Stockton, California
Stockton | ||
---|---|---|
FIPS code 06-75000 | | |
GNIS feature IDs | 1659872, 2411987 | |
Website | www |
Stockton is a city in and the
Stockton was founded by
Built during the
History
When Europeans first arrived in the Stockton area, it was occupied by the Yatchicumne, a branch of the Northern Valley
The Siskiyou Trail began in the northern San Joaquin Valley. It was a centuries-old Native American footpath that led through the Sacramento Valley over the Cascades and into present-day Oregon.[22]
The extensive network of waterways in and around Stockton was fished and navigated by
19th century
Mexican era
Carlos Maria Weber was a German émigré in the United States in 1836. He was born as Carl David Weber (18 February 1814 in
As an alien, Weber could not secure a land grant directly, so he formed a partnership with Guillermo (William) Gulnac. Born in New York, Gulnac had married a Mexican woman and sworn allegiance to Mexico, which then ruled California. He applied in Weber's place for Rancho Campo de los Franceses, a land grant of 11 square leagues on the east side of the San Joaquin River.[23]
Gulnac and Weber dissolved their partnership in 1843. Gulnac's attempts to settle the Rancho Campo de los Franceses failed, and Weber acquired it in 1845. In 1846 Weber had induced a number of settlers to locate on the rancho, when the Mexican–American War broke out. Considered a Californio, Weber was offered the position of captain by Mexican general José Castro, which he declined; he later, however, accepted the position of captain in the Cavalry of the United States. Captain Weber's decision to change sides lost him a great deal of the trust he had built up among his Mexican business partners. As a result, he moved to the grant in 1847 and sold his business in San Jose in 1849.
Gold Rush era
At the start of the
As the head of navigation on the San Joaquin River, the city grew rapidly as a miners' supply point during the Gold Rush. Weber built the first permanent residence in the
Chinese immigration
Thousands of Chinese came to Stockton from the Guangdong province of China during the 1850s due to a combination of political and economic unrest in China and the discovery of gold in California. After the gold rush, many worked for the railroads and land reclamation projects in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and remained in Stockton. By 1880 Stockton was home to the third-largest Chinese community in California. Discriminatory laws, in particular the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, restricted immigration and prevented the Chinese from buying property.[25] The Lincoln Hotel, built in 1920 by the Wong brothers on South El Dorado Street, was considered one of Stockton's finest hotels of the time. Only after the Magnuson Act was repealed in 1962 were American-born Chinese allowed to buy property and own buildings.[26][27]
Incorporation
The city was officially incorporated on July 23, 1850, by the county court, and the first city election was held on July 31, 1850. In 1851 the City of Stockton received its charter from the State of California. Early settlers included gold seekers from Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, the Pacific Islands, Mexico and Canada. The historical population diversity is reflected in Stockton street names, architecture, numerous ethnic festivals and the faces and heritage of a majority of its citizens. In 1870 the Census Bureau reported Stockton's population as 87.6% white and 10.7% Asian. Many Chinese were immigrating to California as workers in these years, especially for the
Benjamin Holt settled in Stockton in 1883 and with his three brothers founded the Stockton Wheel Co., and later the Holt Manufacturing Company.
20th century
On Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1904, Holt successfully tested the first workable
On April 22, 1918, British Army Col.
On January 10, 1920, a major fire on Main Street threatened an entire city block. At about 2 a.m., a blaze was discovered in the basement of the Yost-Dohrmann store, which was gutted, and adjacent businesses were damaged by flames and water. Damage was estimated at $150,000.[33]
By 1931, the Stockton Electric Railroad Co. operated 40
Stockton is the site of the first
In 1933, the
During World War II, the Stockton Assembly Center was built on the San Joaquin County Fairgrounds, a few blocks from what was then the city center. One of 15 temporary detention sites run by the Wartime Civilian Control Administration, the center held some 4,200 Japanese-Americans removed from their West Coast homes under Executive Order 9066, while they waited for transfer to more permanent and isolated camps in the interior of the country. The center opened on May 10, 1942, and operated until October 17, when the majority of its population was sent to Rohwer, Arkansas. The former incarceration site was named a California Historical Landmark in 1980, and in 1984 a marker was erected at the entrance to the fairgrounds.[38]
In 1979, the development of a residential area in Stockton at a burial ground of the tribe unearthed two hundred Miwok remains. In an attempt to prevent the further desecration of the burial grounds, a descendant of the people initiated a legal case which became Wana the Bear v. Community Construction (1982). The decision ultimately sided with the development company, which was heavily criticized by Native Americans as a display of ethnocentrism.[39][40]
In September 1996, the
Geography
Stockton is situated amidst the
Interstate 5 and State Route 99, inland California's major north–south highways, pass through the city. State Route 4 and the dredged San Joaquin River connect the city with the San Francisco Bay Area to its west, creating the Stockton Deepwater Shipping Channel. Stockton and Sacramento are California's only inland sea ports.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city occupies a total area of 64.8 square miles (168 km2), of which 61.7 square miles (160 km2) is land and 3.1 square miles (8.0 km2), comprising 4.76%, is water.
Economy
Historically an agricultural community, Stockton's economy has since diversified into other industries, which include telecommunications and manufacturing.
Stockton's central location, relative to both San Francisco and
Shopping
The city of Stockton has two
Construction and public spending
Beginning in the late 1990s, Stockton had commenced some revitalization projects.
A new downtown marina and adjacent Joan Darah Promenade were added along the south shore of the Stockton Deep Water Channel during 2009. Various public art projects were also installed throughout the area (see Stockton's public art section).[citation needed]
Real estate bubble
The Stockton real estate market was disproportionately affected by the
Stockton's Weston Ranch neighborhood, a subdivision of modest tract homes built in the mid-1990s, had the worst foreclosure rate in the area according to ACORN, a now defunct national advocacy group for low and moderate-income families.[citation needed] Stockton found itself squarely at the center of the 2000s' speculative housing bubble. Real estate in Stockton more than tripled in value between 1998 and 2005, but when the bubble burst in 2007, the ensuing financial crisis made Stockton one of the hardest-hit cities in United States.[45]
Stockton housing prices fell 39% in the 2008 fiscal year, and the city had the country's highest
City bankruptcy
Following the 2008 financial crisis, in June 2012 Stockton became the largest city in U.S. history to file for bankruptcy protection. It was surpassed by Detroit in July 2013. The city approved a plan to exit bankruptcy in October 2013,[47] and voters approved a sales tax on November 5, 2013, to help fund the exit.[48]
The collapse in real estate valuations had a negative effect on the city's revenue base. On June 28, 2012, Stockton filed for
The Stockton bankruptcy case lasted longer than two years and received nationwide attention. On October 4, 2013, Stockton City Council approved a bankruptcy exit plan by a 6–0 vote[47] to be filed with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of California, Sacramento. Voters approved a 3⁄4-cent sales tax on November 5, 2013, to help fund the bankruptcy exit.[48]
On October 30, 2014, a
Experiment in Guaranteed Basic Income
As part of a privately funded experiment in
Climate
Stockton's climate lies right on the boundary of, and fluctuates between,
At the airport, the highest recorded temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on July 23, 2006, and September 6, 2022, and the lowest was 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 11, 1949. There are an average of 88 afternoons annually with high temperatures of 90 °F (32.2 °C) or higher, and 19 afternoons of 100 °F (37.8 °C) or above; 19 mornings see low temperatures at or below freezing. The wettest "rain year" was from July 1982 to June 1983 with 27.89 inches (708.4 mm) and the driest from July 1975 to June 1976 with 5.71 inches (145.0 mm).[58] Note that regional difference of precipitation has been recorded in Stockton. The more northern part of Stockton receives more precipitation than southern Stockton.
The most rainfall in one month was 8.22 inches (208.8 mm) in February 1998 and the most rainfall in 24 hours was 3.01 inches (76.5 mm) on January 21, 1967.[58] There are an average of 56.5 days with measurable precipitation.[56] Only light amounts of snow have been recorded, and the only instance of measurable snowfall occurred on February 5, 1976, with 0.3 in (0.8 cm) measured.[58]
A 2018
Climate data for Stockton Metropolitan Airport, California (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1948–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 78 (26) |
79 (26) |
87 (31) |
100 (38) |
107 (42) |
111 (44) |
115 (46) |
113 (45) |
115 (46) |
101 (38) |
85 (29) |
76 (24) |
115 (46) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 65.3 (18.5) |
71.6 (22.0) |
79.3 (26.3) |
89.3 (31.8) |
97.3 (36.3) |
104.3 (40.2) |
105.8 (41.0) |
104.9 (40.5) |
101.4 (38.6) |
92.2 (33.4) |
77.8 (25.4) |
65.9 (18.8) |
107.7 (42.1) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 57.0 (13.9) |
62.9 (17.2) |
68.5 (20.3) |
74.5 (23.6) |
82.8 (28.2) |
90.4 (32.4) |
95.4 (35.2) |
94.4 (34.7) |
90.4 (32.4) |
80.3 (26.8) |
66.6 (19.2) |
57.1 (13.9) |
76.7 (24.8) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 48.0 (8.9) |
52.1 (11.2) |
56.4 (13.6) |
60.9 (16.1) |
67.7 (19.8) |
74.0 (23.3) |
78.1 (25.6) |
77.3 (25.2) |
73.9 (23.3) |
65.5 (18.6) |
54.7 (12.6) |
47.7 (8.7) |
63.0 (17.2) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 39.1 (3.9) |
41.3 (5.2) |
44.2 (6.8) |
47.4 (8.6) |
52.6 (11.4) |
57.6 (14.2) |
60.9 (16.1) |
60.3 (15.7) |
57.5 (14.2) |
50.6 (10.3) |
42.8 (6.0) |
38.4 (3.6) |
49.4 (9.7) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 28.2 (−2.1) |
31.0 (−0.6) |
35.0 (1.7) |
38.3 (3.5) |
44.5 (6.9) |
49.8 (9.9) |
54.1 (12.3) |
53.8 (12.1) |
49.9 (9.9) |
41.0 (5.0) |
31.9 (−0.1) |
27.9 (−2.3) |
26.0 (−3.3) |
Record low °F (°C) | 16 (−9) |
22 (−6) |
27 (−3) |
32 (0) |
36 (2) |
45 (7) |
49 (9) |
47 (8) |
42 (6) |
33 (1) |
25 (−4) |
17 (−8) |
16 (−9) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.67 (68) |
2.50 (64) |
1.91 (49) |
1.11 (28) |
0.57 (14) |
0.10 (2.5) |
0.00 (0.00) |
0.01 (0.25) |
0.08 (2.0) |
0.69 (18) |
1.40 (36) |
2.41 (61) |
13.45 (342) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.7 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 6.4 | 9.1 | 56.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
83.6 | 78.1 | 69.5 | 61.4 | 52.9 | 48.6 | 46.4 | 48.2 | 52.0 | 59.8 | 75.5 | 83.6 | 63.3 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 39.6 (4.2) |
42.3 (5.7) |
42.1 (5.6) |
42.3 (5.7) |
45.7 (7.6) |
48.9 (9.4) |
51.8 (11.0) |
52.0 (11.1) |
50.5 (10.3) |
46.9 (8.3) |
43.9 (6.6) |
39.2 (4.0) |
45.4 (7.5) |
Source: NOAA (dew points and relative humidity 1961–1990)[58][56][61] |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
See or edit raw graph data.
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 3,679 | — | |
1870 | 10,066 | 173.6% | |
1880 | 10,282 | 2.1% | |
1890 | 14,424 | 40.3% | |
1900 | 17,506 | 21.4% | |
1910 | 23,253 | 32.8% | |
1920 | 40,296 | 73.3% | |
1930 | 47,963 | 19.0% | |
1940 | 54,714 | 14.1% | |
1950 | 70,853 | 29.5% | |
1960 | 86,321 | 21.8% | |
1970 | 109,963 | 27.4% | |
1980 | 148,283 | 34.8% | |
1990 | 210,943 | 42.3% | |
2000 | 243,771 | 15.6% | |
2010 | 291,707 | 19.7% | |
2020 | 320,804 | 10.0% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[62][failed verification] 2020[16] |
This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: Newer information is available from the 2020 census report.(February 2022) |
Historical racial composition | 2010[63] | 1990[64] | 1970[64] | 1940[64] |
---|---|---|---|---|
White |
37.0% | 57.5% | 79.5% | 90.7% |
—Non-Hispanic whites | 22.1% | 43.6% | 63.3%[b] | n/a |
Black or African American |
12.2% | 9.6% | 11.0% | 1.6% |
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 40.3% | 25.0% | 17.5%[b] | n/a |
Asian |
21.5% | 22.8% | 7.9% | 7.6% |
2020
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[65] | Pop 2010[66] | Pop 2020[67] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
78,539 | 66,836 | 54,765 | 32.22% | 22.91% | 17.07% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
26,359 | 33,507 | 38,178 | 10.81% | 11.49% | 11.90% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
1,337 | 1,237 | 1,237 | 0.55% | 0.42% | 0.39% |
Asian alone (NH) | 47,093 | 60,323 | 67,738 | 19.32% | 20.68% | 21.12% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 810 | 1,622 | 2,440 | 0.33% | 0.56% | 0.76% |
Other race alone (NH) | 496 | 470 | 1,608 | 0.20% | 0.16% | 0.50% |
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 9,920 | 10,122 | 13,237 | 4.07% | 3.47% | 4.13% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 79,217 | 117,590 | 141,601 | 32.50% | 40.31% | 44.14% |
Total | 243,771 | 291,707 | 320,804 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2010 US Census
The
The 2010 census reported that 285,973 people (98.0% of the population) lived in households, 3,896 (1.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,838 (0.6%) were institutionalized.
There were 90,605 households, out of which 41,033 (45.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 41,481 (45.8%) were
The population was spread out, with 87,338 people (29.9%) under the age of 18, 34,126 people (11.7%) aged 18 to 24, 76,691 people (26.3%) aged 25 to 44, 64,300 people (22.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 29,252 people (10.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.
There were 99,637 housing units at an average density of 1,538.7 per square mile (594.1/km2), of which 46,738 (51.6%) were owner-occupied, and 43,867 (48.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.4%. 146,235 people (50.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 139,738 people (47.9%) lived in rental housing units.
Rankings
- In 2020, U.S. News & World Report named Stockton as America's most diverse city.[69]
Due to a number of socio-economic problems, Stockton has been subject to a series of negative national rankings:
- In a 2010 Gallup poll, Stockton was tied with Montgomery, Alabama for the most obese metro area in the US with an obesity rate of 34.6 percent.[70]
- In the February 2012 issue of Forbes, the magazine ranked Stockton the eighth most miserable US city, largely as a result of the steep drop in home values and high unemployment.[44]
- In 2012 the National Insurance Crime Bureau ranked Stockton seventh in auto theft rate per capita in the US.[71]
- In 2012, Stockton was ranked as the tenth most dangerous city in America and the second most dangerous in California (behind Oakland).[72]
- In 2013, Stockton was ranked as the third least literate city in the U.S. in a study by Central Connecticut State University, with less than 17% of adults holding a college degree,[73] and ABC.com ranked the city as the third least literate of all U.S. cities with a population of more than 250,000 behind Bakersfield, California, and Corpus Christi, Texas.[74]
Top employers
According to the city's 2022 comprehensive annual financial report,[75] the top employers in the city were:[c]
No. | Employer | No. of employees |
---|---|---|
1 | Stockton Unified School District | 5,265 |
2 | Amazon | 4,750 |
3 | St. Joseph's Medical Center | 3,200 |
4 | City of Stockton | 2,118 |
5 | San Joaquin County Office of Education | 1,955 |
6 | Pacific Gas and Electric
|
1,550 |
7 | University of the Pacific | 1,329 |
8 | Lincoln Unified School District | 1,125 |
9 | Kaiser Permanente | 1,065 |
10 | San Joaquin Delta College | 813 |
Arts and culture
Performing arts
Music
- Stockton Symphony is the third-oldest professional orchestra in California (founded in 1926), after the San Francisco Symphony and the Los Angeles Philharmonic.[76]
- University of the Pacific is known for its music conservatory and for being the home of the Brubeck Institute, named after Dave Brubeck, a Pacific alumnus and jazz piano legend. The institute maintains an archive of Brubeck's work and offers a fellowship program for young musicians. The Brubeck Institute Jazz Quartet is composed of Pacific students and tours widely.[77]
- San Joaquin Delta College has a growing jazz program and is home to several official and unofficial jazz bands composed of Delta and Pacific students and faculty.[78]
- Christian Life College offers associate and Bachelor of Arts degrees in Christian music.
Stockton hosts several live-music venues, including:
- Stockton Arena, which is home to several sports teams, and has hosted nationally known entertainers such as Gwen Stefani, Rob Zombie, Ozzy Osbourne, Josh Groban, Carrie Underwood and Bob Dylan.
- The annual Apollo Night talent show draws about 1,500 people to the Stockton Memorial Civic Auditorium (1925) to watch performances by aspiring Northern California musicians.[79]
Theatre
The Bob Hope Theatre in downtown Stockton, formerly known as the Fox California Theatre, built in 1930,
Founded in 1951, the Stockton Civic Theatre offers an annual series of musicals, comedies and dramas. It maintains a 300-seat theater in the Venetian Bridges neighborhood. The company also hosts the annual Willie awards for the local performing arts.
Other performing arts organizations and venues include the Stockton Opera[82] and others.
Visual arts
Museums and galleries
Stockton is home to several museums:
- Haggin Museum — the private, non-profit fine arts and history museum was built in Victory Park in 1931. The museum displays 19th and 20th-century works of art and houses local historical exhibits. The Haggin Museum features collections and exhibits related to local Valley history and California history. The museum also displays fine art of late 19th and early 20th century artists such as Jean Béraud, Albert Bierstadt, Rosa Bonheur, William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Paul Gauguin, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Childe Hassam, George Inness, Daniel Ridgway Knight, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Jehan-Georges Vibert, and Jules Worms.[21]
- The San Joaquin County Historical Society and Museum operates an 18-acre (7.3 ha) museum facility at Micke Grove Regional Park, two miles (3.2 km) north of the city. The museum houses exhibits dedicated to the founding of Stockton, San Joaquin County's legacy of innovation in agriculture and manufacturing, immigrant communities in Stockton and Lodi, and historic industries in San Joaquin County.
- Reynolds Gallery, and Horton Gallery — the University of the Pacific Reynolds Gallery, and the San Joaquin Delta College Horton Gallery, both feature contemporary work by students and local and nationally known artists.
- Children's Museum of Stockton — housed in a former warehouse in the Downtown Waterfront District, featuring many interactive displays.
- Elsie May Goodwin Gallery — operated by the Stockton Art League.
- Filipino American National Historical Society proposed the construction of the National Pinoy Museum in the Little Manila district, dedicated to the history of Filipino Americans. Stockton historically had one of the largest populations of Filipinos, immigrants and U.S. citizens, in the United States.[83] The museum opened in 2015 after two decades of planning.[84][85]
- Art Expressions of San Joaquin – an artists' cooperative featuring the works of local artists – with a prior gallery on the Miracle Mile and ongoing shows at the Hilton Hotel, the County Administration Building and the Stockton Metropolitan Airport.
- Stockton Field Aviation Museum – sponsored by the Aeronautical Education Foundation, featuring WWII-era memorabilia.
- Mexican Heritage Center & Gallery, Inc. — A non-profit located in downtown Stockton whose mission is to educate and promote art and culture for current and future generations. Since the late 1990s, the Mexican Heritage Center & Gallery has been a pioneer in bringing Mexican visual and performing arts to the Stockton community.
With over 77,000 trees, the City of Stockton has been labeled Tree City USA some 30 times.[21]
Stockton has over 275 restaurants, ranging in variety reflective of the population demographics. A mix of American, African American, BBQ, Cambodian, Chinese, Filipino, Greek, Italian, Mexican and Vietnamese restaurants are abundant in the community reflecting the city's diverse culture. Cantonese restaurant On Lock Sam still exists and dates back to 1895.[86]
Festivals
Stockton hosts many annual festivals celebrating the cultural heritage of the city, including:
- San Joaquin Children's Film Festival
- San Joaquin International Film Festival (February)[87]
- Chinese New Year's Parade and Festival (First Sunday in March)
- St. Patrick's Day and Shamrock Run (March)
- Great Stockton Asparagus Dine Out (April)
- Stockton Asparagus Festival — annual Asparagus food festival (April)[88]
- Brubeck Jazz Festival (April)[89]
- Earth Day Festival (April)
- Cambodian New Year (April)
- Annual Nagar Kirtan, Sikh parade (April)[90]
- Boat Parade for the Opening of Yachting Season (April)
- Stockton Flavor Fest (May)
- Cinco de Mayo Parade and Festival (May)
- Zion Academy's Reclaim (May)
- Jewish Food Fair (June)
- Juneteenth Day Celebration (June)
- Stockton Obon Bazaar (July)[91]
- Peruvian Independence Day Festival (July)
- Taste of San Joaquin and West Coast BBQ Championships
- Filipino Barrio Fiesta (August)[92]
- Stockton Beer Week (August)[93]
- Stockton Pride (August)
- Christian Spirit Festival (September)
- The Record's Family Day at the Park (Sept)
- Stockton Restaurant Week (September)
- Black Family Day (September)
- San Joaquin County Coastal Cleanup Day (September)
- Greek Festival (September) First weekend after Labor Day
- Festa Italiana: Tutti In Piazza (September)
- Stocktoberfest, Beer and Brats Festival on the Waterfront (October)
- Dia De Los Muertos Festival (October)[94]
- Hmong New Year (November)
- Stockton Festival of Lights and Boat Parade (December)
Sports
Stockton is home to two minor league franchises:
- Stockton Kings—(NBA G League basketball team; affiliate of the Sacramento Kings)
- Low-A West baseball team; affiliate of the Oakland Athletics)
- Team Trouble—(ABA basketball team)
The Stockton Ports Baseball Team play their home games at Banner Island Ballpark, a 5,000 seat facility built for the team in downtown Stockton. The Ports played their home games at Billy Hebert Field from 1953 to 2004. The Ports have been a single A team in Stockton since 1946 in the California Minor Leagues. Stockton has minor league baseball dating back to 1886.[95] The Ports have produced 244 Major League players including Gary Sheffield, Dan Plesac, Doug Jones, Pat Listach, and Stockton's own Dallas Braden among others.[96] The Ports have eleven championships and are currently the A class team for the Oakland Athletics. The Ports had the best win–loss percentage in all Minor League Baseball in the 1980s.[97]
A 10,000-seat arena,
Stockton is home to the oldest NASCAR certified race track West of the Mississippi. The Stockton 99 Speedway opened in 1947 and is a quarter mile oval paved track with grandstands that can accommodate 5,000 spectators.[citation needed]
Stockton's designation for Little League Baseball is District 8, which has 12 leagues of teams within the city. Stockton also has several softball leagues including Stockton Girls Softball Association, and Port City Softball League, each having several hundred members.[citation needed]
Rowing Regatta featuring Junior, Collegiate and Master Level Rowing & Sculling Competition is organized by the University of the Pacific[98] annually on the Stockton's Deep Water Channel. Teams from throughout Northern California compete in this Olympic sport which is also the oldest collegiate sport in the United States.
Stockton hosts a wide variety of sports events every year: from resident hockey, baseball and soccer games through basketball at the University of the Pacific and at the Stockton Arena; golf championships at two 18-hole courses and a Par 3 Executive Course; rowing, sailing and fishing on the Delta and the Stockton Channel; martial arts and cage fighting. There are four public golf courses open year-round, Van Buskirk, Swenson, and The Reserve at Spanos Park and Elkhorn Golf Course. Private courses include The Stockton Golf & Country Club, Oakmoore, and Brookside Golf & Country Club.[citation needed]
Stockton is one of a handful of cities that lays claim to being the inspiration for the 1888 poem "Casey at the Bat."[99] The University of the Pacific was the summer home of the San Francisco 49ers Summer Training Camp from 1998 through 2002.
Stockton is also the base of
Parks and recreation
The City of Stockton has a small children's amusement park, Pixie Woods; the park opened in 1954 and has since welcomed more than one million visitors.[105]
Government
On November 3, 2020, Kevin J. Lincoln II was elected mayor, defeating incumbent mayor Michael Tubbs. He assumed office on January 1, 2021.[106]
- City council
The City Council consists of the following members as of January 1, 2021:[107]
- Kevin Lincoln— Mayor
- Sol Jobrack— District 1
- Dan Wright— District 2
- Paul Canepa— District 3
- Susan Lenz— District 4
- Christina Fugazi— District 5
- Kimberly Warmsley— District 6
The current form of government is a city manager council.[108]
Stockton is also seat of
Police department
- Cleveland Elementary School shooting
On January 17, 1989, the Stockton Police Department received a threat against Cleveland Elementary School from an unknown person. Later that day, Patrick Purdy, who was later found to be mentally ill, opened fire on the school's playground with a semi-automatic rifle, killing five children, all Cambodian or Vietnamese refugees, and wounding 29 others, and a teacher, before taking his own life. The
- Budget crisis
The city cut its police force by more than 20% during the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis, but voters approved a sales tax on November 5, 2013, that provided funds to hire an additional 120 police officers.[111][112]
- Bank robbery
On July 16, 2014, officers responded to an armed bank robbery, which resulted in the four perpetrators taking three hostages and leading them on an hour-long high-speed pursuit. Over the course of the car chase, one suspect fired over 100 rounds from an AK-47s at police, disabling 14 police vehicles, including the department's own Lenco BearCat armored personnel carrier. More than 30 officers shot over 600 rounds into the getaway vehicle. Two perpetrators were killed, two hostages were injured, one hostage was killed by police ammunition, and numerous vehicles and other property were damaged or destroyed by the nearly 1,000 rounds of ammunition fired by the robbers and police.[113] The department faced criticism with its handling of the incident in the aftermath.[114]
- Crime
In 2012, the City of Stockton was the 10th[72] most dangerous city in America, reporting 1,417 violent crimes per 100,000 persons, well above the national average, and 22 murders per 100,000 (above the average of 4.7).[citation needed] In 2013, violent crime lessened to 1,230.3 crimes per 100,000 population, making it 19th on the list of the most dangerous cities.[115] Stockton has experienced a high rate of violent crime, reaching a record high of 71 homicides in 2012 before dropping to 32 for all of 2013.[115][116]
Stockton Police Chief Eric Jones credited 2013's drop in the murder rate to Operation Ceasefire, a gun violence intervention strategy pioneered in Boston and implemented in Stockton in 2012,[117] combined with a federal gun and narcotics operation.[118]
Fire department
The Stockton Fire Department was first rated as a Class 1 fire department by the Insurance Services Office in 1971. In 2005, all 13 of the city's stations met the National Fire Protection Association standard of a 5-minute response time.[119] In 2009, it had 13 fire stations and over 275 career personnel.[120] Due in part to staffing levels that placed five staff on ladder companies and four staff on engines, it was one of only 57 departments among 44,000 to receive the Class 1 rating in 2010.[121]
The department maintained this rating until 2011, when during the city's Chapter 9 bankruptcy proceedings and following a Civil Grand Jury investigation, the city reduced staffing levels from 220 full-time staff to 177, and the 2011 budget from $59 million to $40 million. The department was cut by 30%.[122] The bankruptcy was due in part to a 1996 decision made by the city to provide firefighters with free health care after retirement, which they later expanded to all city employees. The benefit gradually grew into a $417 million liability.[123]
As of 2016[update], the department consists of 12 firehouses that house 12 Engine Companies and three Truck Companies. In 2015 the Fire Department responded to over 40,000 emergency calls for service, including more than 300 working structure fires. The department is one of the busiest in the United States. The Stockton Fire Department is assisted on medical emergency calls by American Medical Response.[124]
Education
Primary and secondary
Stockton is part of four public school districts: Stockton Unified School District, Lincoln Unified School District, Lodi Unified School District, and Manteca Unified School District. There are more than 40 private elementary and secondary schools, including Saint Mary's High School. Stockton is also home to public charter school systems including Aspire Public Schools, Stockton Collegiate, Stockton Unified Early College Academy, and Venture Academy.[citation needed]
Post-secondary
The University of the Pacific moved to Stockton in 1923 from San Jose. The university is the only private school in the United States with less than 10,000 students enrolled that offers eight different professional schools. It also offers a large number of degree programs relative to its student population.[125] The men's Pacific Tigers basketball team has been in the NCAA Tournament nine times. The Tigers have played their home games at the Alex G. Spanos Center since 1982, prior to that playing at the Stockton Memorial Civic Auditorium since 1952. The campus has been used in the filming of a number of Hollywood films (see below), partly due to its likeness to East Coast Ivy League universities.[126]
Also located in Stockton are:
- San Joaquin Delta College, which serves a district area that includes all of San Joaquin County and parts of Alameda, Calaveras, Sacramento, and Solano counties.[127]
- mental institutionin California;
- Humphreys University, a private non-profit institution offering undergraduate and graduate degrees including a Juris Doctor from the Laurence Drivon School of Law
- Kaplan College of Stockton
- Christian Life College, a private four-year Bible college offering associate and Bachelor of Arts degrees in Bible and theology or Christian music
- MTI Business College
- UEI College
Transportation
Stockton is centrally located with access to:
- Port of Stockton — an international deep-water port
- Amtrak railroad system
- Intrastate and Interstate freeway systems
- Stockton Metropolitan Airport
Roads and railways
Due to its location at the "crossroads" of the
]Stockton is served by San Joaquin Regional Transit District.[128]
Stockton is also connected to the rest of the nation through a network of railways. Stockton has two passenger rail stations. Robert J. Cabral Station, which provides service to Sacramento on Amtrak's San Joaquins route, and also serves as the northern terminus of the Altamont Corridor Express commuter rail service to San Jose. San Joaquin Street station provides service to Oakland via the San Joaquins route.
Air
Stockton is served by
On July 1, 2010,
Seaport
The Port of Stockton is a fully operating seaport approximately 75 nautical miles (86 mi; 139 km) east of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. Set on the San Joaquin River, the port operates a 4,200-acre (17 km2)[131] transportation center with berthing space for 17 vessels up to 900 feet (270 m) in length.[132] As of 2014, the Port of Stockton had 136 tenants[133] and is served by BNSF & UP Railroads.[134] The port also includes 1.1 million square feet (102,000 m2) of dockside transit sheds and shipside rail track and 7.7 million square feet (715,000 m2) of warehousing.[135]
Adjacent to the port is
Media
Periodicals
- Daily periodicals
- The Recordis a daily newspaper
- Stocktonia News Service is an online news site for Stockton.
- Weekly periodicals
- Bilingual Weekly News publishes a weekly newspaper, in both Spanish and English
- Monthly periodicals
- Artifact is a San Joaquin Delta College periodical based in Stockton from December 2006 - 2020. Writing in all genres, photography and visual media by students, staff and faculty as well as community members are accepted.
- Caravan is a local community arts and events monthly tabloid.
- Poets' Espresso Review is a periodical that has been based in Stockton, mostly distributed by mail, from 2005 to 2010.
- San Joaquin Magazine is a regional lifestyle magazine covering Stockton, Lodi, Tracy, and Manteca.
- The Central Valley Business Journal is a monthly business tabloid.
- The Downtowner was a free monthly guide to downtown Stockton's events, commerce, real estate, and other cultural and community happenings.
Radio broadcast stations
AM stations
- KCVR 1570: Spanish Adult Hits
- KWG 1230: Catholic, switched formats to News/talk. Established in 1921, one of California's oldest running AM radio stations.[136]
- KWSX 1280: Rock and Roll simulcast of KMRQ 96.7 Manteca
- KSTN 1420 Modern Country Simulcast on 105.9FM
In addition, several radio stations from nearby San Francisco,
FM stations
- KQED-FM 88.5: (NPR affiliate) News/Talk
- KLOVE89.7: Christian
- KYCC 90.1: Christian
- Capital Public Radio) (NPRaffiliate) News/Talk and Jazz
- KWDC LP 93.5: (NPR) News/Talk and Music Varieties
- KHOP 95.1: Top 40
- KWIN 97.7: Urban Contemporary
- KRXQ 98.5: Alternative Rock
- KJOY 99.3: Lite Rock
- KQOD 100.1: Rhythmic Oldies
- KMIX 100.9: Regional Mexican
- KATM 103.3: Country
- KELR-LP 104.7: (3ABN Radio) Christian
- The Hawk 104.1: Classic Rock
- KSTN 105.9 Modern Country
- KLVS 107.3: Christian
Television stations
As part of the Sacramento-Stockton-Modesto television market, Stockton is primarily served by stations based in Sacramento, but may carry some San Francisco Bay area television stations' airwaves. These are listed below, with the city of license in bold:
- KCRA Channel 3 (NBCaffiliate) Sacramento
- O&O and secondary MyNetworkTVaffiliate) San Francisco
- PBSmember station) Sacramento
- PBSmember station) San Francisco
- KXTV Channel 10 (ABC affiliate) Sacramento
- KOVR Channel 13 (CBS O&O) Stockton
- KUVS Channel 19 (UnivisionO&O) Modesto
- IonO&O) Sacramento
- Independent station) Sacramento
- KCSO-LD Channel 33 (Telemundo O&O) Sacramento
- KTXL Channel 40 (Fox affiliate) Sacramento
- KTNC Channel 42 (Estrella TV affiliate) Concord
- KQCA Channel 58 (dual affiliate of The CW and MyNetworkTV) Sacramento
- KTFK-DT Channel 64 (UniMás O&O) Stockton
In popular culture
Comics
- Stan Lee named Stockton as the birthplace of the Fantastic Four in 1986, after Joe Field successfully petitioned Marvel Comics to change it from the fictional "Central City".[137]
Films
A number of motion pictures have been filmed in Stockton, including:
- All the King's Men (1949)[138]
- The Big Country (1958)[138]
- Bird[139]
- Big Stan (2007)[140]
- Blood Alley (1955)[138]
- Bound for Glory (1976)[138]
- Coast to Coast (1980)[141]
- Cool Hand Luke (1967)[142]
- Day of Independence (2003)[143]
- Dead Man on Campus (1998)[144]
- Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry (1974)[145]
- Dreamscape (1984)[146]
- Fat City (1972),[138] based on Leonard Gardner's acclaimed 1969 novel Fat City. It is set in Stockton in the late 1950s, and was filmed by director John Huston.
- Flubber (1997)[146]
- Friendly Fire (1979)[147]
- Glory Days (1988)[148]
- God's Little Acre (1958)[149]
- High Time (1960)[146]
- Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993)[139]
- Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)[146]
- Inventing the Abbotts (1997)[146]
- Natzee Zombie Carnage (2019)[150]
- Oklahoma Crude (1973)[138]
- Psychopomp (2020)[151]
- Porgy and Bess (1959)[138]
- Raid on Entebbe (1977)[152]
- Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)[146]
- Rampage (1988)[153]
- R. P. M. (1970)[146]
- Steamboat Round the Bend (1935)[154]
- The Great Race[139]
- The Strawberry Statement (1970)[155]
- The Sure Thing (1985)[146]
- Valentino's Return (1989)[156]
- The World's Greatest Athlete (1973)[157]
Television
- The 1960s Western TV series The Big Valley was set just outside Stockton.
- The FX TV show Sons of Anarchy (2008–2014), is set in and near Stockton.
- Road Trip with Huell Howser Episode 142[158]
Music
- Experimental hip-hop trio Death Grips song "Stockton" refers to the city in title as well as in lyrics : "Feeders suck like stuck in Stockton", on their 2012 album No Love Deep Web.[159]
Awards and recognition
Stockton received the All-America City award from the National Civic League in 1999, 2004, 2015, and 2017, a total of four times. 2004's award was based on a 60-member delegation's presentation titled "The Dream Lives On!", and featured three community-driven projects: Community Partnership for Families, Downtown Alliance, and the Peace Keeper Program.[160] The 1999 award recognized the Apollo Night Talent and Performing Series, the conversion of the Stockton Developmental Center into an off-campus center for the California State University at Stanislaus, and the LEAP (Let Education Attack Pollution) program.[161]
Sunset magazine named Stockton Best Tree City in the western United States in March 2002,
In February 2009, and again in February 2011, Stockton was named "America's Most Miserable City" by Forbes, reflecting the city's issues with commuting times, violent crime rates, income tax levels, and unemployment rates. Stockton had placed second in this listing in 2008.[163]
Notable people
Sister cities
Stockton has seven
Country | City | Year of Partnership |
---|---|---|
Japan | Shizuoka
|
March 9, 1959;[169] October 16, 1959[170] |
Philippines | Iloilo City | August 2, 1965 |
Mexico | Empalme | September 4, 1973 |
People's Republic of China
|
Foshan | April 11, 1988 |
Italy | Parma | January 13, 1998 |
Cambodia | Battambang | October 19, 2004 |
Nigeria | Asaba
|
June 6, 2006 |
See also
Notes
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ a b From 15% sample
- ^ San Joaquin County employers both within and outside the city. Details of the split were not available, and San Joaquin County has been excluded from the list.
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Further reading
- Robinette, Allen M. (June 1908). "History of the Stockton Fire Department 1850–1908".
- Tinkham, George Henry (1880). A history of Stockton from its organization up to the present time. W.M. Hinton & Co.
- Mabalon, Dawn Bohulano (May 29, 2013). Little Manila Is in the Heart: The Making of the Filipina/o American Community in Stockton, California. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-9574-4.