Child Guidance
Child Guidance was both an evolving 20th-century social construct, sometimes called the Child Guidance Movement, and an influential network of
Although people working in the child guidance movement were among the first to adopt
History
The movement can be dated to 1906
In 1919, Alfred Adler started the first child guidance clinic in Vienna. With the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire,the Social Democratic Party of Austria came to power in the newly-formed Austrian Republic. The Social Democrats supported welfare programs with a particular focus on childhood educational reform. The resulting climate enabled Adler and his associates to establish 28 child guidance clinics, and Vienna became the first city in the world to provide schoolchildren with free educational therapy. [9]
England's first child guidance clinic was "The East London Child Guidance Clinic" opened on 21 November 1927, under the direction of Dr
The initial model adopted by child guidance clinics in England was to act as a child and adolescent assessment centre staffed by a lead
During World War II, the mass evacuation of children from cities and their families not only created a vast logistical challenge, but offered a unique opportunity to study the impacts on individuals.[1][15] [16] In 1944 there were 95 child guidance clinics across England. With the passing of the Education Act 1944, which recognised child guidance clinics as part of the support to mainstream education, that number rose to 300 clinics in 1955.[17]
Just prior and after the war, there was a significant influx of
Eclipse of the child guidance movement
In 1979, Robina Addis founded the Child Guidance Trust in order to pass on her social work knowledge.[18] However, in the second half of the century in the United Kingdom, the movement financed mainly from local government education budgets and limited to an out-patient service, was rivalled by NHS hospital-based departments of child and family psychiatry, a battle it ultimately lost largely for economic and ideological reasons, arguably to the detriment of children, their families and their communities.[3][1][19] A recent commentator has stated that the lack of investment in contemporary youth mental health services, including in forensic psychiatry, in the UK has not filled the gap left by the absent child guidance clinics which, for all their shortcomings, were at least accessible and focused on children and their families.[20]
See also
- Jane Addams
- John Bowlby
- Anna Freud Centre
- Approved school
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
- Children's Day Hospital
- Frieda Fordham
- Eva Frommer
- Inner London Education Authority
- Melanie Klein
- Hilda Marley
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh
- Stratheden Hospital
- Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust
- Clare Winnicott
- Sula Wolff
References
- ^ a b c d e f g John Stewart (2012). "The dangerous age of childhood': child guidance in Britain c.1918-1955". Retrieved 9 January 2020.
- ^ Michael Fordham (1969). Children as Individuals (revised from The Life of Childhood, Routledge ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton.
- ^ PMID 6614983.
- ^ Rustin, Margaret. (2009) 'Esther Bick's legacy of infant observation at the Tavistock – some reflections 60 years on', Infant Observation, 12(1), p. 32
- ISBN 0-465-00543-8. LCCN 00266879. OCLC 232370549. NLM 8412414.
- ^ Graham, Philip (2002). "Obituary: Professor Israel Kolvin". The Independent. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
- ^ PMID 4879358.
- ^ Beuttler, Fred and Bell, Carl (2010). For the Welfare of Every Child – A Brief History of the Institute for Juvenile Research, 1909 – 2010. University of Illinois: Chicago
- ^ McCluskey, Mary C. (5 March 2021). "Revitalizing Alfred Adler: An Echo for Equality". Clinical Social Work Journal. 50: 387–399.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61403. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "The East London Child Guidance Clinic". Lost Hospitals of London. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
- ^ "The London Child Guidance Clinic". Lost Hospitals of London. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
- ^ a b ""Psychologists in Education Services", The Summerfield Report (1968)". London: Department of Education and Science. 1968.
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(help) - ^ "the London Child Guidance Clinic information leaflet". Wellcome Library. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- D. W. Winnicott, "The problem of homeless children". The New Era in Home and School 25, 1944, 155-161
- ^ C. Britton, 'Remarks' in "The Oxfordshire Hostels Scheme". Report of Child Guidance Inter Clinic Conference. 1946, 29-35, 42-43
- S2CID 30680407.
- ^ "Robina Addis". wellcomelibrary.org. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ^ Renee Cohen (31 October 1996). "Letter: Where is the Child Guidance Clinic?". The Independent. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
- .
Further reading
- Barrett, Susan. (2019) "From Adult Lunatic Asylums to CAMHS Community Care: the Evolution of Specialist Mental Health Care for Children and Adolescents 1948-2018". Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique. XXIV-3
- ISBN 0-465-00543-8. LCCN 00266879. OCLC 232370549. NLM 8412414.
- Bowlby, J. (1973). Separation: Anxiety & Anger. Attachment and Loss (vol. 2); (International psycho-analytical library no.95). London: Hogarth Press. ISBN 0-7126-6621-4. OCLC 8353942.
- Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss: Sadness & Depression. Attachment and Loss (vol. 3); (International psycho-analytical library no.109). London: Hogarth Press. ISBN 0-465-04238-4. OCLC 59246032.
- Britton, C. 'Children who cannot play' (London 1945)
- Britton, C. (1947) "Residential management as treatment for difficult children". Human Relations 1 (1), 2-12
- Davies, H.A. (2010) The Use of Psychoanalytic Concepts in Therapy with Families: For all Professionals Working with Families. London: Karnac.
- Fox, E. (1927) "The Child Guidance Council and the Commonwealth Fund". Mental Welfare (8), 79–80.
- Graham, Philip (2002). "Obituary: Professor Israel Kolvin". The Independent. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
- Hendrick, H. (1994) Child Welfare: England 1872-1989. London: Routledge.
- Horne, A. and Lanyado, M. (eds.) (2015) An Independent Mind. The Collected Papers of Juliet Hopkins. London: Routledge.
- Midgen, Melissa Jane. (2016) The Child Analytic Tradition of the Society of Analytical Psychology – Birth, Death and Beyond. London: University of East London. (Doctoral thesis) [1] p. 29
- Stewart, John (2011) 'The dangerous age of childhood': child guidance in Britain, c.1918-1955. Presentation to the Department of Education on 6 October 2011. London. https://www.historyandpolicy.org/docs/john_stewart.pdf
- Thom, Deborah (1992) (2013) "Wishes, Anxieties, Play, and Gestures: Child Guidance in Inter-War England" in Cooter, R. (ed.) In the Name of the Child. London: Routledge DOI https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203412237. eBook ISBN 978-0203412237