Tupelo, Mississippi
Tupelo, Mississippi | ||
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Council Members
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Area FIPS code | 28-74840 | |
GNIS feature ID | 678931 | |
Website | tupeloms |
Tupelo (/ˈtuːpəloʊ/ TOO-pə-loh) is a city in and the county seat of Lee County, Mississippi, United States. With an estimated population of 38,300, Tupelo is the 7th most populous city in Mississippi and is considered a commercial, industrial, and cultural hub of North Mississippi.
Tupelo was incorporated in 1870. The area had earlier been settled as "Gum Pond" along the Mobile and Ohio Railroad.[4] On February 7, 1934, Tupelo became the first city to receive power from the Tennessee Valley Authority, thus giving it the nickname "The First TVA City".[5][6] Much of the city was devastated by a major tornado in 1936 that still ranks as one of the deadliest tornadoes in American history.[7] Following electrification, Tupelo boomed as a regional manufacturing and distribution center and was once considered a hub of the American furniture manufacturing industry.[8] Although many of Tupelo's manufacturing industries have declined since the 1990s, the city has continued to grow due to strong healthcare, retail, and financial service industries. Tupelo is the smallest city in the United States that is the headquarters of more than one bank with over $10 billion in assets.[9]
Tupelo has a deep connection to Mississippi's music history, being known as the birthplace of Elvis Presley. The city is home to multiple art and cultural institutions, including the Elvis Presley Birthplace and the 10,000-seat Cadence Bank Arena, the largest multipurpose indoor arena in Mississippi. Tupelo is the only city in the Southern United States to be named an All-America City five times, most recently in 2015.[10] Its Main Street program, Downtown Tupelo Main Street Association, was the winner of the national Main Street's Great American Main Street Award in 2020.
The Tupelo micropolitan area contains Lee, Itawamba, and Pontotoc counties and had a population of 140,081 in 2017.[11]
History
European settlement
Indigenous peoples, including the
In the early 19th century, after years of trading and encroachment by European-American settlers from the United States, conflicts increased as the US settlers tried to gain land from these nations. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and authorized the relocation of all the Southeast Native Americans to federal territory west of the Mississippi River, which was completed by the end of the 1830s.
In the early years of settlement, European-Americans named this town "Gum Pond", supposedly due to its numerous tupelo trees, known locally as "blackgum". The city still hosts the annual Gumtree Arts Festival.[13]
Civil War and post-war development
During the
After the war, a cross-state
20th century to present
By the early twentieth century the town had become a site of cotton
The last known bank robbery by Machine Gun Kelly, a Prohibition-era gangster, took place on November 30, 1932, at the Citizen's State Bank in Tupelo; his gang netted $38,000 ($849,000 in current dollar terms). After the robbery, the bank's chief teller said of Kelly, "He was the kind of guy that, if you looked at him, you would never thought he was a bank robber."[16]
During the
Tupelo had only 20 Jewish residents at the beginning of the Great Depression, out of 20,000 total residents.[17] Temple B'nai Israel was established in Tupelo in 1939.[18] The congregation first met in Tupelo City Hall.[17][19][20] It later rented space on South Spring Street above the Fooks' Chevrolet dealership.[17] In 1953, it moved to space over Biggs Furniture Store.[20][21] A synagogue building was dedicated in 1957, with then-Mayor James Ballard giving the remarks.[20]
Into the late 1950s several long-distance trains served Tupelo. These included the
In 2007, the nearby village of Blue Springs was selected as the site for Toyota's 11th automobile manufacturing plant in the United States.
In 2013 Gale Stauffer of the Tupelo Police Department died in a set up ambush following a bank robbery, possibly the first officer killed in the line of duty in the department's history.[28]
President Donald Trump visited the city of Tupelo twice, in 2018 and 2019. He held a campaign rally for Senator
Severe weather
The spring of 1936 brought Tupelo one of its worst-ever natural disasters, part of the
The Mississippi State Geologist estimated a final death toll of 233 persons, but 100 whites were still reported as hospitalized at the time. Because the white newspapers did not publish news about blacks until the 1940s and 1950s, historians have had difficulty learning the fates of blacks injured in the tornado. Based on this, historians now estimate the death toll was higher than in official records.[34][37] Fire broke out at the segregated Lee County Training School, which was destroyed. Its bricks were salvaged for other uses.
The area is subject to tornadoes. On May 8, 2008, one rated an EF3 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale struck the town. On April 28, 2014, another large EF3 tornado struck Tupelo and the surrounding communities, causing significant damage. On the night of May 2, 2021, two EF1 tornadoes formed near town with the second being a large tornado that directly struck the northwest side of downtown, prompting a tornado emergency to be issued by the National Weather Service.[38]
Geography
Tupelo is located in northeast Mississippi, north of Columbus, on Interstate 22 and U.S. Route 78, midway between Memphis, Tennessee (northwest) and Birmingham, Alabama (southeast).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 51.4 square miles (133 km2), of which 51.1 square miles (132 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) (0.62%) is water.
Climate
Like the rest of the state, Tupelo has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification); it is part of USDA hardiness zone 7b.[39] The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from 43.4 °F (6.3 °C) in January to 82.3 °F (27.9 °C) in July, while, on average, there are 3.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing, 55 days with a low at or below freezing, and 67 days with a high at or above 90 °F (32 °C) per year.[40] The all-time record low is −14 °F (−26 °C), set on January 27, 1940, while the all-time record high is 109 °F (43 °C), set on July 29, 1930.[40] However, temperatures at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) are rare, having last occurred December 23, 1989, the date of the all-time record low for December; additionally, while highs can reach 100 °F (38 °C) several days a row during severe heat waves, several years may pass between such readings.[40]
Precipitation is high, averaging 57.74 inches (1,467 mm) annually. On average, December is the single wettest month, and February through May are also especially wet; September and October are the driest months. The rainiest calendar day on record is March 21, 1955 when 9.40 inches (239 mm) of rain fell; monthly precipitation has ranged from trace amounts in August 1983 to 19.89 inches (505 mm) in December 1982.[40] Snow is uncommon, with many years receiving trace amounts or no snowfall at all, and normal (1981–2010) winter snowfall stands at 2.1 inches (5.3 cm).[40] The most snow in one calendar day was 8.0 inches (20 cm) on January 24, 1940, contributing to the 9.2 inches (23 cm) that fell that month, the snowiest on record; the snowiest winter was 1935–36 with 14.8 inches (38 cm).[40]
Climate data for Tupelo, Mississippi (Tupelo Regional Airport), (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1930––present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 80 (27) |
87 (31) |
89 (32) |
93 (34) |
100 (38) |
108 (42) |
109 (43) |
108 (42) |
104 (40) |
96 (36) |
88 (31) |
81 (27) |
109 (43) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 70.9 (21.6) |
75.0 (23.9) |
81.7 (27.6) |
85.6 (29.8) |
90.9 (32.7) |
95.4 (35.2) |
97.4 (36.3) |
98.1 (36.7) |
94.7 (34.8) |
88.3 (31.3) |
79.2 (26.2) |
72.0 (22.2) |
99.4 (37.4) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 53.2 (11.8) |
57.8 (14.3) |
66.4 (19.1) |
74.9 (23.8) |
82.7 (28.2) |
89.5 (31.9) |
92.3 (33.5) |
91.9 (33.3) |
86.7 (30.4) |
76.5 (24.7) |
64.3 (17.9) |
55.6 (13.1) |
74.3 (23.5) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 43.4 (6.3) |
47.3 (8.5) |
55.1 (12.8) |
63.3 (17.4) |
71.8 (22.1) |
79.2 (26.2) |
82.3 (27.9) |
81.6 (27.6) |
75.5 (24.2) |
64.4 (18.0) |
53.0 (11.7) |
45.9 (7.7) |
63.6 (17.6) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 33.6 (0.9) |
36.8 (2.7) |
43.7 (6.5) |
51.6 (10.9) |
60.9 (16.1) |
68.8 (20.4) |
72.4 (22.4) |
71.2 (21.8) |
64.3 (17.9) |
52.3 (11.3) |
41.8 (5.4) |
36.3 (2.4) |
52.8 (11.6) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 14.9 (−9.5) |
19.9 (−6.7) |
26.0 (−3.3) |
34.7 (1.5) |
45.4 (7.4) |
57.5 (14.2) |
63.8 (17.7) |
62.0 (16.7) |
49.1 (9.5) |
35.1 (1.7) |
25.0 (−3.9) |
20.5 (−6.4) |
12.9 (−10.6) |
Record low °F (°C) | −14 (−26) |
−3 (−19) |
7 (−14) |
23 (−5) |
30 (−1) |
43 (6) |
50 (10) |
51 (11) |
35 (2) |
24 (−4) |
8 (−13) |
−3 (−19) |
−14 (−26) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.82 (122) |
5.29 (134) |
5.37 (136) |
5.51 (140) |
5.22 (133) |
5.01 (127) |
4.50 (114) |
4.07 (103) |
3.57 (91) |
3.96 (101) |
4.48 (114) |
5.94 (151) |
57.74 (1,467) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.6 (1.5) |
0.6 (1.5) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
1.5 (3.8) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.6 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 6.1 | 7.6 | 9.0 | 10.8 | 115.0 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
Source: |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1870 | 618 | — | |
1880 | 1,008 | 63.1% | |
1890 | 1,477 | 46.5% | |
1900 | 2,118 | 43.4% | |
1910 | 3,881 | 83.2% | |
1920 | 5,055 | 30.2% | |
1930 | 6,361 | 25.8% | |
1940 | 8,212 | 29.1% | |
1950 | 11,527 | 40.4% | |
1960 | 17,221 | 49.4% | |
1970 | 20,471 | 18.9% | |
1980 | 23,905 | 16.8% | |
1990 | 30,685 | 28.4% | |
2000 | 34,211 | 11.5% | |
2010 | 34,546 | 1.0% | |
2020 | 37,923 | 9.8% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[42] 2018 Estimate[43] |
2020 census
Race | Num. | Perc. |
---|---|---|
White
|
20,063 | 52.9% |
Black or African American
|
14,079 | 37.13% |
Native American
|
59 | 0.16% |
Asian
|
663 | 1.75% |
Pacific Islander
|
7 | 0.02% |
Other/Mixed
|
1,183 | 3.12% |
Latino
|
1,869 | 4.93% |
As of the
2010 census
As of the
2007-2011 ACS
According to the 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, there were 13,395 households, 42.8% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.5% had a female householder with no husband present. 32.2% were non-family households, with 28.4% had a householder living alone and 3.8% having a householder not living alone. In addition, 39.7% of householders were living with related children under 18 and 60.3% with no related children under 18.[46] The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.08.[45]
The median income for a household in the city was $39,415. The poverty rate was 20%.[45]
Economy
Historically, Tupelo served as a regional transportation hub, primarily due to its location at a railroad intersection. More recently, it has developed as strong tourism and hospitality sector based around the Elvis Presley birthplace and Natchez Trace. The city has also been successful at attracting manufacturing, retail and distribution operations (see 'Industry' section below).[47]
Industry
- Tupelo is the headquarters of the North Mississippi Medical Center, the largest non-metropolitan hospital in the United States.[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in 2006 and 2012.[9]
- The headquarters of two large banking institutions are located here: Cadence Bank, with approximately nearly $48 billion in assets (2024), and Renasant Bank, with assets of more than $17 billion (2024). Tupelo is the smallest U.S. city that hosts the headquarters of more than one bank with over $10 billion in assets.[9]
- The city is a five-time "All-America City Award" winner.
- In 1963, Ralph J. Roberts, along with Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky purchased American Cable Systems, a small cable operator in Tupelo. American Cable was re-incorporated in Pennsylvania as Comcast.
- It has a large furniture manufacturing industry. The journalist Dennis Seid noted that furniture manufacturing in Northeast Mississippi, "provid[ed] some 22,000 jobs, or almost 13% of the region's employment... with a $732 million annual payroll... producing $2.25 billion worth of goods."[48]
- Tecumseh, MTD Products, Savings Oil Company (Dodge's Stores), and Cooper Tire & Rubber Company all operate or are headquartered in Tupelo and Lee County. Renin Corporation, a subsidiary of BBX Capital Corporation, operates a production centre in Tupelo which employed 50 but an expansion in 2017 expected to increase staffing to 100.[49]
Arts and culture
- The Zedonks.[50]
- It is the headquarters of the historic Natchez Trace Parkway, which connects Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee. The parkway follows the route of the ancient Natchez Trace trail, a path used by indigenous peoples long before the Europeans came to the area.[51]
- Nearby is the burial earthworks, dating from 1 to 200 AD.[52]
- Civil War sites include Tupelo or the battle of oldtown creek and Brices Cross Roads national battlefields.
- The Tupelo Automobile Museum was one of the largest in North America.[51] In 2003, it was designated as the official automobile museum of the state. It housed more than 150 rare automobiles, all from the personal collection of Frank K. Spain—who founded the channel WTVA. Unfortunately, the museum closed in March 2019 and the cars were auctioned off the following month.
- Since its founding in 1969, the Tupelo Community Theatre has produced more than 200 works. In 2001 and 2004, it won awards at the Mississippi Theatre Association's Community Theatre Festival. In 2004 its production of Bel Canto won at the Southeastern Theatre Conference. TCT's home is the historic Lyric Theatre, built in 1912.[53]
- The North Mississippi Symphony Orchestra's season runs from September–April with concerts held at the Tupelo Civic Auditorium.[54] The symphony's free annual July 4 outdoor concert at Ballard Park draws thousands of fans.
- In 2005, Rotary International sponsored a commission for a statue to honor Chief Piomingo, a leader of the Chickasaw people who had occupied this area. It was erected in front of the new Tupelo City Hall.
- The Oren Dunn City Museum tells the Story of Community Building through permanent exhibits and a collection of historic structures. The Special Exhibit Gallery provides a venue for a variety of traveling and temporary shows throughout the year.
- In June 1956, documentaryfilm The Homecoming: Tupelo Welcomes Elvis Home premiered at the 2006 festival.
- The Lee-Itawamba Library System was serviced in Tupelo. The Lee County Library in downtown Tupelo has an annual lecture series featuring nationally known authors. In addition to the annual lecture series, the Lee County Library features a Mississippi room dedicated to genealogy research.
- The Church Street Elementary School (for white students in the segregated system) was hailed as one of the most outstanding designs of its time, which was built in 1937. A scale model of this Art Moderne structure—described as "the ideal elementary school"—was displayed at the 1939 New York World's Fair.
- The Cadence Bank Arena (previously known as the BancorpSouth Arena) opened in 1993 and is a venue for large events.[54]
- Taylor Swift mentioned the town in her song "dorothea".
Government
Tupelo's current mayor is Todd Jordan. The Tupelo Council is made up of seven representatives, each elected from
Education
Tupelo Public School District is the school district for the vast majority of Tupelo.[56] It participates in the Chromebook Distribution Policy, which means students in grades 6 to 12 are each given a school-owned Google Chromebook to use during the school year. In 2008, Sports Illustrated ranked the high school athletic department as the third-best high school athletic program in the nation. Tupelo High School is the largest public high school in Mississippi with a total of 1,931 students enrolled during the 2018–2019 school year.[57][58]
Some portions of Tupelo are zoned to the Lee County School District.[56]
For post-secondary education, the city has satellite campuses of the University of Mississippi, Itawamba Community College, and the Mississippi University for Women.
Media
The local daily newspaper is the Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal. Tupelo is also served by the weekly Lee County Courier.[59]
Tupelo is home to three television stations serving the 133rd-ranked designated market area among 210 markets nationwide as determined by
The Christian fundamentalist American Family Association is located in Tupelo, and operates the national American Family Radio network and the OneNewsNow news service.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Rail
Tupelo is served by BNSF Railway and Kansas City Southern Railway for freight transportation via rail.
Roads
U.S. Route 45, U.S. Route 78, U.S. Route 278, and Natchez Trace Parkway run through Tupelo; Interstate 22 runs north of the city on an east–west route.
Air
The city is served by Tupelo Regional Airport, with service on Contour Airlines.
Notable people
- John Mills Allen (1846–1917), U.S. congressman
- William Dozier Anderson (1862-1952), Mississippi Supreme Court justice, state legislator, and former Tupelo mayor
- Sharion Aycock (born 1955), American judge
- Alex Carrington (born 1987), American football player
- Dave Clark (born 1962), baseball player and coach
- Diplo (born 1978), musical artist
- Brian Dozier (born 1987), baseball player
- Ally Ewing (born 1992), golfer
- Etta Zuber Falconer (1933-2002), mathematician
- Sam Gilliam (born 1933), color field painter and lyrical abstractionist artist
- Allie Grant (born 1994), film actress
- Jarious Jackson (born 1977), American football player[60]
- Arthur Jafa (born 1960), video artist and cinematographer
- Todd Jordan (born 1970), professional football player and Tupelo mayor
- Slim Jxmmi (born 1991), hip-hop artist and member of Rae Sremmurd
- Catherine Lacey (born 1985), author
- Swae Lee (born 1993), hip-hop artist and member of Rae Sremmurd
- John Murry (born 1979), singer-songwriter
- Elvis Presley (1935–1977), singer and actor
- John E. Rankin (1882-1960), U.S. Congressman
- Paul Rudish (born 1968), animator and writer
- Jumpin' Gene Simmons (1933–2006), singer
- Chris Stratton (born 1990), baseball player
- Paula White (born 1966), American preacher and author
- Roger Wicker (born 1951), U.S. senator whose hometown is Tupelo.[61]
- Brandon Woodruff (born 1993), baseball player
See also
- List of municipalities in Mississippi
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Lee County, Mississippi
- Tupelo Regional Airport
References
Notes
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
Citations
- ^ "Mayor". City of Tupelo. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
- ^ "Tupelo, Mississippi". City of Tupelo. 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ "Tupelo | Mississippi, United States of America". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ^ "The Rural Electrification of Northeast Mississippi". Sara E. Morris. Mississippi History Now. Archived from the original on March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ "The Role of Publicly Provided Electricity in Economic Development: The Experience of the Tennessee Valley Authority 1929-1955" (PDF). Carl T. Kitchens. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ "25 Deadliest U.S. Tornadoes". Spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ^ "Mississippi: Crafting a Comeback: Mississippi's furniture industry is rebounding as tax credits encourage investment. | Site Selection Online". Site Selection. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ^ a b c Sparks, Evan (March 1, 2019). "Bank City USA". ABA Banking Journal.
- ^ Guajardo, Rod. "Tupelo: All-America City again". Daily Journal. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Totals: 2010-2017". Census.gov. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- ^ "Our History". Tupelo 150. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- ^ Tupelo's 150 Years- How Tupelo Got Its Name, archived from the original on December 11, 2021, retrieved April 13, 2021
- ^ Dale Cox (January 8, 1935). "Tupelo, Mississippi - Historic Sites and Points of Interest". Exploresouthernhistory.com. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ "Tupelo, MS". GumTree Chronicles. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ "George "Machine Gun" Kelly: American Robber and Kidnapper". crimelibrary. July 18, 2007. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008. Retrieved November 7, 2007.
- ^ a b c Richelle Putnam (2017). Mississippi and the Great Depression, History Press.
- ^ Vicki Reikes Fox, Marcie Cohen Ferris (2002). Shalom Y'All; Images of Jewish Life in the American South, Algonquin Books.
- ^ Sid Salter (2015). Jack Cristil; Voice of the MSU Bulldogs, University Press of Mississippi, Revised Edition.
- ^ a b c Leesha Faulkner (January 18, 2020). "Tupelo's Jewish community thrived". Daily Journal.
- ^ "Tupelo, Mississippi". Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities. Goldring/Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life. 2020.
- ^ "Gulf, Mobile and Ohio, Table 3". Official Guide of the Railways. 87 (7). National Railway Publication Company. December 1954.
- ^ "St. Louis-San Francisco Railway - Frisco, Tables 23, 25". Official Guide of the Railways. 87 (7). National Railway Publication Company. December 1954.
- ^ "The Gulf Coast Rebel - August, 1950 - Streamliner Schedules". Streamlinerschedules.com. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ^ "The Kansas City-Florida Special - April, 1961 - Streamliner Schedules". Streamlinerschedules.com. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ^ "St. Louis-San Francisco Railway, Table 4". Official Guide of the Railways. 99 (7). National Railway Publication Company. December 1966.
- ISBN 9781476666013.
- ^ Capelouto, Susanna (December 29, 2013). "Phoenix police fatally shoot man suspected in multi-state robberies, cop killing". CNN.
- ^ "PHOTOS: President Trump holds rally in Tupelo". Daily Journal. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ "Follow the latest from President Trump's Tupelo visit". Daily Journal. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ Rambaran, Vandana (November 1, 2019). "Trump rallies supporters in Mississippi after House impeachment probe vote, ahead of tight governor's race". Fox News. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ "Live: Trump holds rallies in Mississippi". CNN. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ "Tupelo-Gainesville Outbreak", Digital Library of Georgia, 2008, retrieved 12 Sept 2011
- ^ a b "Significant Tornadoes Update 1992–1995" Archived May 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Mid-South Tornadoes, Mississippi State University
- ^ "This Day In History; Tornadoes Devastate Tupelo and Gainesville", The History Channel online, retrieved 13 September 2011
- ^ "The 10 deadliest U.S. tornadoes on record". CNN.com. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ Martis D. Ramage, Jr. Tupelo, Mississippi, Tornado of 1936,
- ^ "A large and destructive tornado has touched down in Tupelo, Mississippi". CNN.com. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
- ^ United States Department of Agriculture. "USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map". United States National Arboretum. Archived from the original on March 3, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ "Station: Tupelo RGNL AP, MS". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
- ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved November 8, 2014.
- ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
- ^ a b c "2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 22, 2012.[dead link]
- ^ "Community Facts: Tupelo city". Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2014.
- ^ "About Tupelo | City of Tupelo". Tupeloms.gov. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
- ^ Dennis Seid, The Northeast Mississippi Business Journal, February 2006
- ^ "Renin Corporation Expands Tupelo, Mississippi, Production Center". Areadevelopment.com. May 26, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ^ "Exotic Animals at the Tupelo Buffalo Park and Zoo". Tupelobuffalopark.com. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
- ^ a b "About the City of Tupelo" (2006), City of Tupelo website, web: TupeloMS-About Archived March 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine: for Elvis, the Natchez Trace Parkway, and Tupelo Automobile Museum.
- ^ "Pharr Mounds-National Register of Historic Places Indian Mounds of Mississippi Travel Itinerary". National Park Service. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
- ^ Tom Wicker. "Lyric History". Tctwebstage.com. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ a b "City of Tupelo - Attractions"[permanent dead link], 2006, City of Tupelo website
- ^ "CITY COUNCIL". Tupeloms.gov. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ^
- ^ "Explore Tupelo High School". Niche. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
- ^ "Top 25 athletic programs for 2007-08". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ "Lee County Courier". Mspress.org. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ^ "Jarious Jackson Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
- ^ Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant; Cohen, Richard E. (November 13, 1999). "The almanac of American politics, 2000 : the senators, the representatives, and the governors : their records and election results, their states and districts". Archive.org. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
External links
- Official website
- Geographic data related to Tupelo, Mississippi at OpenStreetMap
- Tupelo, Mississippi at Ballotpedia