Somatostatinoma
| Somatostatinoma | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Oncology |
Somatostatinomas are a
head of pancreas
. Only ten percent of somatostatinomas are functional tumours [9], and 60–70% of tumours are malignant. Nearly two-thirds of patients with malignant somatostatinomas will present with metastatic disease.
Pathophysiology
In a normal subject, actions of somatostatin include:[citation needed]
- In the anterior pituitary gland, the effects of somatostatin are:
- Inhibit the release of growth hormone-releasing hormone(GHRH)
- Inhibit the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Inhibit the release of
- Somatostatin suppresses the release of gastrointestinal hormones
- Lowers the rate of gastric emptying, and reduces smooth muscle contractions and blood flow within the intestine
- Suppresses the release of pancreatic hormones
- Suppresses the exocrine secretory action of pancreas.
- In the
This explains how abnormally elevated
hypochlorhydria caused by inhibiting gastrin, which normally stimulate acid secretion.[citation needed
]
Somatostatinomas are associated with calcium deposits called
psammoma bodies.[3]
Diagnosis
Fasting plasma somatostatin greater than 30 pg/mL.[citation needed]
SRS (Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy) – It is a radio-nucleotide scan by giving Octreotide tagged with Indium111 isotope, which shows an increase in uptake by the tumour cells.[4]
Treatment
Treatment is by
streptozocin, dacarbazine, doxorubicin or by 'watchful waiting' and surgical debulking via Whipple procedure and other resections of the gastrointestinal organs affected.[5]
References
- ^ "Insulin". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ^ Voet D, Voet JG (2011). Biochemistry (4th ed.). New York: Wiley.
- PMID 7401638.
- ^ de Herder, Wouter W.; Zandee, Wouter T.; Hofland, Johannes (2000). Feingold, KR; Anawalt, B; Boyce, A (eds.). Somatostatinoma. South Dartmouth (MA): Endotext.
- PMID 22873046.
- 6. Soga J, Yakuwa Y. Somatostatinoma/inhibitory syndrome: a statistical evaluation of 173 reported cases as compared to other pancreatic endocrinomas. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 1999; 18:13–22. [PMID: 10374671]