 12322445.
- Ben-Levy R, Hooper S, Wilson R, et al. (September 1998). "Nuclear export of the stress-activated protein kinase p38 mediated by its substrate MAPKAP kinase-2". Current Biology. 8 (19): 1049–57. S2CID 15627349.
- Stokoe D, Engel K, Campbell DG, et al. (November 1992). "Identification of MAPKAP kinase 2 as a major enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of the small mammalian heat shock proteins". FEBS Letters. 313 (3): 307–13. PMID 1332886.
- Vulliet PR, Woodgett JR, Cohen P (November 1984). "Phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase by calmodulin-dependent multiprotein kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 259 (22): 13680–3. PMID 6150037.
- Engel K, Schultz H, Martin F, et al. (November 1995). "Constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 by mutation of phosphorylation sites and an A-helix motif". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (45): 27213–21. PMID 7592979.
- Lavoie JN, Lambert H, Hickey E, et al. (January 1995). "Modulation of cellular thermoresistance and actin filament stability accompanies phosphorylation-induced changes in the oligomeric structure of heat shock protein 27". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (1): 505–16. PMID 7799959.
- Sutherland C, Alterio J, Campbell DG, et al. (October 1993). "Phosphorylation and activation of human tyrosine hydroxylase in vitro by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and MAP-kinase-activated kinases 1 and 2". European Journal of Biochemistry. 217 (2): 715–22. PMID 7901013.
- Knauf U, Jakob U, Engel K, et al. (January 1994). "Stress- and mitogen-induced phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein Hsp25 by MAPKAP kinase 2 is not essential for chaperone properties and cellular thermoresistance". The EMBO Journal. 13 (1): 54–60. PMID 7905823.
- Freshney NW, Rawlinson L, Guesdon F, et al. (September 1994). "Interleukin-1 activates a novel protein kinase cascade that results in the phosphorylation of Hsp27". Cell. 78 (6): 1039–49. S2CID 37608621.
- Rivera VM, Miranti CK, Misra RP, et al. (October 1993). "A growth factor-induced kinase phosphorylates the serum response factor at a site that regulates its DNA-binding activity". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 13 (10): 6260–73. PMID 8413226.
- Beyaert R, Cuenda A, Vanden Berghe W, et al. (April 1996). "The p38/RK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates interleukin-6 synthesis response to tumor necrosis factor". The EMBO Journal. 15 (8): 1914–23. PMID 8617238.
- Ben-Levy R, Leighton IA, Doza YN, et al. (December 1995). "Identification of novel phosphorylation sites required for activation of MAPKAP kinase-2". The EMBO Journal. 14 (23): 5920–30. PMID 8846784.
- Tan Y, Rouse J, Zhang A, et al. (September 1996). "FGF and stress regulate CREB and ATF-1 via a pathway involving p38 MAP kinase and MAPKAP kinase-2". The EMBO Journal. 15 (17): 4629–42. PMID 8887554.
- Huang CK, Zhan L, Ai Y, et al. (January 1997). "LSP1 is the major substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 in human neutrophils". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (1): 17–9. PMID 8995217.
- Krump E, Sanghera JS, Pelech SL, et al. (January 1997). "Chemotactic peptide N-formyl-met-leu-phe activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 in human neutrophils". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (2): 937–44. PMID 8995385.
- Engel K, Kotlyarov A, Gaestel M (June 1998). "Leptomycin B-sensitive nuclear export of MAPKAP kinase 2 is regulated by phosphorylation". The EMBO Journal. 17 (12): 3363–71. PMID 9628873.
- Craxton A, Shu G, Graves JD, et al. (October 1998). "p38 MAPK is required for CD40-induced gene expression and proliferation in B lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology. 161 (7): 3225–36. S2CID 39342790.
- Heidenreich O, Neininger A, Schratt G, et al. (May 1999). "MAPKAP kinase 2 phosphorylates serum response factor in vitro and in vivo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (20): 14434–43. PMID 10318869.
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