Nigamananda Paramahansa

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Nigamananda Saraswati.

Swami Nigamananda Saraswati
British India
ReligionHinduism
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GuruBamakhepa, Sachidananda Saraswati, Sumerudas Ji aka Koot Hoomi, Gouri Maa
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Quotation

My dear children! Life in the household is beset with many trials and tribulations. In spite of all these turmoils it has one advantage to provide – it can bring opportunities for realization of God and self

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Swami Nigamananda Paramahansa (born Nalinikanta Chattopadhyay; 18 August 1880

Shakta tradition and a spiritual master of vedanta, tantra, yoga and prema or bhakti.[7][8][9][10][11] His followers referred him as Thakura
.

Nigamananda was born into a

sannyasi from Adi Shankar's dashanami sampradaya. After his ordination as a sannyasi, he came to be known as Paribrajakacharya Paramahansa Srimat Swami Nigamananda Saraswati Deva.[2]

Nigamananda achieved

Nirvikalpa Samadhi.[17]

In 1912, on the eve of Akshaya Tritaya, an event took place with the laying of the foundation of Shanti Ashram at Kokilamukh, Assam. Within the ashram, Thakur himself founded the space known as the Gurubrhama Gaadi, which served as a focal point for devotees. Adherents from any religious tradition could come together to engage in their spiritual practices.

As an ascetic affiliated with the title of Saraswati under the Sringeri Math, Thakur named his ashram as "Saraswat Math". This nomenclature supported his spiritual lineage and also conveyed his reverence for the goddess Saraswati.

After retiring from Saraswata Math, Nigamananda spent the last fourteen years of his life in

Sadguru.[18]

Life

Childhood, studies and service life (1880–1901)

कुतबपुर-Kutabpur(Gurudham), the birthplace of Swami Nigamananda in dist. Nadia

At his birth, Nigamananda was named Nalinikanta (নলিনীকান্ত, ନଳିନୀକାନ୍ତ, नलिनीकान्त - in

Hindu meaning is: Lotus, water),[19] per the wishes of his father, Bhuban Mohan and the advice of his father's guru, Swami Bhaskarananda Saraswati.[20] At the age of thirteen (1893), Nalinikanta lost his mother Manikya Sundari Devi to cholera, pushing him into depression.[21][22] In 1894-95, he passed the student scholarship examination and studied at Meherpur High School
.

In 1895, he entered

occult science.[25]

Turning point

Until he lost his wife, Nalinikanta had seen death as the end, but losing her led him to believe that there must be life after death.

medium, he was able to talk to his wife, but remained unsatisfied. His discussions at the society led him to search for a yogi
who could fulfill his desire to meet his dead wife and educate him in the true philosophy of "life after death".

Spiritual experience (1902–1905)

"Nalinikanta" took to asceticism and named after Nigamananda in 1904 (on the 11th Vadra in 1309 BS)[18]

I had ramble like a mad chap caring little for bodily comforts for god and guru(master). God never descended for a moment to assist me. The day I traced my guru and received His blessings, things turned in my favour. Prior to that although I had undertaken various practices they did not yield any result. As soon as I come under the guidance of my gurudev(master) whatever practices I followed, I got success in each of them. It is therefore very importance that a blessing of

sadhana - SWAMI NIGAMANANDA[28][29][30]

One night, Nalinikanta dreamed of a

Brahma sutras and vedanta. He was initiated by the Satchidananda into renunciation and according to that principle changed his name to Nigamananda.[36]

Satchidananda directed Nigamananda to undertake pilgrimages to the four institutions (Char Dham) of religious seats and to realize the significance of each, as the Hindus held these places of worship sacred.[37] After these pilgrimages, he returned to the ashram.

On his arrival at the ashram, Sachidananda reviewed Nigamananda's pilgrimages and stated: "My boy, you have travelled widely and seen the religious places and acquired knowledge and experience. All that I had to teach you has been accomplished but it is for you now to put my teachings into practice. You have to experience for yourself the truth of your being and this can only be done through concerted efforts as well as the practice and observance of

yogic principles. Thus, you now have to seek out a guru who will provide you with proper guidance in this line".[38]

Gauhati(Assam)-Kamakhya Hill: This is the place, where Nigamananda experienced Nirivikalpa Samadhi (निर्बिकल्प समाधि)and the place is identified by government of Assam in 2012.[39]

Nigamananda then went out to seek a guru. In 1903, he met a "yogi guru" (

vedic knowledge.[43][44][45][46]

(The place where the "Nirvikalpa samadhi" was experienced by Swami Nigamananda has been identified. Assam Governor Janaki Ballav Patnaik inaugurated the Nirbikalpa Sidhi Sthal of Swami Nigamananda at Nilachal Hills in Kamakhya Dham, Guwahati on 20 December 2012.[47][48])

In 1904, he was in Kashi (now known as

Sadhana. Gouri devi accepted him as disciple and taught him bhakti or prem (eternal nature of divine love play) to understand the physical world as the transformation of god in bhava sadhana.[51][52]

Nigamananda's long and continued search for his guru, resembled the search undertaken by his future disciples to find him.[53][54][55]

Recognition as paramahamsa (1904)

In 1904, Nigamananda went to

vedanta philosophy there was no difference between his 'Guru' (Shri Sachidanand Saraswati) and 'Jagadguru' (Shri Shankarcharya)".[59][60]

Jagadguru Sankaracarya endorsed this response and recognized Nigamananda as one who had achieved spiritual enlightenment.[61] Jagadguru conferred him with the title "Paramahamsa" and was known as "Paribrajakacharay Paramahansa Shree Mad Swami Nigamananda Saraswati Deva" (परिब्राजकचार्य परमहंस श्री मद स्वामी निगमानंद सरस्वती देव).[62][63][64]

Death (1935)

Nigamananda spent the last fourteen years of his life in

Calcutta on 29 November 1935.[2] In memory of Nigamananda, his followers gather at annual congregations (sammilani),[66]
and other ceremonial occasions.

His ashram at Halisahar,[2][67][68] Saraswata Matha (previously Shanti Ashram) in Jorhat and Sundarbans are places of pilgrimage.[69][70]

Mission

Nigamananda's mission was to propagate

sanatana dharma (सनातन धर्म), the spiritual foundation of the Hindu religion, to spread the "right kind of education" (सत् शिक्षा विस्तार) among people, to publish spiritual literature with emphasis on character building and to provide "service to all created beings" (नर देहे नारायण सेवा), with the attitude of serving the indwelling God.[71]

In order to realize these objectives he enjoined his devotees to "lead an ideal family life" (आदर्श गृहस्थ जीवन गठन), to combine the power of spiritual associations (संघ शक्ति प्रतिष्ठा) and "to share or exchange spiritual feelings among the disciples" (भाव विनिमय).[72][73]

Jayaguru (जयगुरु ଜୟଗୁରୁ জয়গুরু)

To achieve the above objectives, he initiated thousands of interested men and women of all walks of life and taught them his spiritual practices. They were devoid of sectarian bias in that they did not provide a complete package of worship, prayer and meditation. He encouraged his disciples to meet periodically in groups (

sangha) of three or more to offer prayer and worship to the guru, to exchange spiritual experiences and to chant "jayaguru" (जयगुरु ଜୟଗୁରୁ),[74]
a non-sectarian word he invented, meaning "Glory of, by, and for the Master".

He instructed them to read spiritual books and devise ways and means for managing

user-generated source?
]

Philosophy and teachings

(Bhagvad Gita 18.62).[76]

Nigamananda was a

vedanta philosophy due to Shankaracharya after he was initiated as a sanyasi of that order.[77]

Nigamananda's teachings were that guru and

istha are identical and that disciples should adopt ideals of Lord Shankar (i.e. the principles of gyan) and ideals of Lord Gaurang (i.e. the path of bhakti). He indicated that Shankar's disciplines were difficult and that Lord Gaurang offered an easier path. According to Nigamananda, Shankar and Gaurang provide a combination of Gyan and Bhakti to lead the world in the right way.[78]

Nigamananda's philosophy and teachings as per Chetanananda Saraswati are explained here:

Avatar and Sadguru

Nigamananda never admitted that he was God-incarnate or an

leela (divine play.)[81]

Sadguru, Jagadguru and God

According to Nigamananda the disciple should take his Guru to be the Jagadguru (or the World Master, the Purushottama) and not an ordinary human being, in tune with Krishna's statement in the Bhagavad Gita:[82]

He who truly knows My birth and activities to be divine is not born again but attains to Me –

Bhagavadgeeta (4.9).[83]

Patanjali's aphorism expands this idea: "By contemplating on the form of one who has no attachments, concentration of mind is attained", Nigamananda advised his disciples to meditate on his physical form such that all the admirable qualities and attributes in him would get automatically transferred into their beings and fashion their souls.[84] Further he assured that because he had, by employing three modes of spiritual practice, simultaneously experienced the nature of Brahman (ब्रह्म), Paramatma (परमात्मा) (supreme universal self) and Bhagawan (भगवान) (personal and universal Godhead.) He proclaimed that his disciples would simultaneously have such an experience. That, he said, "was his only expectation from his disciples and he would love to wait for the day to see that fulfilled".[85]

Order of spiritual attainments

According to Nigamananda, the theory of self-realization requires expanding the individual self to the status of the universal self. The expansions can be practiced only by the competent among the aspirant

Lord Krishna
himself in the Bhagavad Gita:

Having realized the state of oneness with the supreme self or Parabrahman and attaining tranquility in spirit, the aspirant neither grieves nor desires and regarding all beings as alike he attains supreme devotion to Me -

Bhagavadgeeta (18.54).[87]

Reconciliation of monistic and dualistic pursuits

Unlike saints who recognized and preached a diversity of doctrines for self / God realisation and offered multiple paths to attain them, Nigamananda suggested the realisation of the oneness of self and the supreme universal self (or

Parabrahman-परंब्रह्म) as the true and the highest goal of human life.[88]

For most aspirants, the path is one of devotion to the spiritual master (Sadguru) who initiates them. Rendering personal service to the Master and invoking his grace through prayers, chanting and simple meditation are the modes of spiritual practice for them. They will acquire non-dualistic realization that their Master is a realized soul (Brahmajnani-ब्रह्मज्ञानी) and experience bliss due to intense love for him over the course of time, when they are enabled to participate in his Leela (love play-लिला) for helping others.

Nigamananda pointed out that the path shown by

Sri Krishna
(or any other deity whom the aspirant loved), in which case the guide himself becomes the goal.

In this way, Nigamananda reconciled the two contradictory creeds of Shankaracharya and Gauranga who advocated the principle and practice of apparent duality between the devotee and God. Nigamananda pointed out that in the path of devotion and love the aspirant has to subdue or tame his ego and hence he attains to the same stage as that of the monastic aspirant whose ego loses its identity on attaining to his goal. In the former case, the devotee's individuality is reduced to a trifle, overpowered by personal god-consciousness, whereas in the latter the aspirant loses his self-consciousness in the ocean of impersonal universal consciousness.[89]

Jnanachakra[90]

Nigamananda pointed out that although the doctrine of monastic vedanta philosophy treats the supreme reality in terms of oneness of individual and universal consciousness, it does not explain the structure of the material creation that is addressed by

Samkhya philosophy.[91]

This latter does not treat the supreme reality as well. Similarly, whereas Christianity emphasizes service and surrender as means to God realization, the Indian philosophy of

Poorva Mimamsa
prescribes various rituals for the attainment of personal and collective happiness despite cycles of birth and death.

By means of a Jnanachakra (ज्ञानचक्र)

Yogamaya is a form of divine power,[97]
which incessantly attracts earth-bound souls and helps them realise their true blissful nature and participate in divine play).

A Paramahamsa can be accepted as a perfect man and is to be considered as the God-man. At this he remains in "Chinmaya" form i.e. eternal body and becomes the fountain of love (Prem).[98][99]

Other key teachings

Other key teachings of Nigamananda as stated by Chetnananda Saraswati are:

  • Spiritual liberation requires the help of a liberated person (a Master Sadguru or simply Guru). In the Hindu scriptures that person is known as Guru. Without his grace or favor none can make progress. He who has attained the ultimate reality (Paramatman or Brahman) as one and the same as himself (the Atman) is the Guru.[100]
  • The Guru cannot be equated in importance to formal learning, pilgrimage or divinity. No other is more worthy of respect.
  • The Guru is the embodiment of what the Vedanta teaches – the individual self (the Atman) is one and the same as the cosmic self (Paramatman or Brahman).
  • A Sadguru never curses anyone. Even his anger helps the disciple. The advantage of depending on a Sadguru is unique and is superior to depending on God because God never materializes to give instructions.
  • The Guru and the disciple are inseparable in a way. The Guru cannot exist without being a part of a true disciple's personality or character.
  • The two pathways to liberation are by initiation into and observation of the austerities of sannyasa yoga or by service to a Sadguru. The former is extremely arduous – the disciple must in a sense die. In other words, he must lose body consciousness. But if one unconditionally loves the Guru by way of rendering service to him sincerely, spiritual liberation may be obtained relatively easily.
  • Nothing substantial can be achieved without Guru's grace.
  • The mantra that Guru gives during initiation and the disciple's chosen divinity (or Ista) are the same. Unless the Guru becomes the chosen divinity, the mantra received loses its power.[101][102]
  • Acquisition of disciples is not Guru's profession; it is his heart's inspiration. The Guru cares for and guides the disciple hoping that one day the disciple will get spiritually enlightened.

Yoga, theories and techniques

The following theories are collected from the Oriya book Shri Shri Thakur Nigamananda (श्री श्री ठाकुर निगमानंद) and the writer, Durga Charan Mohanty-Banamali Dash:

Theory of jibanamukta upasana

One of Nigamananda's major precepts was the theory of

sadhaka to quick self-realization.[86][103]

Karmic theory

According to Nigamananda, karma is of three kinds viz. kriyaman, sanchita and prarbdha. Enjoying the results of one's labour while alive is kriyaman; death before enjoyment produces sanchita

sanskar of jiva.[104][105][106]

On death

Nigamananda said that one should remember that death is coming. Before working on good or evil deeds one should also remember that death is not far off. Contemplating death drives away the desire for sensual pleasure and evil thoughts and stops acts of injustice. Attachment to wealth and relations will then diminish. Earthly matters remain even after departure from this world. Only spiritual wealth remains as an asset to the individual. Those who have puffed with pride on account of their accomplishments will submit to the God of death when that hour comes. Drunk with pride, some persons ill-treat their brethren. They will be left in the deserted crematory ground with the beasts and birds waiting to feast upon their flesh. Thinking of this will drive evil thoughts from the mind.[107]

Yoga

Nigamananda wrote a great deal on Yoga. His theories and techniques can be found in his book "Yogi Guru".[108][109][110] Samples:

Hatha yoga and Laya yoga

laya yoga. Hatha yoga can make the body strong, enabling it to survive for four hundred years or more, whereas laya yoga helps the aspirant to attain union with the supreme. If the body is not kept purified both externally and internally with hatha yoga, attempting laya yoga would yield no result.[111][112]

Dharana and dhyan

Nigamananda taught that the breathing system is connected with the intricate workings of the mind. Therefore, practice of pranayama leads to calmer breathing and thereby maintains tranquility of mind. Mind is subjected to forces of disturbed thoughts owing to irregular breathing. He said "I had applied myself to the higher practices of yoga, thereafter, i.e. dharana and dhyan (meditation)". The sadhaka is likely to peril his life if he does not take assistance of another during these advanced practices. During Dhāraṇā, the sadhaka experiences his own progress and when the estimated height in sadhana is achieved, he enters into successive steps of progress. While being absorbed in the practice of dhyan, the sadhaka may cross over to the state of samadhi. When he achieves this state of consciousness is not predictable. Until samadhi, the sadhaka gropes in the darkness aided by Guru.[113][114]

Sampragyant samadhi

Nigamananda pointed out that if earlier practices are perfected, the succeeding steps yield lasting results. The sadhaka enters samadhi as a matter of his own experience, including the awakening of

kundalini. The upward and downward motion of kundalini[115][116] is called Sampragyant Samadhi (सम्प्रज्ञात समाधि).[117][118]

Works

Institutions founded

Garohill Yoga Ashram

Nigamananda founded his first Yoga Ashram in 1905 (1312 BS) at Kodaldhoa in Garo Hills, which is called now "Garohill-Yogashrama" (गारोहिल योगाश्रम). His famous book "Yogi Guru" (योगिगुरु), was written and composed here in 14 days.[16][18][119][120]

Saraswata Matha

Main article: Shanti Ashram

Nigamananda founded Shanti Ashram (शांति आश्रम) in 1912 at Jorhat to fulfill his three missions, to propagate Sanatana Dharma (spreading eternal religion), spreading true education and serve everybody as god incarnate.

He took a plot of land of Jorhat in

Baishakh (in 1319 BS according to Bengal calendar). This was called “Shanti Ashram” or Saraswata Matha (सारस्वत मठ), which went by the name of Assam-Bengal Saraswata Matha (आसाम बंगीय सारस्वत मठ) in the later years.[23]
[121][122] Rishi Vidyalaya was an important school founded under this matha for yoga training.[2][123][124]

Retirement

Nigamananda initiated ten devout disciples into

Swami Nirvanananda Saraswati"[125] (an erudite scholar, philosopher and writer who became famous as Anirvan later on) and "Swami Prajnananda Saraswati". Swearing in Swami Prajnanandaji as the mahant and Trustee of the "Saraswat Matha and Ashrama Establishments".[126] Swami Nigamananda retired and resided in Nilachala Kutir in Puri for several years, until 1935.[127]

Swami Nigamananda's monastic organization Assam Bangiya Saraswata Matha at Kokilamukh, Jorhat, India completed 100 years in 2011
100 Years of Saraswata Matha (1912–2011)

This

Baishakh, 2011 (1418 BS), i.e. 6 May 2011.[18][128]

Nigamananda said, this matha is very dear to my heart, I can sacrifice my life hundred times for the sake of this matha.[129]

Nilachala Saraswata Sangha

Main article: Nilachala Saraswata Sangha

Nigamananda accepted Jagannatha culture and advised his disciples to worship him according to their state/country's culture. He believed that Lord Jagannath is the "symbol of truth".[130][131]

The day

Sangha)[citation needed] came into existence to fulfill his tripartite objective: (1) leading an ideal family life, (2) establishment of combined power and (3) sharing of feelings.[citation needed
]

Guru Braham Ashrams

Nigamananda established Guru Brahama Ashrams (गुरु ब्रह्म आश्रम) where people from any faith can come and pray in their own ways.

He instituted five Ashrams in five divisions of

Dacca, now Purbasthali Bardhaman district,[134] Uttar Bangala Saraswat Ashram at Bogra, Paschima Bangala Saraswat Ashram at Kharkusama, Midnapore,[135] Dakhina Bangala Saraswat Ashram at Halisahar, 24 Paragans.[136]

Nigamananda installed Jagat Gurus Ashan (जगत गुरु आसन), in 1915 at Kokilamukh, Jorhat, Assam

guru-shishya tradition.[138]

Other foundations

Followers of Nigamananda run Nigamananda Education Centers in Orissa,[139] also schools and educational institutions around India.

Publications

Saraswata Granthavali

Sanatana Dharma Patrika-Arya Darapan[140]

Nigamananda wrote and published a series of books, known collectively as Saraswata Granthavali (सारस्वत ग्रंथावली). These are Brahmacharya Sadhan (ब्रह्मचर्य साधन), Yogiguru (योगिगुरु), Tantrikguru (तांत्रिकगुरु), Jnaniguru (ज्ञानीगुरु), and Premikguru (प्रेमिकगुरु) which dealt with the fundamentals of almost all modes of sadhana (spiritual practice) prevalent in

Sanatan Dharma.[141][142] Nigamanananda's followers believe that these books are useful to any faithful person and if practiced carefully will lead to success in spiritual pursuits. By Mohanty's efforts these books were translated from Bengali to Oriya.[143]

Arya Darpan

Nigamananda also published Arya Darpan (आर्य दर्पण),

sanatana dharma
, intended for disseminating non-sectarian spiritual knowledge among the masses. Many essays on important topics relating to religious and scriptural matters were included in this magazine. [146]

Thakurer Chithi

Advising his disciples, Nigamananda wrote letters, from which one hundred are collected in a book called Thakurer Chithi (ठाकुरेर चिठी). This information was published in a Calcutta magazine Modern Review, founded by Ramananda Chatterjee, on 26 December 1938.[147] Other Nigamananda collections are Maayer Kripa (मायेर कृपा),[148] Vedanta Vivek (वेदांत विवेक)[149] and Tattvamala (तत्वमाला).

Bhakta Sammilani

Swami Nigamananda (in middle) along with disciples in Bhakta Sammilani 1922

Nigamananda conducted an annual conference called

sanyasis.[150] This was formed to strengthen prayer groups, discuss the importance of having a guru, review the well-being of sanyasis living in the ashrams, help solve problems as a whole, provide welfare, such as schools, communities and to hold lectures by enlightened speakers on public spiritual life.[151][152]

Nigamananda categorized Bhakta Sammilani into "Sarbabhouma" (Country wide or सार्बभौम भक्त सम्मिलनी) and "Pradeshika (State wide or प्रादेशिक भक्त सम्मिलनी.) The first "Sarbabhouma Bhakta Sammilani" was established by him at Kokilamukh in 1915.

maagha.[154]

Swami Nigamananda's Utkal Pradeshika Bhakta Sammilani-No.61 (उत्कल प्रादेशिक भक्त सम्मिलनी), held in village Biratunga on 6,7,8 Feb 2012.[155]

Nigamananda set a different prayer day for women disciples where they alone could participate and exchange their views.

He said in one sammilani, "my devotees are fully aware that I am pleased to see them congregated in this sammilani, once in a year during X-mas. Such gathering would bring fame to the maths and it would also do good to the world at large".[156]

Legacy

Mohanty became Nigamananda's disciple and wrote books for Nigamananda's establishment Nilachala Saraswata Sangha and translated Nigamananda's Bengali books into Odia. Under Mohanty's encouragement, more than 100 ashrams operate in Odisha. Mohanty continued to spread the message of Nigamananda until his death on 7 December 1985.[157]

Nigamananda's birthday is celebrated every year on

Oriya culture. On 10 August 2014 his 134th Birthday was celebrated at Nilachala Kutir.[158]
The 63rd Bhakta Sammilani was celebrated in February 2014 at Bhadrak.

See also

Further reading

Books

Bengali
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa. Yogī guru (in Bengali).
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa. Gyānī guru (in Bengali).
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa. Tantrika guru (in Bengali).
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa. Premika guru (in Bengali).
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa. Vedanta Viveka (in Bengali).
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa (1910). Bramhacharya Sadhan (in Bengali).
Odia
English
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa (1989). Tantrika guru. Saraswata Sangha.
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa (1989). Gyānī guru. Nilachala Saraswata Sangha.
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa (1989). Premika guru. Nilachala Saraswata Sangha.
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa (1963). Yogī guru. Nilachala Sarasvata Sangha.
  • Swami Nigamānanda Paramahansa (1969). Brahamacharya Sadhana. Nilachala Sarasvata Sangha.

Libraries

English Literature
Bengali Literature
  • Premika Guru Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  • Yogi Guru Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network

Letters

References

  1. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 43. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Banik, Nandadulal (2012). "Paramahansha, Nigamananda". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  3. ISBN 978-81-7899-055-2
    . Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  4. ISBN 978-81-85004-46-4
    . Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  5. ^ Glory of India. Sadguru-Nigamananda. Motilal Banarsides. 1987. p. 98. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  6. ISBN 978-81-223-1062-7
    . Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  7. ISBN 978-84-7808-230-8
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  8. ISBN 978-81-260-1221-3
    . Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  9. ISBN 978-81-86791-66-0
    . Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  10. ISBN 978-81-207-2384-9
    . Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  11. ISBN 978-90-04-09478-9
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  12. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 105. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  13. ISBN 978-0-89684-019-5
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  14. ^ List of Books-Page:102, Brahamcharya Sadhana, Yogi Guru, Gyani Guru, Tantrika Guru, Premika Guru, (Ami ki Chai) at Religious movements in modern Bengal By Benoy Gopal Ray Visva-Bharati, 1965
  15. ^ Premika Guru, Bangla 4th Edition Archived 15 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine By West Bengal Public Library Network
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    .
  17. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). "Swami Nigamananda's Nirvikalpa Experience". Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 73. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
  18. ^ a b c d "Srimat Swami Nigamananda Saraswati Paramahamsa Dev - Life Story". Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
  19. ^ Ray, Benoy Gopal (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 100. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  20. ^ Nilachal Saraswat Sangh (Purī, India) (2001). Sadguru Swami Nigamananda (The Bhattacharya Family of Kutabpur ed.). Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri. p. 8. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  21. ^ a b c d e Sangha, America Saraswata. "Swami Nigamananda's Life Chronological Events". Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  22. ^ a b c Saraswata Sangha, Berhampur. "Swami Nigamananda". Nilachala Saraswata Sangha, Puri. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  23. ^ a b Palash Goswami. "Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math - Swami Nigamananda Paramhansadev".
  24. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 49. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  25. ^ Ray, Benoy Gopal (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 100. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Suddenly he saw the shadowy image of his wife
  26. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 50. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  27. ^ Ray, Benoy Gopal (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 100. Retrieved 9 June 2011. He went to the Theosophical Society at Adyar and discussed with theosphists...
  28. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 112. Retrieved 15 July 2011. a blessing of guru is very essential for success in spiritual sadhana
  29. ^ Biśuddhānanda Sarasvatī (Swami) (1985). In quest of myself: an autobiography. a blessing of guru is very essential for success in spiritual sadhana. Nigamananda Ashram. p. 55. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  30. ISBN 978-81-7182-090-0
    . Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  31. ISBN 978-81-86569-67-2
    . Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  32. ISBN 978-0-226-55723-6
    . Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  33. ^ Benoy Gopal Ray (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Universal mother seen in the form of "Sudhansubala" (wife of Nigamananda). Visva-Bharati. p. 100. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  34. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  35. ISBN 978-81-208-1943-6
    . Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  36. ^ Religious movements in modern Bengal Author-Benoy Gopal Ray, Visva-Bharati, 1965,His name was changed to "Nigamananda" .... Page -101
  37. Orissa
  38. ^ Benoy Gopal Ray (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 101. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  39. ^ Seven Sisters Post[usurped] - Swami Nigamananda's Nirbikalpa Sidhia Sthal(निर्विकल्प सिद्धि श्थल )at Guwahati identified.
  40. ^ Religious movements in modern Bengal Author-Benoy Gopal Ray, Visva-Bharati, 1965,After continuous search he found a Yogi Guru Sumeru Das ji.... Page -101
  41. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 72. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  42. ^ Nilachal Saraswat Sangh (Purī; India) (2001). Sadguru Swami Nigamananda. Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri. p. 188. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  43. ISBN 978-81-7021-911-8
    . Retrieved 1 September 2011.
  44. ^ "Srimat Swami Nigamananda Saraswati Paramahamsa Dev - Life Story". Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  45. ^ Rāmakumāra Rāya (1975). Encyclopedia of yoga. After Nirvikalpa Samadhi, the Yogi acquires right of becoming Jagdguru (Universal Master). Prachya Prakashan: distributors, Chaukhambha Orientalia. p. 287. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  46. ^ Nigamānanda (1997). The divine universal gospels of Sri Nigamananda: translation, a lucid word to word rendering to English. The total reflection of the feeling and form of the Universal Guru was present in Sri Nigamananda. Amitabh Giri. p. 8. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  47. ^ The Times of India - Swami Nigamananda's Nirbikalpa Sidhia Sthal(निर्विकल्प सिद्धि श्थल )at Guwahati identified.
  48. ^ The Assam Tribune Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine - Swami Nigamananda's Nirbikalpa Sidhia Sthal(निर्विकल्प सिद्धि श्थल )at Guwahati identified.
  49. ISBN 978-81-208-1943-6
    . Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  50. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 73. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  51. ^ Nilachal Saraswat Sangh (Purī; India) (2001). Sadguru Swami Nigamananda. Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri. p. 140. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  52. ISBN 978-3-496-00750-0
    . Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  53. ISBN 978-81-208-1943-6
    . Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  54. ^ Stories By Sri Chinmoy
  55. ISBN 978-84-7808-230-8
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  56. ISBN 978-81-208-1943-6
    . Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  57. ^ "Guru Stotram". Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  58. ^ "Not the outer form, but the inner essence". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  59. ^ Ādi Śaṅkara Advaita Research Centre (Madras, India) (1982). The Voice of Śaṅkara. Ādi Śaṅkara Advaita Research Centre. p. 140. Retrieved 15 June 2011. Non-difference between Guru and AcSrya JAGADGURU
  60. ISBN 978-1-933316-48-2
    . Retrieved 15 June 2011. The voice of the Jagadguru is an essential part of his message. But Hindus believe that the guru's presence is also part of his message because his spiritual presence can be felt by sincere spiritual seekers. ...
  61. ISBN 978-81-208-1943-6
    . Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  62. ^ Nilachal Saraswat Sangh (Purī; India) (2001). Sadguru Swami Nigamananda. Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri. p. 134. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  63. ISBN 978-81-208-1943-6
    . Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  64. ^ Shree Shree Thakur Nigamananda-Oriya Jeevani, See-"KUMBHA MELA" Writer: Durgacharan Mohanty, Banmali Das, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  65. ISBN 978-81-87176-00-8
    . Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  66. ISBN 978-81-7764-987-1
    . Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  67. ^ Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math and Cemetery of Swami Nigamananda
  68. ^ "The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) | Metro | Next weekend you can be at ... Halisahar". Telegraphindia.com. 29 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 July 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  69. ISBN 978-0-87481-053-0
    . Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  70. ISBN 978-81-7169-503-4
    . Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  71. ^ Ray, Benoy Gopal (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 102. Retrieved 9 June 2011. Sanatan Dharma which is eternal and changeless. Another aim is to impart proper Education....
  72. ^ Nilachal Saraswat Sangh (Purī; India) (2001). "Chapter-31". Sadguru Swami Nigamananda. Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri. p. 339. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  73. ^ Religious movements in modern Bengal Author-Benoy Gopal Ray, Visva-Bharati, 1965,Ideals, Lead an ideal householder's life. Nigamananda laid great stress on the spirit of unity and co-operation(combined power, shangha shakti).... Page 101
  74. ^ Nilachal Saraswat Sangh (Purī; India) (2001). Sadguru Swami Nigamananda. Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri. p. 295. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  75. ^ An article published in www.geocities.com from Swami Chetanananda Saraswati
  76. ISBN 978-81-7597-098-4
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  77. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 76. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  78. ^ Nigamānanda (1997). The divine universal gospels of Sri Nigamananda: translation, a lucid word to word rendering to English. THE PHILOSOPHY OF ACHARYA SANKARA AND PATH OF GOURANGA DEVA. Amitabh Giri. p. 122. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  79. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. pp. 111–112 ("I am No Avatar, just a Sadguru"). Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  80. ISBN 978-81-7017-166-9
    . Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  81. ^ Nobody should call me an Avatar Archived 14 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine collection at srichinmoylibrary.com
  82. ^ Nilachal Saraswat Sangh (Purī; India) (2001). Sadguru Swami Nigamananda. Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri. pp. Google search string "sadguru jagadguru god nigamananda". Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  83. ^ Pada, Prabhu. "PURPORT". Bhagavad-gita As It Is – Macmillan 1972 Edition. Prabhupad Book Stores. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011. One who knows the transcendental nature of My appearance and activities does not, upon leaving the body, take his birth again in this material world, but attains My eternal abode, O Arjuna.
  84. ^ Biśuddhānanda Sarasvatī (Swami) (1985). In quest of myself: an autobiography (Quote of Swami Nigamananda ed.). Nigamananda Ashram. p. 57. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
  85. ^ Sri Ramakrishna Math, Madras (1967). The Vedanta kesari. Sri Ramakrishna Math. p. 492. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  86. ^ a b Swami Nigamananda's JIVANMUKTA UPASANA (realisation of truth or liberation in the present life)THEORY, Book: Sadguru Swami Nigamananda (Page:207) By NSS Puri (India).
  87. ^ Pada, Prabhu. "PURPORT". Bhagavad-gita As It Is – Macmillan 1972 Edition. Prabhupad Book Stores. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2011. One who is thus transcendentally situated at once realizes the Supreme Brahman. He never laments nor desires to have anything; he is equally disposed to every living entity. In that state he attains pure devotional service unto Me.
  88. ^ Benoy Gopal Ray (1965). Religious movements in modern Bengal. Visva-Bharati. p. 102. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  89. ^ Nigamānanda (1997). The divine universal gospels of Sri Nigamananda: translation, a lucid word to word rendering to English. THE PHILOSOPHY OF ACHARYA SANKARA AND PATH OF GOURANGA DEVA. Amitabh Giri. p. 122. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  90. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Six Centers (Chakra)- Gyan Chakra (ज्ञानचक्र) is one. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 256. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  91. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Yoga philosophy in its metaphysical aspects is closely allied to Samkhya philosophy. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 9. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  92. ISBN 978-0-89389-179-4
    . Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  93. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Nirguna Brahama. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 108. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  94. ^ Nigamānanda (1997). The divine universal gospels of Sri Nigamananda: translation, a lucid word to word rendering to English. Saguna Bramaha (Bramaha with qualities ). Amitabh Giri. p. 8. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  95. ISBN 978-0-19-565871-2
    . Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  96. ISBN 978-81-7021-963-7
    . Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  97. ^ Nigamānanda (1997). The divine universal gospels of Sri Nigamananda: translation, a lucid word to word rendering to English. Yoga Maya- The creative power of God. Amitabh Giri. p. 11. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  98. ISBN 978-1-886940-97-0
    . Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  99. ISBN 978-1-60506-646-2
    . Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  100. ISBN 978-81-260-1175-9
    . Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  101. ISBN 978-0-7007-0679-2
    . Retrieved 15 June 2011. Guru and Ista (deity) are one and the same
  102. ISBN 978-81-203-3303-1
    . Retrieved 15 June 2011. No difference is supposed to exist between the guru and the ista
  103. ^ Religious movements in modern Bengal Author-Benoy Gopal Ray, Visva-Bharati, 1965,I desire that Indian should rise once again and attain the ideals ancient Rishis who showed mankind the spirit light. Let them lead mankind to the full knowledge and realization of self.... Page -102
  104. ^ The divine universal gospels of Sri Nigamananda:translation, a lucid word to word rendering to English, Author=Nigamānanda, Quote=Swami Nigamananda' Quote on "Prarabdha", Publisher=Amitabh Giri, Page=19
  105. ^ Sadguru Swami Nigamananda Swami Nigamananda's theory on"Movement of jivatma... Spirit", Publisher=Nilachal Saraswat Sangha, Puri, Year=2001, Page=278
  106. ISBN 978-81-207-2206-4
    . Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  107. ISBN 978-81-89858-04-9
    . Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  108. ^ Nigamānanda Sarasvati Deva (Svāmī.) (1963). Yogi Guru-English. Nilachala Sarasvata Sangha. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  109. ^ Yogi Guru -Bangla Archived 15 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  110. ^ Yogiguru Oriya Translator: Durga Charan Mohanty in The Gita Govinda of Sri Jayadev (2006, Author: Amulya Kumar Tripathy, P. C. Tripathy, Jayadeva), Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India.
  111. ^ Yogi Guru -Bangla(7th Edition) Archived 15 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Chapter:"HATH YOGA, LAYA YOGA (हठ योग-लय योग)" , PAGES: 74-75 Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  112. ^ Yogiguru NIGAMANANDA (Oriya), Edition-2011,"YOGA TATWA-योग तत्व" (YOGA CHARI PRAKAR-योग चारी प्रकार)", PAGES:88-89 Writer: Durga Charan Mohanty, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  113. ^ Yogiguru NIGAMANANDA (Oriya), Edition-2011,Chapter:"YOGA TATWA-योग तत्व, PAGE:86 Writer: Durga Charan Mohanty, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  114. ^ Yogi Guru -Bangla(7th Edition) Archived 15 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Chapter:"DHARANA, DHANA-ध्यान धारना , PAGE: 70-71 Author: Paramahansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  115. ^ Yogiguru NIGAMANANDA (Oriya), Edition-2011,KUNDALINI TATWA, PAGE:62 Writer: Durga Charan Mohanty, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  116. ^ Yogi Guru -Bangla(7th Edition) Archived 15 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Chapter:"KUNDALINI TATWA , PAGE: 41 Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  117. ^ Yogiguru Nigamananda (Oriya), Edition-2011,Chapter:"SAMADHI-समाधि, PAGE:87 Writer: Durga Charan Mohanty, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  118. ^ Yogi Guru -Bangla(7th Edition) Archived 15 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Chapter:"SAMADHI-समाधि , PAGE: 72 Author: Paramhansa, Nigamananda, West Bengal Public Library Network
  119. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Nigamananda's Garo Hill-Yogashrama. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 88. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  120. ^ Dwijendra Lal Bhowmik; Tribal Research Institute (Tripura; India) (2003). Tribal religion of Tripura: a socio-religious analysis. Swami Nigamananda'sGarohill(Kadaldhoya) Yoga Ashram: Tribal Research Institute, Govt. of Tripura. p. 60. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  121. ^ Shanti Ashram (1912) presently known as ‘’’Assam Bongia Sarasat Math’’’ was established by ‘’’Swami Nigamananda’’’ in 1912 (JORHAT HISTORY)
  122. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9
    . Retrieved 18 March 2011. Swami Nigamananda's Ashram at Jorhat (Assam)
  123. ^ Religious movements in modern Bengal Author-Benoy Gopal Ray, Visva-Bharati, 1965, Rishi Vidyalaya have been founded to train up students.... Page -102
  124. ^ Shree Shree Thakur Nigamananda-Oriya Jeevani, CHAPTER-"SARASWATA MATHA" Writer: Durgacharan Mohanty, Banmali Das, Nilanchala Saraswata Sangha, Puri
  125. ^ Banik, Nandadulal (2012). "Anirvan". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  126. ^ Encyclopedia of World Religions Archived 20 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine(Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Page-79)
  127. ^ Chetanananda Saraswati
  128. ^ 100 Year celebration of ABS Math (Assam Bangiya Saraswata Math)
  129. ^ "Official Website of Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math". Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  130. ISBN 978-81-7017-326-7
    . Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  131. ISBN 978-81-86218-00-6
    . Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  132. ^ Indian Anthropological Society (2001). Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society. Vol. 36. The Society. p. 156. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  133. ^ "ABSM - Picture Gallery". Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  134. ^ "ABSM - Picture Gallery". Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  135. ^ "ABSM - Picture Gallery". Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  136. ^ "ABSM - Picture Gallery". Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
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  138. ^ Press Institute of India; Press Trust of India (1997). Data India. Press Institute of India. p. 159. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  139. ISBN 978-81-7024-855-2
    . Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  140. ^ Nigamananda Arya Darpan-निगमानंद आर्य दर्पण Press in India, Volume 49, Publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. Page 358. (Sr.4542)
  141. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 152. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  142. ISBN 978-0-89389-156-5
    . Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  143. ISBN 9788123013138
    . Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  144. ^ Swami Nigamananda's Sanatan Dharama Patrika Arya Darpan Archived 19 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine at Absmath.org
  145. ^ Press in India (1963 – Language Arts & Disciplines). Vol. Part 2. 1963. pp. 505 (Sr.607). Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  146. ^ Source: Chetanananda Saraswati Deva
  147. ^ Ramananda Chatterjee (1941). Thakurer Chithi (ठाकुरेर चिठी) (A collection of 100 letters written by Swami Nigamananda Paramahansa to his disciples) The Modern review. Prabasi Press Private, Ltd. p. 337. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  148. ISBN 978-0-226-55723-6
    . Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  149. ISBN 9788120804265
    . Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  150. ^ Biśuddhānanda Sarasvatī (Swami) (1985). In quest of myself: an autobiography. Nigamananda Ashram. p. 191. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  151. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 129. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  152. ^ (Source: Chetanananda Saraswati)
  153. ^ Moni Bagchee (1987). Sadguru Nigamananda: a spiritual biography. Vol. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math, 1987. Assam Bangiya Saraswat Math. p. 130. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  154. ^ (Events) - Swami Nigamananda's Sarbabhouma Bhakta Sammilani & PradeshikaBhakta Sammilani
  155. ^ Swami Nigamananda's 61st Utkal Pradeshika Bhakta Sammilani (उत्कल प्रादेशिक भक्त सम्मिलनी) Published in HINEWS India, Year 2012 Bhubaneswar Orissa
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  158. ^ The Editor, Hinews Bhubaneswar

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