Northern Altai language
Northern Altai | |
---|---|
тÿндÿк алтай тили, tündük altay tili | |
Native to | Russia |
Region | Altai Republic Altai Krai |
Native speakers | 57,000 speakers (2010)[1] |
Turkic
| |
Dialects |
|
Cyrillic | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | atv |
Glottolog | nort2686 |
ELP | Northern Altai |
Map showing the locations of the Northern and Southern Altai varieties in Russia |
Northern Altai or Northern Altay is the several tribal moribund Turkic dialects spoken in the Altai Republic of Russia.[2] Though traditionally considered one language, Southern Altai and the Northern varieties are not fully mutually intelligible. Written Altai is based on Southern Altai, and is rejected by Northern Altai children.[1]
Northern Altai is written in Cyrillic. In 2006, in the Altay kray, an alphabet was created for the Kumandin variety.[3]
Phonology
Northern Altai has 8 vowels, which may be long or short, and 20 consonants, plus marginal consonants that occur only in loan words.[4]
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i y | ɯ u |
Low | e ø | a o |
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Post-alveloar | Velar | Uvular | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p b | d
|
c dʒ | k ɡ | q |
Affricate | ts[a] | ||||
Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | x[a] ɣ | |
Nasal | m | n
|
ŋ | ||
Trill | r
|
||||
Approximant | l
|
j |
Demographics
According to data from the
Varieties
Northern Altay consists of the following varieties:
- Kumandin dialectKumandins claim to know their national language,[7] but 1,044 people were registered as knowing Kumandy.[8] Kumandy has the following three sub-varieties:[9](also Qubandy/Quwandy). 1,862
- Turačak
- Solton
- Starobardinian
- Chelkan dialect (also Kuu/Quu, Chalkandu/Shalkanduu, Lebedin). 466 Chelkans claim to speak their national language, and 539 people in all claim to know Chelkan.
The
Closely related to the northern varieties of Altay are the Kondoma dialect of the Shor language and the Lower Chulym dialect of the Chulym language.[10]
Linguistic features
The following features refer to the outcome of commonly used Turkic
- */ag/ — Proto-Turkic */ag/ is found in three variations throughout Northern Altay: /u/, /aw/, /aʁ/
- */eb/ — Proto-Turkic */eb/ is found as either /yj/ or /yg/, depending on the variety
- */VdV/ — With a few lexical exceptions (likely borrowings), proto-Turkic intervocalic */d/ results in /j/.
References
- ^ a b Northern Altai at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ "Northern Altai". ELP Endangered Languages Project. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
- ^ В Алтайском крае издана азбука кумандинского языка. 2006
- OCLC 42579926.
- ^ Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года. Том 13. «Коренные малочисленные народы Российской Федерации»
- ^ Энциклопедия «Кругосвет»
- ^ Russian census figures
- ^ Russian census figures
- JSTOR 23682215.
- ^ )
- Baskakov, Nikolay Aleksandrovich(1966). Диалект Черневых Татар (Туба-Кижи): грамматический очерк и словарь. Moscow: Наука.
- Baskakov, Nikolay Aleksandrovich(1972). Диалект Кумандинцев (Куманды-Кижи): грамматический очерк, тексты, переводы и словарь. Москва: Наука.
- Baskakov, Nikolay Aleksandrovich(1985). Диалект Лебединских Татар-Чалканцев (Куу-Кижи). Москва: Наука.
External links
- "Кумандинский язык". Малые языки России (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-05-31. Page about the Kumandy variety with maps and grammatical information.
- "Челканский язык". Малые языки России (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-05-31. Page about the Chelkan variety with maps and grammatical information.
- "Тубаларский". Малые языки России (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-05-31. Page about the Tubalar variety with maps and grammatical information.