Tatars of Romania
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Dobrujan Tatar, Romanian | |
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Religion | |
Islam | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Crimean Tatars, Nogais |
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Tatars of Romania or Dobrujan Tatars
History
Middle Ages
The roots of the Crimean Tatar community in Romania began with the
The Golden Horde began to lose its influence after the wars of 1352–1359 and, at the time, a Tatar warlord Demetrius is noted defending the cities of the Danube Delta. In the 14th and 15th centuries the Ottoman Empire colonized Dobruja with Nogais from Bucak. Between 1593 and 1595 Tatars from Nogai and Bucak were also settled to Dobruja. (Frederick de Jong)
Early modern period
Toward the end of the 16th century, about 30,000 Nogai Tatars from the Budjak were brought to Dobruja.[6]
After the
Late modern period
From 1783 to 1853 tens of thousands of Crimean Tatars and
Tatars together with Albanians served as gendarmes, who were held in high esteem by the Ottomans and received special tax privileges. The Ottoman's additionally accorded a certain degree of autonomy for the Tatars who were allowed governance by their own kaymakam, Khan Mirza. The Giray dynasty (1427 - 1878) multiplied in Dobruja and maintained their respected position. A Dobrujan Tatar, Kara Hussein, was responsible for the destruction of the Janissary corps on orders from Sultan Mahmut II.[citation needed]
From 1877-1878 it is estimated that between 80,000 and 100,000 Crimean Tatars emigrated from Dobruja to
Early 20th century to WWII
A unique Crimean Tatar national identity in Dobruja began to emerge in the last quarter of the 19th century.
In the 1920s Dobruja persisted as the primary destination for refugees escaping the Soviets. The Tatars were relatively free to organize politically and publish journals founded on nationalist ideas. During
Developments Post-WWII
In 1940
Notable people
- Kázím Abdulakim
- internet alias:flaviphone
- Denis Alibec, footballer
- Melek Amet, fashion model
- Nejla Ateş
- Emin Bektóre
- Şahip Bolat Abdurrahim
- Dimitrie Cantemir
- Gelil Eserghep , politician
- Deniz Giafer, footballer
- Edris Fetisleam, tennis player
- Tahsin Gemil
- Yusuf Isa Halim, linguist
- Sîdîyîk Ibrahim H. Mîrzî
- Murat Iusuf, cleric
- Refiyîk Kadír
- Kemal Karpat
- Mehmet Niyazi, writer
- Ahmet Nurmambet
- Kadriye Nurmambet, musical artist
- Aihan Omer, handball player and coach
- Negiat Sali, politician
- Atila Septar, rugby player
- Erdinci Septar, rugby player
- Sevil Shhaideh, politician
- Septar Mehmet Yakub
- Taner Murat
- Ismail H. A. Ziyaeddin
Language
Dobrujan Tatar or Romanian Tatar is the Tatar language of Romania. It includes Crimean Tatar and Nogai dialects,[8][9][10][11][12] but today there are no more longer sharp distinction between this dialects and it's mostly seen as a one language.[13][14] This language belongs to Kipchak Turkic languages, specifically to Kipchak-Nogai and is influenced by Turkish and Romanian.[13][14]
Subgroups
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars were brought to Dobruja by the Ottomans following the increasing power of the Russians in the region and its annexation of Crimea in 1783. However, after the independence of Romania in 1877-1878, between 80,000 and 100,000 Crimean Tatars moved to Anatolia, a migration which continued afterwards. As such, the number of Tatars in Northern Dobruja decreased from 21% in 1880 to 5.6% in 1912. In 2002, they formed 2.4% of the population.
Nogais
The Nogai component of the Tatar population are not separately enumerated in Romanian censuses. Most have emigrated to Turkey but it is estimated that a few thousand Nogais still live in Dobruja, notably in the town of Mihail Kogălniceanu (Karamurat) and villages of Lumina (Kocali), Valea Dacilor (Hendekkarakuyusu) and Cobadin (Kubadin).
Localities with the highest Tatar population percentage
- Constanța County
- Ciocârlia — 11.18%
- Valu lui Traian — 9.81%
- Techirghiol — 9.22%
- Independența — 8.68%
- Comana — 8.37%
- Medgidia — 8.07%
- 23 August — 7.89%
- Mereni — 7.85%
- Topraisar — 6.48%
- Agigea — 6.39%
- Murfatlar — 5.5%
- Cobadin — 4.86%
- Amzacea — 4.71%
- Grădina — 4.47%
- Tuzla — 4.38%
- Eforie — 3.55%
- Castelu — 3.37%
- Mangalia — 3.25%
- Mihail Kogălniceanu — 3.23%
- Ovidiu — 3.01%
- Lumina — 2.98%
- Limanu — 2.85%
- Siliștea — 2.69%
- Constanța — 2.59%
- Albești — 2.39%
- Bărăganu — 1.7%
- Cumpăna — 1.41%
- Pecineaga — 1.41%
See also
- Democratic Union of Turkish-Muslim Tatars of Romania, a political party representing Tatars in Romania
- Islam in Romania
- Dobrujan Tatar
Notes
- ^ Klaus Roth, Asker Kartarı, (2017), Cultures of Crisis in Southeast Europe: Part 2: Crises Related to Natural Disasters, to Spaces and Places, and to Identities (19) (Ethnologia Balkanica), p. 223
- ^ Uyğur, Sinan (2011). Dobruca Tatar Türklerinde abece ve yazım sorunu. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, Yaz 2011, Sayı 30, sayfa: 71-92
- ^ Önal, Mehmet Naci (1997). Dobruca Rüekleri'nin bilmeceleri | 21 Ekim 2012. folklor/edebiyat, 1997, sayı: 10, sayfa: 83-107.
- ^ Önal, Mehmet Naci (2010). Romanya Dobrucası Tatar halkının sözlü edebiyatları 4 Mart 2016. Problemı Filologii Narodov Povolzvya Sbornuk Smameu, Moskova, sayfa: 204-209.
- ^ a b Stănciugel et al., p.44-46
- ^ Stănciugel et al., p.147
- ^ Romanian Tatars' Site
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287996468_Ekstra_Kucuk_Bir_Dil_Olarak_Romanya_Tatar_Turkcesi_As_an_Extra_Small_Language_Romania_Tatar_Turkish
- ^ THE TURKISH LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY THE TURK-TATAR COMMUNITY LIVING IN ROMANIA
- ^ "Общие сведения о татарах Добруджи". Академия наук Республики Татарстан. Archived from the original on 2022-01-19. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
- ^ "Дунайские или румынские татары. Откуда взялись и как живут в настоящее время" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
- ^ "Танер Мурат: Добруджа татарларының ун яшьлек балалары татарча иркен сөйләшә белә" (in Tatar). Tatar-inform. 24 April 2018.
- ^ a b Ismail, Nilghiun. "Romanian Tatar language communication in the multicultural space".
- ^ a b The Sounds of Tatar Spoken in Romania: The Golden Khwarezmian Language of the Nine Noble Nations (Academia.edu)
References
- Robert Stănciugel and Liliana Monica Bălaşa, Dobrogea în Secolele VII-XIX. Evoluţie istorică, Bucharest, 2005
External links
- Website of The Democratic Union of Turkish-Muslim Tatars of Romania
- Website of The Cultural Union of Tatars from Romania
- Website of The Democratic Tatar Union
- Website of The Miras Virtual Museum
- As an Extra Small Language Romanian Tatar Turkish
- Romanian Tatar language communication in the multicultural space
- The Turkish Language Spoken by the Turk-Tatar Community living in Romania
- Implementation of the Tatar Language in the Schools of Romania