San Bernardino, California
San Bernardino, California | |
---|---|
San Bernardino County Courthouse U.S. Post Office | |
760 | |
FIPS code | 06-65000 |
GNIS feature IDs | 1661375, 2411777 |
Website | sbcity |
San Bernardino (
Furthermore, the city's
San Bernardino was named in 1810, when Spanish priest
History
Indigenous
The city of San Bernardino, California, occupies much of the
Spanish and Mexican era
With the establishment of
Two years later the settlement was destroyed by local tribesmen, following powerful earthquakes that shook the region. Several years later, the
Post-Conquest era
The area was not largely settled until 1851, following the American
The city was officially incorporated in 1857. Later that year, most of the colonists were recalled by Brigham Young in 1857 due to the Utah War. Once highly regarded in early California, news of the Mountain Meadows Massacre poisoned attitudes toward the Mormons. Some Mormons would stay in San Bernardino and some later returned from Utah, but a real estate consortium from El Monte and Los Angeles bought most of the lands of the old rancho and of the departing colonists. They sold these lands to new settlers who came to dominate the culture and politics in the county and San Bernardino became a typical American frontier town. Many of the new land owners disliked the sober Mormons, indulging in drinking at saloons now allowed in the town. Disorder, fighting and violence in the vicinity became common, reaching a climax in the 1859 Ainsworth - Gentry Affair.
In 1860 a gold rush began in the mountains nearby with the discovery of
Near San Bernardino is a naturally formed arrowhead-shaped rock formation on the side of a mountain. It measures 1375 feet by 449 feet. According to the Native American legend regarding the landmark arrowhead, an arrow from Heaven burned the formation onto the mountainside in order to show tribes where they could be healed. During the mid-19th century, "Dr." David Noble Smith claimed that a saint-like being appeared before him and told of a far-off land with exceptional climate and curative waters, marked by a gigantic arrowhead. Smith's search for that unique arrowhead formation began in Texas, and eventually ended at Arrowhead Springs in California in 1857.
By 1889, word of the springs, along with the hotel on the site (and a belief in the effect on general health of the water from the springs) had grown considerably. Hotel guests often raved about the crystal-clear water from the cold springs, which prompted Seth Marshall to set up a bottling operation in the hotel's basement. By 1905, water from the cold springs was being shipped to Los Angeles under the newly created "Arrowhead" trademark.
Indigenous people of the San Bernardino Valley and Mountains were collectively identified by Spanish explorers in the 19th century as
In 1867, the first Chinese immigrants arrived in San Bernardino.
In 1883, California Southern Railroad established a rail link through San Bernardino between Los Angeles and the rest of the country.
Modern era
In 1905, the city of San Bernardino passed its first charter.
Norton Air Force Base was established during World War II. In 1994, Norton Air Force Base closed to become San Bernardino International Airport.
In 1940, Richard and Maurice McDonald founded McDonald's, along with its innovative restaurant concept, in the city.[17]
San Bernardino won the
In 1989, a massive derailment took place along Duffy street at the Muscoy area, killing 4 people and destroying seven homes. Then on May 25, an underground petroleum pipeline ruptured, killing 2 more people and burning down 11 more homes.
In August 2012, San Bernardino filed for
On December 2, 2015, a terrorist attack left 14 people dead and 22 seriously injured.[23]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 59.6 square miles (154 km2), of which 59.2 square miles (153 km2) is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2), or 0.74%, is water.
The city lies in the San Bernardino foothills and the eastern portion of the San Bernardino Valley, roughly 60 miles (97 km) east of Los Angeles. Some major geographical features of the city include the San Bernardino Mountains and the San Bernardino National Forest, in which the city's northernmost neighborhood, Arrowhead Springs, is located; the Cajon Pass adjacent to the northwest border; City Creek, Lytle Creek, San Timoteo Creek, Twin Creek, Warm Creek (as modified through flood control channels) feed the Santa Ana River, which forms part of the city's southern border south of San Bernardino International Airport. The city has several notable hills and mountains; among them are Perris Hill (named after Fred Perris, an early engineer, and the namesake of Perris, California); Kendall Hill (which is near California State University); and Little Mountain, which rises among Shandin Hills (generally bounded by Sierra Way, 30th Street, Kendall Drive, and Interstate 215).
San Bernardino is unique among Southern Californian cities because of its wealth of water, which is mostly contained in underground aquifers.
Seccombe Lake, named after a former mayor, is a
Climate
San Bernardino features a hot-summer
The seasonal
Climate data for San Bernardino, California, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1893–2004 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 94 (34) |
93 (34) |
97 (36) |
103 (39) |
112 (44) |
116 (47) |
116 (47) |
116 (47) |
117 (47) |
111 (44) |
99 (37) |
93 (34) |
117 (47) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 68.4 (20.2) |
69.2 (20.7) |
72.7 (22.6) |
77.8 (25.4) |
83.4 (28.6) |
90.1 (32.3) |
96.2 (35.7) |
97.3 (36.3) |
92.8 (33.8) |
84.0 (28.9) |
74.3 (23.5) |
67.1 (19.5) |
81.1 (27.3) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 55.3 (12.9) |
56.4 (13.6) |
59.2 (15.1) |
63.5 (17.5) |
68.9 (20.5) |
74.3 (23.5) |
79.9 (26.6) |
80.7 (27.1) |
76.8 (24.9) |
69.1 (20.6) |
59.9 (15.5) |
54.1 (12.3) |
66.5 (19.2) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 42.1 (5.6) |
43.6 (6.4) |
45.7 (7.6) |
49.2 (9.6) |
54.3 (12.4) |
58.5 (14.7) |
63.6 (17.6) |
64.2 (17.9) |
60.8 (16.0) |
54.1 (12.3) |
45.5 (7.5) |
41.1 (5.1) |
51.9 (11.1) |
Record low °F (°C) | 16 (−9) |
21 (−6) |
26 (−3) |
26 (−3) |
33 (1) |
37 (3) |
42 (6) |
40 (4) |
36 (2) |
29 (−2) |
24 (−4) |
19 (−7) |
16 (−9) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.15 (80) |
4.06 (103) |
2.53 (64) |
1.02 (26) |
0.25 (6.4) |
0.07 (1.8) |
0.03 (0.76) |
0.13 (3.3) |
0.25 (6.4) |
0.82 (21) |
1.29 (33) |
2.41 (61) |
16.01 (406.66) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.0 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 38.3 |
Source 1: NOAA[25] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: XMACIS2[26] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 1,673 | — | |
1890 | 4,012 | 139.8% | |
1900 | 6,150 | 53.3% | |
1910 | 12,779 | 107.8% | |
1920 | 18,721 | 46.5% | |
1930 | 37,481 | 100.2% | |
1940 | 43,646 | 16.4% | |
1950 | 63,058 | 44.5% | |
1960 | 91,922 | 45.8% | |
1970 | 106,869 | 16.3% | |
1980 | 118,794 | 11.2% | |
1990 | 164,164 | 38.2% | |
2000 | 185,401 | 12.9% | |
2010 | 209,924 | 13.2% | |
2020 | 222,101 | 5.8% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[27] |
2020
The 2020 United States Census reported that the city of San Bernardino had a population of 222,101. The racial makeup of San Bernardino was 53,786 (24.2%) non-Hispanic white, 27,875 (12.6%)
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[30] | Pop 2010[31] | Pop 2020[32] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
53,630 | 39,977 | 28,649 | 28.93% | 19.04% | 12.90% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
29,654 | 29,897 | 26,134 | 15.99% | 14.24% | 11.77% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
1,129 | 867 | 742 | 0.61% | 0.41% | 0.33% |
Asian alone (NH) | 7,594 | 8,027 | 8,734 | 4.10% | 3.82% | 3.93% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 582 | 704 | 754 | 0.31% | 0.34% | 0.34% |
Other race alone (NH) | 288 | 361 | 1,123 | 0.16% | 0.17% | 0.51% |
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 4,502 | 4,097 | 4,840 | 2.43% | 1.95% | 2.18% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 88,022 | 125,994 | 151,125 | 47.48% | 60.02% | 68.04% |
Total | 185,401 | 209,924 | 222,101 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2010
The
The Census reported that 202,599 people (96.5% of the population) lived in households, 3,078 (1.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,247 (2.0%) were institutionalized.
There were 59,283 households, out of which 29,675 (50.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 25,700 (43.4%) were
The population was spread out, with 67,238 people (32.0%) under the age of 18, 26,654 people (12.7%) aged 18 to 24, 56,221 people (26.8%) aged 25 to 44, 43,277 people (20.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 16,534 people (7.9%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.0 males.
There were 65,401 housing units at an average density of 1,096.5 per square mile (423.4/km2), of which 29,838 (50.3%) were owner-occupied, and 29,445 (49.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.5%. 102,650 people (48.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 99,949 people (47.6%) lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States Census, San Bernardino had a median household income of $39,097, with 30.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[34]
Ethnic diversity
Western, central, and parts of eastern San Bernardino are home to mixed-ethnic working class populations, of which the Latino and African-American populations comprise the vast majority of the city. Historically, many Latinos, primarily
According to 2022 American Community Survey, English ancestry is 4.2%, French (except Basque) is 0.9%, German 4.6%, Irish is 3.9% Italian, 2.1% Norwegian, 0.6%Polish, 0.6%Scottish 0.7% and Subsaharan African - 0.8%.[43]
Economy
The city's location close to the
The closing of
- Top employers
Government, retail, and
According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[48] the top employers in the city are:
Employer | # of employees |
---|---|
Stater Bros. | 15,000–25,000 |
County of San Bernardino
|
5,000–14,999 |
San Bernardino City Unified School District | 5,000–14,999 |
Kohl's | 5,000–14,999 |
Barrett Business Services, Inc. | 1,000–4,999 |
San Bernardino Community College District | 1,000–4,999 |
California Department of Transportation | 1,000–4,999 |
Loma Linda University Medical Center | 1,000–4,999 |
City of San Bernardino
|
1,117 |
California State University, San Bernardino | 1,000–4,999 |
Arts and culture
San Bernardino hosts several major annual events, including: Route 66 Rendezvous,
San Bernardino is home to the historic Arrowhead Springs Hotel and Spa, located in the
Museums
The Robert V. Fullerton Museum of Art, located on the campus of California State University, San Bernardino, contains a collection of Egyptian antiquities, ancient pottery from present-day Italy, and funerary art from ancient China. In addition to the extensive antiquities on display, the museum presents contemporary art and changing exhibitions.
The Heritage House holds the collection of the San Bernardino Historic and Pioneer Society, while the San Bernardino County Museum of regional history in Redlands has exhibits relating to the city of San Bernardino as well.
The San Bernardino Railroad and History Museum is located inside the historic Santa Fe Depot. A Route 66 museum is located on the historic site of the original McDonald's restaurant.[53][54]
Specialty museums include the Inland Empire Military Museum,[55] the American Sports Museum, and the adjacent WBC Legends of Boxing Museum.
Performing arts
- The 1928 California Theatre (San Bernardino), California Theater of the Performing Arts in downtown San Bernardino hosts an array of events, including concerts by the San Bernardino Symphony Orchestra, as well as touring Broadway theater productions presented by Theatrical Arts International, the Inland Empire's largest theater company.[56]
- San Manuel Amphitheater, originally Glen Helen Pavilion at the Cajon Pass is the largest amphitheater in the United States.
- National Orange Show FestivalThe National Orange Show Events Center contains: the Orange Pavilion; a stadium; two large clear-span exhibition halls; a clear-span geodesic dome; and several ballrooms.
- Coussoulis Arena in the University District is the largest venue of its type in San Bernardino and Riverside Counties.
- Sturges Center for the Fine Arts, including the 1924 Sturges Auditorium, hosts lectures, concerts, and other theater.[57]
- Children's theater company Junior University presents musical performances at the San Manuel Performing Arts Center at Aquinas High School during the summer and in December.
- The historic 1929 Fox Theater of San Bernardino, located downtown and owned by American Sports University, has recently been restored for new use.
- The Lyric Symphony Orchestra in nearby Loma Linda, California presents concerts in the city and nearby communities.[58]
Sports
The California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) Coyotes compete at the NCAA Division II level in a variety of sports. San Bernardino Valley College competes in the CCCAA and is the only school to offer football at the collegiate level in San Bernardino.
CSUSB used to play their home baseball games at the downtown venue,
San Bernardino has had other professional and semi-pro teams over the years, including the San Bernardino Jazz professional women's volleyball team, the San Bernardino Pride Senior Baseball team, and the San Bernardino Spirit California League Single A baseball team.
The
San Bernardino also hosts the BSR West Super Late Model Series at Orange Show Speedway. The series fields many drivers, including
Inland Empire 66ers
The city hosts the
Parks and recreation
San Bernardino offers several parks and other recreation facilities.
Other notable parks include: the Glen Helen Regional Park, operated by the County of San Bernardino, is located in the northernmost part of the city.
Blair Park is another midsized park near the University District, it is home to a well known skate park and various hiking trails on Shandin Hills, also known as Little Mountain.
In 2017, San Bernardino park opened its newest park, named in honor of local heroes Bryce Hanes and Jon Cole.[62]
Government
The city of San Bernardino is a
The current Mayor of San Bernardino is Helen Tran.[63] The current city council is made up of Theodore Sánchez, Sandra Ibarra, Juan Figueroa, Fred Shorett, Ben Reynoso, Kim Calvin-Johnson and Damon L. Alexander.[64] Bob Holcomb (1922–2010) was the longest-serving mayor of San Bernardino to date, holding the office from 1971 until 1985 and again from 1989 to 1993.[65][66]
In the
In the United States House of Representatives, San Bernardino is in California's 33rd congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of D+12[69] and is represented by Democrat Pete Aguilar.[70]
- Public safety
San Bernardino has long battled high crime rates. According to statistics published by
- Bankruptcy
On July 10, 2012, the City Council of San Bernardino decided to seek protection under Chapter 9, Title 11, United States Code, making it the third California municipality to do so in less than two weeks (after Stockton and the town of Mammoth Lakes), and the second-largest ever. According to state law, the city would normally have to negotiate with creditors first, but, because they declared a fiscal emergency in June, that requirement did not apply.[20][21] The case was filed on August 1.[79]
Foreign consulates
The governments of Guatemala, Mexico, and El Salvador have established consulates in the downtown area of the city.[9]
Education
Most of San Bernardino is within the
Local public high schools include
Colleges and universities
San Bernardino is notably home to
Other higher education in the area includes:
- California University of Science and Medicine
- San Bernardino Valley College
- The Art Institute of California - Inland Empire
- American Sports University
- Inland Empire Job Corps Center
- UEI College
- Summit Career College
Media
San Bernardino is part of the Los Angeles Nielsen area. As such, most its residents receive the same local television and radio stations as residents of Los Angeles.
Historically, San Bernardino has had a number of newspapers. Today, the
Transportation
The city of San Bernardino is a member of the joint-powers authority of
Major local thoroughfares include
Rail
San Bernardino is served by the Metrolink regional rail service. Two lines serve the city: the Inland Empire–Orange County Line and the San Bernardino Line. The San Bernardino Transit Center in the downtown area is where passengers can connect with the sbX Green Line BRT, and regular bus service from MARTA, Omnitrans, and VVTA.[87]
From 1941 to 1947, the city was served by the Pacific Electric Upland–San Bernardino Line.
Airports
San Bernardino International Airport is physically located within the city and provides commercial passenger air service. The airport is the former site of Norton Air Force Base which operated from 1942 – 1994. In 1989, Norton was placed on the Department of Defense closure list and the majority of the closure occurred in 1994, with the last offices finally leaving in 1995.[88][circular reference] Several warehouses have been, and continue to be, built in the vicinity.
The facility, itself, is within the jurisdiction of the Inland Valley Development Agency, a joint powers authority, and the San Bernardino
Notable people
Sister cities
San Bernardino's
See also
- List of largest California cities by population
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595 S. Eucalyptus Ave. Rialto, CA 92376
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- ^ Norton Air Force Base
- )
- ^ "Sister Cities". ci.san-bernardino.ca.us. City of San Bernardino. Archived from the original on June 17, 2022. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
Further reading
- Books
- Edward Leo Lyman, San Bernardino: The Rise and Fall of a California Community, Signature Books, 1996.
- Walter C. Schuiling, San Bernardino County: Land of Contrasts, Windsor Publications, 1984
- Nick Cataldo, Images of America: San Bernardino, California, Arcadia Publishing, 2002
- Articles
- James Fallows (May 2015), What It's Like When Your City Goes Broke. "San Bernardino, California, is poor, has a high unemployment rate, is affected by drought, and is in bankruptcy court. But its real problem is something else."
External links
- Official website
- California Welcome Center in San Bernardino
- City of San Bernardino at the Wayback Machine (archived November 11, 1998)