Crimean Roma
 Family of Crimean Roma in the Stavropol Governorate. Pre-Russian Revolution. | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 20,000 - 25,000 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Ukraine, Russia | |
| Languages | |
| Crimean Romani, Crimean Tatar, Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Ursari • Ruska Roma • Gurbeti • Crimean Tatars |
| Part of a series on |
| Romani people |
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Romani people by sub-group |
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The Crimean Roma (also known as Crimean gypsies, Tatar gypsies, Ayuji (
History and ethnogenesis
Gypsies arrived on the territory of Crimea with the Golden Horde. In the Crimean Khanate, the Roma, like people of other nations, were not harassed; the authorities did not persecute them and they were not treated with contempt.[5] In Crimea, they led a sedentary and semi-sedentary lifestyle, engage in productive labor and music.[5] In the 18th century, Islam became the traditional religion of the Crimean gypsies. Roma researcher Nikolai Stieber wrote in his essay on Roma in Crimea:
—Nikolai Stieber[5]
Settlement and migration
From 1854 to 1862, Tatar Roma together with the Crimean Tatars were expelled to the Ottoman Empire. Most settled in Northern Bulgaria, especially in Dobruja, near the Danube, and in the Vidin region.
Crimean Tatar intervention saved the lives of many Crimean Roma from the Nazis; the estimates of what percent of Crimean Roma survived the Holocaust vary, with some estimates 30%,[6] but there is widespread disagreement on how many survived due to the fluid identity of Crimean Roma who often self-designated themselves as Crimean Tatars.[7][8] In 1944, the Crimean Roma were deported to Central Asia alongside their Crimean Tatar brethren, partially because many of the surviving Crimean Roma were registered as Crimean Tatars in their Soviet passports.[7]
In 1948–1949, some of the Crimean Roma began to return to Crimea, although many remained in exile with Crimean Tatars and further assimilated into the Crimean Tatar people.
Currently, the majority of Crimean Roma live outside of Crimea in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. There are also families living in Ukraine, namely in Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Vinnytsia, and Kherson.
Demographics
According to the
See also
Note
References
- ^ Romani Studies. Gypsy Lore Society. 2004.
- ISBN 978-1-137-34839-5.
- ISBN 978-3-86583-078-4.
- .
- ^ a b c "Крымские цыгане, или чингене: кто они?" (in Russian). avdet.org. 28 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-08-02. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
- ISBN 978-1-316-54608-6.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4742-1343-1.
- ISBN 978-1-58046-407-9.
- ^ "Демографические перспективы крымских татар | Газета 'Голос Крыма new' — официальный сайт". Archived from the original on 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
Sources
- Yanush Panchenko, Mykola Homanyuk. (2023). Servur'a and Krym'a (Crimean Roma) as indigenous peoples of Ukraine // Etnografia Polska, 67(1–2). p. 155-173.
- Toropov, V. G. (2009). Crimean Roma: Language and Folklore (PDF). Translated by Stepanov, A. V. Unona Publishing House. ISBN 978-5-89729-118-2. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2023-04-21.
- "Crimean Gypsies". Poemas del río Wang. June 2014.
- "Oral History of Tatar Roma of Bulgaria". Roma: past, present, future. Khristo Ki︠u︡chukov, Elena Marushiakova, Veselin Popov, Gypsy Lore Society. Annual Meeting. Muenchen: Lincom GmbH. 2016. )
- Smirnova-Seslavinskaya, M. V. (November 2016). "ROMA MIGRATION IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND CRIMEA, FORMATION OF THE CRIMEAN ROMA (KRYMY) COMMUNITY". CyberLeninka (in Russian).