CXCL10
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 4: 76.02 – 76.02 Mb | Chr 5: 92.49 – 92.5 Mb | |||||||
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C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) also known as Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 is an 8.7 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL10 gene.[5][6] C-X-C motif chemokine 10 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family.
Gene
The gene for CXCL10 is located on human chromosome 4[7] in a cluster among several other CXC chemokines.[8]
Function
CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types in response to
This chemokine elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3.[11]
Structure
The three-dimensional crystal structure of this chemokine has been determined under 3 different conditions to a resolution of up to 1.92 Å.[12] The Protein Data Bank accession codes for the structures of CXCL10 are 1lv9, 1o7y, and 1o80.
Biomarkers
CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 have proven to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, suggesting an underlining pathophysiological relation between levels of these chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodeling.[13] [14]
Clinical significance
Baseline pre-treatment plasma levels of CXCL10 are elevated in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) of genotypes 1 or 4 who do not achieve a sustained viral response (SVR) after completion of antiviral therapy.[15][16] CXCL10 in plasma is mirrored by intrahepatic CXCL10 mRNA, and both strikingly predict the first days of elimination of HCV RNA (“first phase decline”) during interferon/ribavirin therapy for all HCV genotypes.[17] This also applies for patients co-infected with HIV, where pre-treatment IP-10 levels below 150 pg/mL are predictive of a favorable response, and may thus be useful in encouraging these otherwise difficult-to-treat patients to initiate therapy.[18] The pathogen Leishmania major utilizes a protease, GP63, that cleaves CXCL10, implicating CXCL10 in host defense mechanisms of certain intracellular pathogens like Leishmania.[19]
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169245 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034855 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ S2CID 4358066.
- PMID 2437586.
- ^ "CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".
- S2CID 8087808.
- PMID 11907072.
- PMID 7540647.
- PMID 12173928.
- PMID 12737818.
- PMID 26506526.
- S2CID 41188765.
- PMID 16960776.
- S2CID 27733803.
- S2CID 205873437.
- S2CID 28542340.
- PMID 31440475.
External links
- Human C7 genome location and C7 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- Human CXCL10 genome location and CXCL10 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P02778 (C-X-C motif chemokine 10) at the PDBe-KB.
Further reading
- Farber JM (March 1997). "Mig and IP-10: CXC chemokines that target lymphocytes". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 61 (3): 246–57. S2CID 14935171.
- Neville LF, Mathiak G, Bagasra O (September 1997). "The immunobiology of interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 kD (IP-10): a novel, pleiotropic member of the C-X-C chemokine superfamily". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 8 (3): 207–19. PMID 9462486.
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