CCL1

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chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1
Identifiers
SymbolCCL1
Alt. symbolsSCYA1, I-309, TCA3, P500, SISe
Chr. 17 q11.2
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 (CCL1) is also known as small inducible cytokine A1 and I-309 in humans. CCL1 is a small

CC chemokine
family.

Genomics

CCL1 is encoded by CCL1

T cells upon secondary stimulation.[2]
The homologous mouse gene is termed Tca-3.

Discovery

CCL is the first human CCL chemokine that was identified by molecular cloning during searching for genes expressed by

T cells.[3]

Function

CCL1 is a small

endothelial cells.[2][4]
CCL1 binds to the chemokine
regulatory T lymphocytes.[6][7][1]
Thus, CCL1 mainly acts as a
neutrophils.[2]

CCL1 stimulates a transient increase in the concentration of cytoplasmic free

monocytes but not in other type of cells.[2] Furthermore, CCL1 inhibits apoptosis in thymic cell lines by the RAS/MAPK pathway but can prevent dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in cultured murine thymic lymphoma cells.[8][9][5]

Clinical importance

CCL1 is involved in inflammatory processes through

immunoglobulin and protein 3 containing the mucin domain (TIM-3) and was identified as a differentially transcribed gene in CD4+ cells T cells expressing TIM-3 that play a role in the regulation anti-tumor immunity.[6] CCL1 is also overexpressed in ATL cells and mediates an autocrine antiapoptotic loop along CCR8 for in vivo growth and survival of leukemic cells.[11] Due to these facts, the dysregulation of CCL1 can leads in pathogenesis of several diseases. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CCL1 gene are associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[13]

CCL1 plays a role in various CNS functions and could be associated with some neuroinflammatory disorders. In addition to other chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4, the presence of CCL1 has been reported in the development of brain abscesses, most likely leading to an influx of lymphocytes and monocytes and thus to an adaptive immune response.[14]

Because CCL1 binds to the CCR8 receptor, some diseases can be caused by dysregulation and dysfunction of this receptor. For example, CCL1 and CCR8 mRNA expression has been detected in the CNS of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

HIV-1 tropical, dual-tropical and macrophage tropics of HIV-1. Thus, CCl1 has also been studied as a possible potent inhibitor of fusion of cells and cells mediated by HIV-1 envelope and viral infection.[16]

Due to the pathologies that can be caused by dysregulation of the CCR8 receptor, some research are focused on the possibilities of inhibiting this receptor. To suppress the apoptotic activity of CCL1, removing three amino acids from the C-terminus of CCL1 reduces CCR8 binding but converts CCL1 to a more potent CCR8 agonist, leading to increased intracellular calcium release and increased antiapoptotic activity. [17]

References

  1. ^
    PMID 9242519
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 1557400
    .
  3. PMID 2212659
    .
  4. PMID 2457620
    .
  5. ^
    PMID 9207005
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 12547701
    .
  7. PMID 9670926
    .
  8. PMID 12645948
    .
  9. PMID 8805659
    .
  10. PMID 15378023
    .
  11. ^
    PMID 11493464
    .
  12. PMID 11110671
    .
  13. PMID 16864713
    .
  14. PMID 11254722
    .
  15. S2CID 13148735
    .
  16. PMID 9417093
    .
  17. PMID 22479563
    .
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