Military junta
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A military junta (
A junta often comes to power as a result of a
Throughout the 20th century, military juntas were frequently seen in Latin America, typically in the form of an "institutionalized, highly corporate/professional junta" headed by the commanding officers of the different military branches (army, navy, and air force), and sometimes joined by the head of the national police or other key bodies.[3] Political scientist Samuel Finer, writing in 1988, noted that juntas in Latin America tended to be smaller than juntas elsewhere; the median junta had 11 members, while Latin American juntas typically had three or four.[3] "Corporate" military coups have been distinguished from "factional" military coups. The former are carried out by the armed forces as an institution, led by senior commanders at the top of the military hierarchy, while the latter are carried out by a segment of the armed forces and are often led by mid-ranking officers.[3][6]
A 2014 study published in the
Current examples
Africa
Burkina Faso – Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (2022–)
Chad – Transitional Administration (2022–)[8]
Gabon – Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions (2023–)
Guinea – National Committee of Reconciliation and Development (2021–)
Mali – Transitional Administration (2021–)[9]
Niger – National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland (2023–)
Sudan – Transitional Sovereignty Council (2021–)[10][11]
Asia
Myanmar – State Administration Council (2021–)
Former examples
Africa
- Transitional Military Council(2021–2022)
Egypt – Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (2011–2012)
Ethiopia – Derg (1974–1987)
Liberia – People's Redemption Council (1980–1984)
Libya – Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977)- Mali – National Committee for the Salvation of the People (2020–2021)[12]
Military juntas(1966–1979 and 1983–1999)- Sudan – Transitional Military Council (2019)
Americas
Argentina – Argentine Revolution (1966–1973), National Reorganization Process (1976–1983)
Bolivia – Bolivian military juntas (1970–1971 and 1980–1982)
1930 and 1969
Chile – Government Junta (1973–1990)
Colombia – Military Junta (1957–1958)
Ecuador – Military Junta (1963), Supreme Council of Government (1976–1979)
El Salvador – Civic Directory (1931), Junta of Government (1960–1961), Civic-Military Directory (1961–1962), Revolutionary Government Junta (1979–1982)
Guatemala – Junta of the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
Haiti – Junta of the 1991 Haitian coup d'état (1991–1994)
Nicaragua – Junta of National Reconstruction (1979–1985)
Peru – Military junta (1962–1963), Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru (1968–1980), Military junta (1989–2000)
Uruguay – Military junta (1973-1985)
Venezuela – Military junta (1948–1958)
Asia
Bangladesh – Military governments of Ziaur Rahman (1975–1981) and Hussain Muhammad Ershad (1982–1990)
China (Republic of) – Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion (1948–1991) used by the Kuomintang after the fall of mainland China to the Communists
Indonesia – Military government of Suharto, also known as the New Order (1966–1998)- Myanmar – Union Revolutionary Council (1962–1974), State Peace and Development Council (1988–2011)
(1999–2008)
South Korea – Military governments of Park Chung Hee (1962–1979), Chun Doo-hwan (1980–1988)
Thailand – National Peace Keeping Council (1991–1992), Council for National Security (2006–2008), National Council for Peace and Order (2014–2019)
Europe
Bulgaria – 1934 Bulgarian coup d'état (1934–1935)
Georgia – Military Council of the Republic of Georgia (6 January–10 March 1992)
Greece – Regime of the Colonels, officially the "Revolutionary Committee" (1967–1974)
Poland – Military Council of National Salvation (1981–1983)
Portugal – National Salvation Junta (1974–1975)
Turkey – National Unity Committee (1960–1961), Council for National Security (1980–1983)
Oceania
Fiji – Military government of Frank Bainimarama (2006–2014)[13]
See also
- Civilian control of the military
- Civil–military relations
- Stratocracy
References
- ^ a b Junta, Encyclopædia Britannica (last updated 1998).
- JSTOR 3694260.
- ^ a b c d Paul Brooker, Non-Democratic Regimes (Palgrave Macmillan: 2d ed. 2009), pp. 148-150.
- ^ a b c d e Paul Brooker, Comparative Politics (ed. Daniele Caramani: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 101-102.
- ^ Brooker, Non-Democratic Regimes (2d ed.), p. 153.
- ^ David Kuehn, "Democratic Control of the Military" in Handbook of the Sociology of the Military (eds. Giuseppe Caforio & Marina Nuciari: Springer, 2nd ed.), p. 164.
- ^ .
- ^ Ramadane, Mahamat (2 October 2022). "Junta set to stay in power after Chad delays elections by two years". Reuters. N'Djamena. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Ahmed, Baba (2 January 2022). "Mali junta defies mediators with 5-year transition plan". Associated Press. Bamako. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ Gavin, Michelle (8 April 2022). "Junta and Public at Odds in Sudan". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- Cairo, Egypt. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ "Mali: President Bah N'Daw decrees the dissolution of the CNSP". The Africa Report.com. 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
- ^ "Fiji holds historic election after years of military rule - DW - 17.09.2014". DW.com. Deutsche Welle.