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Case Reporting in the United States
Case Classification
The CDC has defined three classifications for investigations of Swine-Origin Influenza A H1N1 Cases (S-OIV).[1]
- Confirmed: a person with an acute febrile respiratory illness with laboratory confirmed S-OIV infection by one or more of the following tests:
- real-time RT-PCR
- viral culture
- Probable: a person with an acute febrile respiratory illness who is positive for influenza A, but negative for H1 and H3 by influenza RT-PCR
- Suspected: a person with acute febrile respiratory illness with onset
- within 7 days of close contact with a person who is a confirmed case of S-OIV infection, or
- within 7 days of travel to community either within the United States or internationally where there are one or more confirmed cases of S-OIV infection, or
- resides in a community where there are one or more confirmed cases of S-OIV infection.
Daily Reporting
The CDC releases a daily update on confirmed cases by state at 11:00 am ET. Many state departments of health release updates on confirmed and probable cases throughout the day. Several states have developed dedicated websites for information on the flu outbreak. Others release numbers on their department of health website or though daily press reports.
All U.S. States and Puerto Rico have received testing kits and training from the CDC that permits them to do local confirmation of samples. Previously all samples had to be sent to CDC headquarters in Atlanta, causing considerable delay in reporting.
The numbers from state authorities are often out of synch with those in the CDC daily report, primarily because the CDC updates its figures less frequently. For instance, the Illinois Department of Public Health updated the number of confirmed cases in Illinois to 225 at 10 a.m. CT on May 6, 2009,[3] while the CDC update at 11:00 AM ET that day showed only 122 confirmed cases in Illinois.[2] The CDC report also currently lists one trans-state case. A Kentucky woman who had returned home from Mexico later traveled to Georgia where she was diagnosed and treated for swine flu. Both Georgia and Kentucky record the case on their websites; the CDC notes the case for Kentucky.
Some states, including Michigan, Massachusetts, Tennessee, have stopped reporting probable numbers since receiving their CDC testing kits. Others, such as Texas, never regularly reported probable cases.
On May 14th the CDC changed its daily report from only confirmed cases to 'Confirmed and Probable cases'.
- ^ a b "Interim Guidance on Case Definitions to be Used For Investigations of Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Cases*". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009-04-30. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az "CDC H1N1 Flu Update: U.S. Human Cases of H1N1 Flu Infection". H1N1 Flu. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009-05-14 (11:00 EDT). Retrieved 2009-05-14.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) Cite error: The named reference "CDC-Confirmed" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ "Illinois Department of Public Health Swine Flu Statistics". Illinois Department of Public Health. 2009-05-06 (10:00 CT). Retrieved 2009-05-06.
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