Serbian comics
Serbian comics | |
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Earliest publications | Late 19th century |
Publishers | |
Languages | Serbian |
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Serbian comics are
Comics started developing in Serbia in the late 19th century, mostly in
History
"The Golden Age" (1932–1941)
When we started out, nobody thought how it’d all turn out, or what it’d become. How far we’d come! Simply put, we liked the new medium, although nobody realized it was a new medium.
- Đorđe Lobačev, 1985
In 1932 Veseli četvrtak (Merry Thursday), an illustrated magazine for children, appeared in
In 1934, the first two specialized
Most of the Golden Age artists were Russian immigrants, collectively known as the Belgrade Circle and gathered at first around the Mika Miš magazine. Soon enough it was transformed into a real comic magazine, reprinting foreign classics like
The notable works were inspired by cultural classics and
Other creators of "the first generation" included Vsevold Guljevič, Aleksije Ranhner, Đorđe Janković, Moma Marković, Marijan Ebner, Vojin Đorđević, Nikola Tiščenko, Dragan Savić and Đorđe Mali. Lobačev's brother-in-law Valerian Apuhtin became the first professional letterer in Serbia. Another young artist at the time, Živorad Mitrović would revisit this period in his 1982 film Savamala.[12]
The Golden Age of Serbian comics ended with the Nazi
1945–1990
After World War II, the communist government considered comics a decadent product of the
The outlook changed after the
Nevertheless, back in the 1950s comic magazines like Robinzon (Robinson) and Veseli zabavnik were still censored, but even the Yugoslav People's Army started publishing some.[24] Although Zdravko Sulić began his career in such a publication, most of his works would be published in the magazine Kekec.[25] It was launched by Borba in 1957, featuring French comics such as Lucky Luke, Smurfs and Chlorophylle, but also domestic titles, including the works of "the second generation" of creators, like Aleksandar Hecl of Vinetu (Winnetou) fame.[26] The first four-color publication, Kekec reached the print run of 300,000 copies.[24] It lasted for 1,532 issues and ended in 1990.
1957 also saw teachers from the small town of
Starting as an Eks
By the late 1970s, the scene rebounded after the blow it had suffered from the 1972 tax law[30] which targeted not only the yellow press but also comics. From 1971 to 1981, 11,611 issues of comics and pulp novels were printed in Yugoslavia, a total of 717 million copies in the country of 22 million people.[31]
Meanwhile, the student press welcomed comics studies[32] and alternative comics of "the third generation",[33] inspired by Métal hurlant. The Pegaz magazine was another publication that nurtured comics theory; it was also where the award-winning Svemironi strip by Lazar Stanojević premiered in 1975.[34]
In addition, comic groups like Belgrade Circle 2 and Bauhaus 7 appeared, comic album was introduced as a new format, and the first
Another new trend was the emergence of comic publishers in
Until 1991 Serbian comics were part of Yugoslav comics. Distributed via newsstands, most comics were sold throughout Yugoslavia, written by and large in the common Shtokavian dialect and often printed in the Latin alphabet. Publications from other republics, especially Croatia, from Plavi Vjesnik to Alan Ford, had a great influence on creators and readers in Serbia. A play titled Alan Ford written by Mirjana Lazić and directed by Kokan Mladenović was staged at Teatar T in Belgrade in 1994 and Radio Belgrade produced a radio drama based on the play in 2002. Also, authors worked for publishers outside Serbia, e.g. artists Dušan Reljić, Bojan Đukić, Ratomir Petrović, Zdravko Zupan, Nikola Maslovara and Zoran Kovačević, as well as writer Lazar Odanović collaborated on the licensed Tom and Jerry comics for Vjesnik.[40] Finally, artists exhibited at the joint Yugoslav Comics Festival in Vinkovci (Salon jugoslovenskog stripa) and exhibits such as "Comics in Yugoslavia 1866 – 1986" in Paris.[41]
The local comic book industry collapsed with the breakup of Yugoslavia.
1991–present
Back home, enthusiasts kept the scene alive. First comic book stores were opened[47] and comic book conventions organized.[48] A co-founder of the International Comics Festival in Belgrade and teacher at the "Đorđe Lobačev" comics school, artist Vladimir Vesović launched Tron in 1992[44] and Stripmania in 1996.[49] The former also carried comics by local creators, such as Swindle by Đorđe Milosavljević and Miroljub Milutinović Brada, which was adapted for television in 2020.[50] The latter was printed by Luxor Comics, a publishing house owned by Milan Konjević, who also wrote and published Generation Tesla and Twilight Fighters in 1995, as well as Factor 4 and Wild Magic in 2006, all titles drawn by Serbian artists. Before he started working for Dupuis, artist Milan Jovanović (of Carthago and Jason Brice fame) teamed up with Croatian writer Darko Macan to produce La Bête Noire in 2002;[51] the five-part series was published by Zlatko Milenković, editor of the pioneering Strip vesti web portal, and reprinted in France in 2018 by Inukshuk Éditions.[52] 2007 saw two more series appear; writer Marko Stojanović with a team of artists launched Vekovnici (Endless),[53] while Vladimir Tadić created Zabava za celu porodicu (Fun for the Whole Family) with a different artistic team.[54] In a category of his own, award-winning illustrator[55] Đorđe Milović continues to create his Stories about the Clay.[56] Forum's successor Marketprint revamped Stripoteka after an eight-year break in 1999[57] and introduced Akira in 2002,[58] officially the first manga title in Serbia. However, the circulations were low and the newsstand editions struggled to find their feet.
Meanwhile, the
In the 21st century new publishers (such as Lavirint, System Comics, Komiko, Darkwood, Rosenkrantz and others) continue to nurture international as well as Serbian comics.[69] However, the print runs remain limited, so artists have been forced to seek work abroad, especially in France.[70] The list includes Vladimir Aleksić,[71] Tiberiu Beka,[72] Mirko Čolak,[73] Bojan Kovačević,[74] Dražen Kovačević,[75] Miroljub Milutinović,[76] Siniša Radović,[77] Gradimir Smudja, Velibor Stanojević,[78] Stevan Subić,[79] Jovan Ukropina,[80] Bojan Vukić[81] and others. In addition, foreign-born creators of Serbian descent include Marko Djurdjevic, Viktor Bogdanovic and Nina Bunjevac. In the meantime, comics in Serbia had all but retreated to bookstores and galleries until publisher Veseli četvrtak reintroduced Bonelli comics to the newsstands in 2008. As of 2018, the best-selling graphic novel in recent history has been Sat (Watch), a WW1 story written by Dragan Lazarević De Lazare and drawn by Vujadin Radovanović Vuja with colors by Rade Tovladijac; it was distributed in 120,000 copies via daily Večernje novosti to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918,[82] similar to the Front Lines series.[1]
Serbian comics have branched out to other media, including movies, television and video games. In 2019 a text-based video-game[83] loosely based on Miloš Slavković's Lightstep Chronicles comic was developed by Eipix Entertainment; the book itself was funded on Kickstarter in 2017[84] and published by Dark Horse a year later.[85] It was not the only Serbian comic that inspired a video game, as Cruciform: Defiance by Vitković and Rajšić served as a prequel to 2007's Genesis Rising: The Universal Crusade.[86][87] In 2018 Radio Television of Vojvodina aired Kvadrati i oblačići (Panels and word-balloons), a documentary series featuring interviews with local authors.[88] In 2022 Radio Television of Serbia produced Nevidljivi strip (The Invisible Comics) about alternative and underground comics.[89]
List of Serbian comics
- La Bête Noire
- YU Blek
- Cat Claw
- Dikan
- Generation Tesla
- Kobra
- Master Death
- Mirko and Slavko
- Ninja
- Prijatelji
- Tarzan (Yugoslavian Version)
- Technotise
- The Third Argument
- The Thread of Art
- Zigomar
List of Serbian comics people
- Artists
- Nina Bunjevac
- Aleksa Gajić
- Borivoje Grbić
- Zoran Janjetov
- Branislav Kerac
- Vladimir Krstić - Laci
- Dražen Kovačević
- Dragan de Lazare
- Đorđe Lobačev
- Nikola Maslovara
- Petar Meseldžija
- Rajko Milošević a.k.a. Gera and R.M. Guéra
- Jovan Nikolić
- Darko Perović
- Branko Plavšić
- Vujadin Radovanović
- Sibin Slavković
- Gradimir Smudja
- Rade Tovladijac
- Zoran Tucić
- Jugoslav Vlahović
- Dobrosav Živković
- Aleksandar Zograf
- Zdravko Zupan
- Writers
- Branko Ćopić
- Dobrica Erić
- Boban Knežević
- Milan Konjević
- Svetozar Obradović
- Duško Radović
- Zoran Stefanović
- Slobodan Škerović
- Editors, critics, researchers
List of films based on Serbian comics
- Mirko and Slavko (1973)[90]
- City Cat (1991), TV short based on Cat Claw
- Technotise Edit & I (2008), animated, based on Technotise
- The Swindlers (2020), TV show
List of comic festivals in Serbia
- Festival
- Balkanska smotra mladih strip autora, Leskovac
- Bijenale jugoslovenskog stripa, Zemun
- Beogradski sajam knjiga, Beograd
- Dani stripa, Gornji Milanovac
- Dani stripa, Niš
- Dani stripa u Poletu, Beograd
- Gašin sabor, festival karikaturalnog stripa, Beograd
- GRRR festival alternativnog stripa, Pančevo
- Kragujevac Comic Con, Kragujevac
- Nifest, Niš
- Novo doba, festival nesvrstanog stripa, Beograd
- Novosadski strip vikend, Novi Sad
- Pirot grad stripa, Pirot
- Salon domaćeg stripa, Kragujevac
- Salon jugoslovenskog stripa, Pančevo
- Salon stripa, Beograd
- Salon stripa, Zaječar
- Somborski strip fest, Sombor
- Strika fest, Festival stripa i karikature, Požarevac
- Strip Art Fest, Vrnjačka Banja
- Strip kolonija, Raška
- Stripolis, festival stripa, Zrenjanin
- Striporama fest, Niš
- Striposlavija, Beograd
- Šabački festival stripa, Šabac
- Tras, Beograd
- Užički strip susreti, Užice
- Valjevski strip festival, Valjevo
- Vikend stripa, Valjevo
See also
- Croatian comics
- American comics
- Franco-Belgian comics
- Spanish comics
- Italian comics
- Argentine comics
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External links
- The Golden Age of Serbian Comics (in English)
- Comics Culture in Yugoslavia by Paul Gravett (in English)
- Konstantin Kuznjecov, Fairytale about Tsar Saltan/The Tale of the Golden Cockerel, 1940 (in Serbian)
- Strip vesti (comics news) (in Serbian)
- Kosmoplovci (Serbian underground comics) (in Serbian)
- The Association of Serbian comics artists/Udruženje stripskih umetnika Srbije (in Serbian)