Energy in Taiwan
This article needs to be updated.(November 2010) |
In 2022, 79.6% of
Nuclear energy
Taiwan has one active nuclear reactors, the Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant.
Nuclear energy is controversial, and the privatization of the energy market (with Taipower that is owned by the state), originally planned in 2001, was postponed to 2006. In 2012, nuclear power accounted for a total 38,890 GWh of electricity generation in Taiwan.[4] In 2015, nuclear energy provided one quarter of base load power generation and 16% of overall generation in Taiwan.[5]
The
Liquefied natural gas
The annual output of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from exploration and production within Taiwan is 350-400 million m3. While on the other hand, Taiwan imported 18.4 billion m3 of LNG, the fifth largest LNG importer in the world, primarily from Qatar, Malaysia and Indonesia.[9] LNG-fired power plants in Taiwan produce electricity at a cost of NT$3.91/kWh, more than the electricity cost charged to the customers.[10]
The
In January 2013,
As of 2017, the safety stock of LNG imported to Taiwan is seven days.[13] In 2017 Taiwan was the world's fifth largest importer of LNG accounting for 6% of global market share.[14]
Renewable energy
In June 2009, the Legislative Yuan passed a renewable energy act aimed at promoting the use of renewable energy, boosting energy diversification and helping reduce greenhouse gases. The new law authorizes the government to enhance incentives for the development of renewable energy via a variety of methods, including the acquisition mechanism, incentives for demonstration projects, and the loosening of regulatory restrictions in order to increase Taiwan's renewable energy generation capacity by 6.5 gigawatts to 10 gigawatts within 20 years.[15][16]
In July 2009, the
In August 2009, Taiwan's government has announced that it will invest T$45 billion ($1.4 billion) in the island's domestic renewable energy sector in an attempt to help the sector grow nearly eight-fold by 2015 thereby increasing industry production value to T$1.158 trillion in 2015 compared to T$160.3 billion in mid-2009. Proponents hope that "the green energy sector will help Taiwan become a major power in energy technology and production, as well as provide the creation of green jobs."[18]
In May 2016 Economics Minister Lee Shih-guang stated that the government expects renewable energy to account for 20% of electricity generation by 2025, to support the government's ambition to phase out nuclear power generation.[19]
Emissions
Total carbon dioxide emissions nationwide were 277.645 million tonnes in 2006, representing 124.68 percent growth over 1990's 123.574 million tonnes, according to the
Taiwan ranked third in Asia and 32nd worldwide in the 2009 Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) for carbon dioxide emissions, published by Climate Action Network Europe (CAN-Europe) and Germanwatch.[20]
Historical energy consumption
Taiwan produces electricity from fossil fuels, wind, nuclear and hydro power. Taiwan's energy consumption the equivalent of 10.5 million kiloliters of oil, or about 2.2 million barrels a day.
Consumption of petroleum products account for about half of Taiwan's energy supply equivalent of 4.5 million kiloliters of oil. Demand for diesel declined 21 percent, while that for gasoline dropped 8.7 percent. Monthly Power consumption is around 20.9 billion kilowatt-hours.
Energy use in the first six months of the year rose 6.7 percent to the equivalent of 61.6 million kiloliters of oil, the energy bureau said.
Crude oil processing: 4.59 million kiloliters in June.
Coal imports: 5.23 million metric tons
Imports of crude oil: 26.9 million kiloliters
[LNG] purchases: 5.58 billion cubic meters. Purchases of liquefied natural gas increased 13 percent to 1.06 billion cubic meters. LNG accounted for 97 percent of gas supply.
In 2013, coal imports to Taiwan amounted 65.96 million tons, which consists of 58.96 million tons of steam coal and 7.02 million tons of coking coal. The largest coal exporter country to Taiwan is Indonesia (41.64%) and Australia (40.20%).[21]
In 2018, oil accounted for 48.28% of the total energy consumption. Coal comes next with 29.38%, followed by natural gas (indigenous and liquefied) with 15.18%, nuclear energy with 5.38%, biomass and waste with 1.13%, and energy from other renewable sources (plus hydroelectric power) with 0.64%.[22]
In 2020, 45% of Taiwan's electricity generation came from coal, 35.7% from natural gas, 11.2% from nuclear, and 5.4% from renewables.[23]
Energy efficiency
The Taiwan government has been active in promoting energy efficiency, and set a target of energy efficiency of 33% by 2025. This target is higher than Japan's commitment to APEC with the target of 25%-26% efficiency. The government is currently assisting 200 major energy users (companies and organizations) in implementing energy-saving measures.
Taiwan is preparing for the age of high oil prices, and is proactively developing clean energy, such as solar and wind power and biofuels. The efforts would help reduce Taiwan's reliance on imported oil, while contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases.
The government aims for renewable energy to account for 15% of the nation's energy by 2025. It would amount to 8.45 million kilowatts, capable of producing 28.7 billion kilowatt hours of electricity. Wind-generated power could create as much as 8.9 billion kilowatt hours of electricity by 2025, comparable to 2.3 times the capacity of
Under the Energy Management Law and the underlying Implementing Regulations and related measures, companies are encouraged to improve the energy efficiency of their operations and products. Mandatory programs have been established for the purpose of energy conservation, including energy audit and energy efficiency standards for certain electrical and electronic products.
The Energy Commission under the
- supervising general affairs related to energy management to assure the stability of energy supply;
- accelerating the rationalization of energy pricing;
- promoting the effectiveness of energy utilization;
- preventing energy-related environmental pollution; and
- enhancing energy research and development.
The day-to-day work of the Energy Commission involves activities such as the development of policies and regulations, planning and conservation, research and development of technology, and data collection, processing, and publication.
Through the Greenmark program set up by the Fundamentals for Promoting the Use of the Taiwan Ecolabel, a number of energy-using appliances have been granted Ecolabels. For the electronic products, energy efficiency is one of the most important criteria for granting Green Marks. For further details, refer to the section on packaging and labeling. The Statute for Upgrading Industries also provides incentives for the improvement of energy efficiency.
Energy research
The Center for Energy Research (CER) at
- Energy Technology and Management Research Center at National Chiao Tung University
- CER at National Central University [1] Archived 2011-10-08 at the Wayback Machine
- New Energy Research Center at National Taiwan University
Currently there are four nuclear research centers in Taiwan ranging up to 2.8 MW.[5]
Dr. Yuan Tseh Lee[24] is alumni of National Tsing Hua University and actual Taiwanese Nobel Prize scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory using with scientific method and with understanding on laws of thermodynamics looking for energy sources with high net capacity factor as base load power source and low carbon footprint.[25]
Taiwan has to step up its pace in fusion power research if it wishes to develop more sources of "clean" energy according to Dr. Cheng Chio-Zong[26]
See also
- List of power stations in Taiwan
- Taiwan Power Company
- Economy of Taiwan
- Electricity sector in Taiwan
- Nuclear power in Taiwan
- Renewable energy in Taiwan
- Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan)
References
- ^ "歷年發購電量及結構". Taipower. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ "【綠能知識庫】台灣能源情勢懶人包|認識台灣能源政策、能源比例與再生能源現況". PGE Solar.
- ^ "International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov.
- ^ "Taiwan Power Company Sustainability Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-17. Retrieved 2014-05-25.
- ^ a b "Taiwan Nuclear Power". Archived from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "EDITORIAL: Taiwan bows to public opinion in pulling plug on nuclear power". The Asahi Shimbun. 31 October 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
- ^ Satoshi Ukai (23 October 2016). "Taiwan to end nuclear power generation in 2025". The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
- ^ Shellenberger, Michael. "Pro-Nuclear Activists Win Landslide Electoral Victory In Taiwan". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ "Oil expected from Chad as Taiwan strives for energy self-sufficiency - Economics - FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS".
- ^ "Is Renewable Energy the Way Forward for Taiwan? - Taiwan Business TOPICS". 15 September 2015.
- ^ "Kinmen to receive LNG from mainland". Archived from the original on 2014-04-10. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "Kinmen expected to get natural gas supply from China's Fujian - Cross-Strait Affairs - FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS".
- ^ Tsai, Yi-chu; Chen, Cheng-wei; Chang, S.C. (15 August 2017). "Taiwan's power supply system unable to withstand minor errors: expert". Focus Taiwan. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
- ^ Julie Gordon and Henning Gloystein, Jess Macy Yu (2018-08-11). "Cheniere signs 25-year LNG sales deal with Taiwan's CPC". www.reuters.com. Reuters. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ^ "行政院整合服務管理平台".
- ^ "AFP: Taiwan passes major green energy bill". www.google.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "Cabinet plans 'low carbon' Taiwan". 30 July 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "Renewable Energy Magazine, at the heart of clean energy journalism". Archived from the original on 2 February 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "Gov't to end nuclear power in 2025: MOEA". The China Post. 26 May 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
- ^ "Taiwan places third in region in climate report". 30 May 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "Energy Statistical annual Reports - Energy Statistics - Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C." Archived from the original on 19 November 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "Energy Statistical annual Reports". Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs. Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs. 2019-08-01. Archived from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2019-09-10.
- ^ 孫文臨. "2020年用電創歷史新高 水情不佳影響再生能源成績". Environmental Information Center. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986".
- ^ "Hsieh says DPP's policy on nuclear power unchanged - Taipei Times". 20 February 2008.
- ^ "NCKU Nears Step in Nuclear Fusion Power - NCKU, National Cheng Kung University-News Center". Archived from the original on 2016-03-28. Retrieved 2016-03-19.
Further reading
- Renewable energy in Taiwan: Its developing status and strategy. Energy, Volume 32, Issue 9, September 2007, Pages 1634-1646
- Current status and development policies on renewable energy technology research in Taiwan Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2005, Pages 237-253
- Renewable energy perspectives and support mechanisms in Taiwan
- Development of Hydrogen Energy/Fuel Cell in Taiwan[permanent dead link]
- Industrialization and Energy Policy in Taiwan Postwar (I) [in Japanese]
- Promotion strategies for renewable energy in Taiwan Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Volume 12, Issue 6, August 2008, Pages 1681-1691
External links
- Energy Information Network—energy audits, statistics, consumer and other energy-related information-gathering
- Climate Change Taiwan—Mitigating Global Warming: what Taiwan is Doing
- Energy Statistics Taiwan - Energy and Resources - Country Profile Taiwan Energy Facts & Stats
- Taiwan energy profile statistics (EIA)
- Taiwan - Energy Information Administration (2005)
- Taiwan - Energy Information Administration (2008)
- Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs
- 核能研究所(INER)-Institute of Nuclear Energy Research
- Taiwan Nuclear Power - World Nuclear Association
- Taiwan Association of Energy Service Companies
- Taiwan Environment Information Center
- The Center for Energy and Environmental Research
- The hard truths about renewable energy and subsidies
- Environmental Impacts of Wind Power
- “Renewable Energy: Not Cheap, Not ‘Green’” Turns 15
- Is Solar Really Renewable–and Free?
- Integrating Taiwan’s Strengths into Global Climate Action
- The Paris accord and Taiwan’s exclusion
- Taiwan's top scientist critical of 4th nuclear plant.
- Hsieh says DPP's policy on nuclear power unchanged
- Nuclear plants 'lesser evil': scholar
- Lee Teng-hui says nuclear power plants still needed
- NCKU Nears Step in Nuclear Fusion Power
- Taiwan’s Severe Energy Security Challenges