PlayStation

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This article is about the brand. For the original 1994 console, see PlayStation (console). For other uses, see PlayStation (disambiguation).

PlayStation
Product type
OwnerSony Interactive Entertainment
CountryMinami-Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
IntroducedDecember 3, 1994; 30 years ago (1994-12-03)
MarketsWorldwide
Tagline"Play has no limits."
Websiteplaystation.com

PlayStation[a] is a video gaming brand owned and produced by Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE), a division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. Its flagship products consists of a series of home video game consoles produced under the brand; it also consists of handhelds, online services, magazines, and other forms of media.

The brand began with the

PlayStation Plus, which may also offer non-gaming entertainment services; the PlayStation Network has over 103 million active users monthly as of December 2019.[3]

The series also has a strong line-up of first-party games due to PlayStation Studios, a group of many studios owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment that exclusively developed them for PlayStation consoles. In addition, the series features various budget re-releases of games by Sony with different names for each region; these include the Greatest Hits, Platinum, Essentials, and The Best selection of games. It is also known for the four iconic PlayStation face buttons (Triangle, Cross, X, Square) and has been known for its numerous marketing campaigns, the latest of which being the "Greatness Awaits" and eventually, "Play Has No Limits" commercials in the United States.

History

Origins

PlayStation was the brainchild of Ken Kutaragi, a Sony executive who managed one of the company's hardware engineering divisions and was later dubbed "The Father of the PlayStation".[4][5]

Super NES with a built-in CD-ROM drive[6]

Until 1991, Sony had little direct involvement with the video game industry. The company supplied components for other consoles, such as the sound chip for the

SNES-CD). However, a day after the announcement at CES, Nintendo announced that it would be breaking its partnership with Sony, opting to go with Philips instead but using the same technology.[10] The deal was broken by Nintendo after they were unable to come to an agreement on how revenue would be split between the two companies.[10] The breaking of the partnership infuriated Sony President Norio Ohga, who responded by appointing Kutaragi with the responsibility of developing the PlayStation project to rival Nintendo.[10]

At that time, negotiations were still on-going between Nintendo and Sony, with Nintendo offering Sony a "non-gaming role" regarding their new partnership with Philips. This proposal was swiftly rejected by Kutaragi who was facing increasing criticism over his work with regard to entering the video game industry from within Sony. Negotiations officially ended in May 1992 and in order to decide the fate of the PlayStation project, a meeting was held in June 1992, consisting of Sony President Ohga, PlayStation Head Kutaragi and several senior members of Sony's board. At the meeting, Kutaragi unveiled a proprietary CD-ROM-based system he had been working on which involved playing video games with 3D graphics to the board. Eventually, Sony President Ohga decided to retain the project after being reminded by Kutaragi of the humiliation he suffered from Nintendo. Nevertheless, due to strong opposition from a majority present at the meeting as well as widespread internal opposition to the project by the older generation of Sony executives, Kutaragi and his team had to be shifted from Sony's headquarters to Sony Music, a completely separate financial entity owned by Sony, so as to retain the project and maintain relationships with Philips for the MMCD development project (which helped lead to the creation of the DVD).[10]

Original PlayStation logo introduced in 1994 (left); this version had been primarily marketed until the introduction of a monochrome variant in 2009 (right)

According to SCE's producer Ryoji Akagawa and chairman Shigeo Maruyama, there was uncertainty over whether the console should primarily focus on 2D sprite graphics or 3D polygon graphics. Eventually, after witnessing the success of Sega's Virtua Fighter in Japanese arcades, that Sony realized "the direction of the PlayStation became instantly clear" and 3D polygon graphics became the console's primary focus.[11]

The PlayStation logo was designed by Manabu Sakamoto. He wanted the logo to capture the 3D support of the console, but instead of just adding apparent depth to the letters "P" and "S", he created an optical illusion that suggested the letters in depth of space. Sakamoto also stuck with four bright principal colors, red, yellow, green, and blue, only having to tune the green color for better harmony across the logo. Sakamoto also designed the black and white logo based on the same design, reserved for times where colors could not be used.[12]

Formation of Sony Computer Entertainment

Sony Computer Entertainment logo
(1993–2016)

At

Olaf Olafsson. Olafsson was CEO and president of New York-based Sony Interactive Entertainment[14]
which was the parent company for the 1994-founded Sony Computer Entertainment of America (SCEA).

The PlayStation project, SCEI's first official project, was finally given the green light by Sony executives in 1993 after a few years of development. Also in 1993,

SCE Worldwide Studios, was recruited into SCEI to attract developers and publishers to produce games for their new PlayStation platform.[10]

Computer Gaming World in March 1994 reported a rumor that the "Sony PS-X" would be released in Japan "before the end of this year and will retail for less than $400".[15] After a demonstration of Sony's distribution plan as well as tech demos of its new console to game publishers and developers in a hotel in Tokyo in 1994, numerous developers began to approach PlayStation. Two of whom later became major partners were Electronic Arts in the West and Namco in Japan. One of the factors which attracted developers to the platform was the use of a 3D-capable, CD-ROM-based console which was much cheaper and easier to manufacture for in comparison to Nintendo's rival console, which used cartridge systems. The project eventually hit Japanese stores in December 1994 and gained massive sales due to its lower price point than its competitor, the Sega Saturn. The popularity of the console spread after its release worldwide in North America and Europe.[10]

Home consoles

PlayStation

Main article: PlayStation (console)
Original PlayStation with controller

The original PlayStation, released in Japan on December 3,

fifth generation of video game consoles competing against the Sega Saturn and the Nintendo 64. By December 2003, the PlayStation and PS one had shipped a combined total of 102.49 million units,[16] eventually becoming the first video game console to sell 120 million units.[17]

PS One

Main article: PlayStation models § PS One

Released on July 7,

2000,[18] concurrently with its successor the PlayStation 2, the PS One (stylized as PS one) was a considerably smaller, redesigned version of the original PlayStation video game console.[19] The PS one went on to outsell all other consoles, including its successor, throughout the remainder of the year.[19] It featured two main changes from its predecessor, the first being a cosmetic change to the console and the second being the home menu's graphical user interface
(GUI); a variation of the GUI previously used only on PAL consoles up to that point.

PlayStation 2

Main article: PlayStation 2
Original PlayStation 2 with DualShock 2 controller

Released in

most successful console in the world,[20] having sold over 155 million units as of December 28, 2012.[21] On November 29, 2005, the PS2 became the fastest game console to reach 100 million units shipped, accomplishing the feat within 5 years and 9 months from its launch. This achievement occurred faster than its predecessor, the PlayStation, which took "9 years and 6 months since launch" to reach the same figure.[17] PlayStation 2 shipments in Japan ended on December 28, 2012.[22] The Guardian reported on January 4, 2013, that PS2 production had ended worldwide, but studies showed that many people all around the world still own one even if it is no longer in use. PlayStation 2 has been ranked as the best selling console of all time as of 2015.[23]

Slimline model

Main article: PlayStation 2 models § Slimline case designs

Released in

2008, Sony released yet another revision of the Slimline which had an overhauled internal design incorporating the power supply into the console itself like the original PlayStation 2 resulting in a further reduced total weight of the console.[25]

PlayStation 3

Main article: PlayStation 3
DualShock 3
controller

Released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, the PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a

Blu-ray Disc player and features high-definition resolution. The PS3 was originally offered with either a 20 GB or 60 GB hard drive, but over the years its capacity increased in increments available up to 500 GB. The PlayStation 3 has sold over 80 million consoles worldwide as of November 2013.[26]

Slim model

Like its predecessors, the PlayStation 3 was re-released in

PlayStation 2 slim), like the previous PS3 models, which was located at the back of the console.[27] It was officially released on September 1, 2009, in North America and Europe and on September 3, 2009, in Japan, Australia and New Zealand.[27][31][32]

Super Slim model

In 2012, Sony revealed a new "Super Slim" PlayStation 3. The new console, with a completely redesigned case that has a sliding door covering the disc drive (which has been moved to the top of the console), is 4.3 pounds, almost three pounds lighter than the previous "slim" model. The console comes with either 12 GB flash memory or a 250 GB, 500 GB hard drive. Several bundles which include a Super Slim PS3 and a selection of games are available.

PlayStation 4

Main article: PlayStation 4
Original PlayStation 4 with the DualShock 4 controller

The

Sony Computer Entertainment at a press conference on February 20, 2013. In the meeting, Sony revealed some hardware specifications of the new console.[33][34] It introduced the x86 architecture to the PlayStation series. According to lead system architect, Mark Cerny, development on the PlayStation 4 began as early as 2008.[35] PlayStation Europe CEO Jim Ryan emphasized in 2011 that Sony wanted to avoid launching the next-generation console behind the competition.[36]

Among the new applications and services, Sony introduced the PlayStation App, allowing PS4 owners to turn smartphones and tablets into a

eighth generation of video game consoles, it competes with Microsoft's Xbox One and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch
.

Slim model

PlayStation 4 Slim (officially marketed simply as PlayStation 4 or PS4) was unveiled on September 7, 2016. It is a revision of the original PS4 hardware with a streamlined form factor. The new casing is 40% smaller and carries a rounded body with a matte finish on the top of the console rather than a two-tone finish. The two USB ports on the front have a larger gap between them, and the optical audio port was also removed.[168] It ships with a minor update to the DualShock 4 controller, with the light bar visible through the top of the touchpad and dark matte grey coloured exterior instead of a partially shiny black. The PS4 Slim was released on September 15, 2016, with a 500 GB model at the same price point as the original PS4 model.[169] Its model number is CUH-2000.[170]

Pro model

PlayStation 4 Pro or PS4 Pro for short (originally announced under the codename Neo)[35] was unveiled on September 7, 2016. Its model number is CUH-7000.[170] It is an updated version of the PlayStation 4 with improved hardware, including an upgraded GPU with 4.2 teraflops of processing power, and higher CPU clock. It is designed primarily to enable selected games to be playable at 4K resolution, and improved quality for PlayStation VR. All games are backwards and forward compatible between PS4 and PS4 Pro, but games with optimizations will have improved graphics performance on PS4 Pro. Although capable of streaming 4K video from online sources, PS4 Pro does not support Ultra HD Blu-ray.[171] [172] [173] Additionally the PS4 Pro is the only PS4 model which can remote play at 1080p. The other models are limited to 720p.[174]

PlayStation 5

Main article: PlayStation 5
DualSense
controller

The PlayStation 5 (PS5)[40] was released worldwide on November 12, 2020, and, alongside the Xbox Series X and Series S, released the same month, is part of the ninth generation of video game consoles. The first news of the PS5 came from Mark Cerny in an interview with Wired in April 2019.[41] Sony intended for the PlayStation 5 to be its next-generation console and planned to ship it worldwide by the end of 2020.[42] In early 2019, Sony's financial report for the quarter ending March 31, 2019, affirmed that new next-generation hardware was in development but would ship no earlier than April 2020.[43]

The current specifications were released in October 2019.

7 nanometer process node. The graphics processor is a custom variant of AMD's Navi family using the RDNA microarchitecture, which includes support for hardware acceleration of ray-tracing rendering, enabling real-time ray-traced graphics.[44] The new console ships with a custom SSD storage, as Cerny emphasized the need for fast loading times and higher bandwidth to make games more immersive, as well as to support the required content streaming from disc for 8K resolution.[41] In a second interview with Wired in October 2019, further details of the new hardware were revealed: the console's integrated Blu-ray drive would support 100 GB Blu-ray discs[42] and Ultra HD Blu-ray;[45] while a game installation from a disc is mandatory as to take advantage of the SSD, the user will have some fine-grain control of how much they want to have installed, such as only installing multiplayer components of a game.[42] Sony is developing an improved suspended gameplay state for the PlayStation 5 to consume less energy than the PlayStation 4.[46]

The system's new controller, the

DualSense has adaptive triggers that can change the resistance to the player as necessary, such as changing the resistance during the action of pulling an arrow back in a bow in-game.[42] The controller also has strong haptic feedback through voice coil actuators, which together with an improved controller speaker is intended to give better in-game feedback.[42] USB-C connectivity, together with a higher rated battery are other improvements to the new controller.[42]

The PlayStation 5 features a completely revamped user interface.[40] The PlayStation 5 is backwards-compatible with most PlayStation 4 and PlayStation VR games, with Cerny stating that the transition to the new console is meant to be a soft one.[41][44] In a later interview, Jim Ryan talked of the PlayStation 5 being able to play "99%" of PlayStation 4 games, an estimate derived from a sample size of "thousands".[47]

Slim model

A revised slimmer design for the PS5, similar to past "slim" rereleases, was released in October 2023. Besides the slimmer design, the slim model features 1 TB of internal storage and replaces one of the USB-A ports with USB-C. The base version also removes the internal optical disc drive, replaced by an external drive.[48]

Pro model

The PlayStation 5 Pro was released in November 2024. It features three main upgrades over the base PS5 model: a GPU that was about 45% faster than the base PS5 GPU, the inclusion of an

image upscaling technology called PlayStation Spectral Super Resolution (PSSR), and an increase of internal storage to 2 TB.[49][50] Games are able to take advantage of the improved graphical performance if programmed for it, with about 50 games ready to use this feature at launch.[49]

Comparison

Console PlayStation (PS) PlayStation 2 (PS2) PlayStation 3 (PS3) PlayStation 4 (PS4) PlayStation 5 (PS5)
Image

Top: PS

Bottom: PS One

Top: PS2

Middle: PS2 Slimline (2004)

Bottom: PS2 Slimline (2007)

Top: PS3

Middle: PS3 Slim

Bottom: PS3 Super Slim

Top: PS4

Middle: PS4 Slim

Bottom: PS4 Pro

Top: PS5

Bottom: PS5 Digital Edition

Launch price PS

¥39,800[51]
US$299[52]
£299[53]

PS One

¥15,000[54]
US$99
£79

PS2

¥39,800[51]
US$299[52]
£299[53]

PS2 Slimline

US$149
€149

PS3

¥49,980 (20 GB)[51]
US$499 (20 GB)

US$599 (60 GB)[52]
£425 (60 GB)[55]
€599 (60 GB)[53]

PS3 Slim

¥29,980 (tax included) (120 GB)
US$299 (120 GB)
€299 (120 GB)

PS3 Super Slim

¥24,980 (tax included) (250 GB)
US$269 (250 GB)
€299 (500 GB)

PS4

¥38,980 (500 GB)
US$399 (500 GB)
€399 (500 GB)
£349 (500 GB)

PS4 Slim

US$299 (500 GB)
US$349 (1 TB)
€299 (500 GB)
€349 (1 TB)

PS4 Pro

¥44,980 (1 TB)
US$399 (1 TB)
€399 (1 TB)
£349 (1 TB)

PS5

¥49,980 (825 GB)
US$499,99 (825 GB)
€499,99 (825 GB)
£449,99 (825 GB)

PS5 Digital Edition

¥39,980 (825 GB)
US$399,99 (825 GB)
€399,99 (825 GB)
£359,99 (825 GB)

PS5 Slim
(detachable disc drive included)

¥66,980 (1 TB)[56]
US$499,99 (1 TB)
€550 (1 TB)
£480 (1 TB)

PS5 Slim Digital Edition
(without disc drive in package)

¥58,980 (1 TB)
US$449,99 (1 TB)
€450 (1 TB)
£390 (1 TB)

PS5 Pro
(without disc drive in package)

¥119,980 (2 TB)
US$699,99 (2 TB)
€799,99 (2 TB)
£699,99 (2 TB)

Release date PS

PS One
  • JP: July 7, 2000
  • NA: September 19, 2000
 PS2
  • AU: November 30, 2000

PS2 Slimline
  • EU: October 29, 2004
  • JP: November 3, 2004
  • NA: November 2004
 PS3
  • AU: March 23, 2007

PS3 Slim

PS3 Super Slim
 PS4

PS4 Slim
PS4 Pro

 PS5
PS5 Digital Edition
  • JP: November 12, 2020
  • NA: November 12, 2020
  • EU: November 12, 2020
  • AU: November 19, 2020


PS5 Slim
PS5 Slim Digital Edition

  • JP: November 10, 2023
  • NA: November 10, 2023
  • EU: November 29, 2023

PS5 Pro

  • JP: November 7, 2024
  • NA: November 7, 2024
  • EU: November 7, 2024
Units shipped
 102.49 million
incl. 28.15 million PS one
(as of March 31, 2007)[16] 		155 million
(as of December 28, 2012)[21] 		87.4 million
(as of March 31, 2017)[65] 		117.2 million
(as of March 31, 2022)[66] 		75 million
(as of December 31, 2024)[67]
Best-selling game Gran Turismo; 10.85 million shipped
(as of April 30, 2008)[68] 		Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas; 17.33 million shipped
(as of March 26, 2008)[68] 		Grand Theft Auto V; over 15 million shipped
(as of December 7, 2013) 		Marvel's Spider-Man; over 20 million shipped
(as of November 18, 2020)[69]
Marvel's Spider-Man 2; over 11 million shipped
(as of April 20, 2024)[70]
Media CD-ROM
DVD-ROM
/CD-ROM
BD-ROM, DVD-ROM, CD-ROM, SACD (1st and 2nd Gen Only)[71]
 Blu-ray, DVD
Blu-ray 6x CAV, DVD 8x CAV 		PS5: Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, DVD

PS5 Digital Edition: Digital Content Only

PS5 Slim: Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, DVD via detachable disc drive[72]

PS5 Pro: Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, DVD via detachable disc drive

Included accessories and extras
  • Internal hard drive (20, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 250, 320 or 500 GB, depending on model)
  • Wireless DualShock 3 / Sixaxis Controller
  • Composite AV cable
  • Ethernet cable
  • USB cable
  • Internal hard drive (500 GB/1 TB) (PS4 and PS4 Slim),[73][74] Internal hard drive (1 TB) (PS4 Pro)
  • Wireless DualShock 4 Controller
  • Mono
    Headset
  • Power Cable
  • HDMI Cable
  • USB Cable
  • Internal solid-state drive (825 GB, 1 or 2 TB, depending on model)
  • Wireless DualSense controller
  • Base
  • Power Cable
  • HDMI Cable
  • USB Cable
Accessories (retail)
  • DualSense Wireless controller
  • DualSense Edge Wireless controller
  • DualSense charging station
  • Access controller
  • HD camera
  • Link USB Adapter
  • Pulse 3D Wireless Headset
  • Pulse Elite Wireless Headset
  • Pulse Explore Wireless Earbuds
  • PlayStation VR2
  • PlayStation VR2 Sense Controller Charging Station
  • PlayStation Portal
  • Media Remote
  • Console covers
  • Vertical Stand
  • Disc Drive
CPU R3000A 32bit RISC chip @ 33.7 MHz – Manufactured by
LSI Corporation
 300 MHz MIPS "Emotion Engine"
SPE
)

PS4 and PS4 Slim: 8-Core 1.6 GHz AMD "Jaguar"

PS4 Pro: 8-Core 2.1 GHz AMD "Enhanced Jaguar"

All models: 8-Core variable frequency (3.5 GHz capped) AMD "Zen 2"[75]

GPU 16.47 million colors

Resolution: 256×224 – 640×480 Sprite/BG drawing Adjustable frame buffer No line restriction Unlimited CLUTs (Color Look-Up Tables) 4,000 8×8 pixel sprites with individual scaling and rotation Simultaneous backgrounds (Parallax scrolling) 620,000 polygons/sec

147 MHz "Graphics Synthesizer"; fill rate 2.352 gigapixel/sec; 1.1 gigapixel w. 1 texture(diffuse); 588-megapixel/sec w. 2 textures (2 diffuse maps or 1 diffuse map and 1 other(0 around 74 mill, 1 around 40 mill, 2 around 20 mill); 2 textures per pass

Capable of multi-pass rendering;

Connected to VU1 on CPU (a vector only for visual style coding things with 3.2

GFLOPS
) to deliver enhanced shader graphics and other enhanced graphics

550 MHz RSX "Reality Synthesizer" (based on Nvidia G70 architecture) 192 - 251.2 GFLOPS

PS4 and PS4 Slim: Custom AMD

TFLOPS

PS4 Pro: Custom AMD Radeon, 36 out of 40 Compute Units enabled (2304 out of 2560 shaders enabled) @ 911 MHz[77] 4.19 TFLOPS

PS5 and PS5 Slim: Custom AMD

TFLOPS[75]

PS5 Pro: TBA

Online service — Non-unified service PlayStation Network
PlayStation Store
Internet browser
A/V chat via PlayStation Eye or PS2 EyeToy, voice chat via headset
 PlayStation Network
PlayStation Store
Internet browser
Backward compatibility — PlayStation 20 GB and 60 GB: All PlayStation and PlayStation 2 titles
Original 80 GB: All PS1 titles, most PS2 titles.[78]
All other models (model code CECHGxx and later): Support for PS1 titles only.
 No native backwards compatibility. Cloud based backwards compatibility via
Emulated PlayStation 2 titles
available from the PlayStation Store. 		Most PlayStation 4 and PlayStation VR games
System software Proprietary OS Proprietary OS, Linux
DVD Playback Kit 		XrossMediaBar (XMB)
Orbis OS[80]
 TBA
System software
features 		Audio CD playback
 Audio CD playback

DVD Playback

Operating systems can be installed and run via a hypervisor (feature unavailable with Slim Model[81]
)
Audio CD playback

Audio file playback (ATRAC3, AAC, MP3, WAV, WMA)
Video file playback (MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, H.264-AVC, DivX)

Blu-ray playback
DVD playback

Image editing and slideshows (JPEG, GIF, PNG, TIFF, BMP)
Mouse and keyboard support

Folding@Home
client with visualizations from the RSX

 Blu-ray playback

DVD playback
Audio playback from inserted USB flash drive

Blu-ray playback

Ultra HD Blu-ray playback
DVD playback

Consumer programmability Requires the Net Yaroze kit Yabasic software, Linux for PlayStation 2 Development on console via free Linux platform or PC. — —

Handheld systems

PlayStation Portable

Main article: PlayStation Portable
  • The original PlayStation Portable (PSP-1000)
    The original PlayStation Portable (PSP-1000)
  • PSP-2000
    PSP-2000
  • PSP-3000
    PSP-3000
  • PSP Go (open position)
    PSP Go

    (open position)
  • PSP Street (PSP-E1000)
    PSP Street
    (PSP-E1000)

The

Memory Stick PRO Duo cards.[85] It has a similar control layout to the PS3 with its PlayStation logo button and its Triangle ('Triangle'), Circle ('Circle/O'), Cross ('Cross/X') and Square
('Square') buttons in their white-colored forms.

PSP-2000 and PSP-3000 models

The PSP-2000 (also known as the Slim & Lite in PAL territories) was the first major hardware revision of the PlayStation Portable, released in September

2008
, Sony released a second hardware revision called the PSP-3000 which included several features that were not present in the PSP-2000, such as a built-in microphone and upgraded screen, as well as the ability to output PSP games in interlaced mode.

PSP Go model

Released in October

DualShock 3 via Bluetooth connection.[93]

PSP Street

The PSP Street (also known as the PSP-E1000) is a budget-focused PSP model which, unlike previous PSP models, does not feature

PAL region for an RRP of €99.99.[98]

PlayStation Vita

Main article: PlayStation Vita
The original PlayStation Vita (PCH-1000)
The second generation PS Vita system, PCH-2000

Released in Japan on December 17, 2011, and North America on February 22, 2012,[99] the PlayStation Vita[100] was previously codenamed Next Generation Portable (NGP). It was officially unveiled by Sony on January 27, 2011, at the PlayStation Meeting 2011.[101] The original model of the handheld, the PCH-1000 series features a 5-inch OLED touchscreen,[102] two analog sticks, a rear touchpad, Sixaxis motion sensing and a 4 core ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore processor.

The new PCH-2000 series system is a lighter redesign of the device that was announced at the SCEJA Press Conference in September 2013 prior to the Tokyo Game Show. This model is 20% thinner and 15% lighter compared to the original model, has an additional hour of battery life, an LCD instead of OLED, includes a micro USB Type B port, 1 GB of internal storage memory. It was released in Japan on October 10, 2013, in six colors: white, black, pink, yellow, blue, and olive green, and in North America on May 6, 2014.[103]

The Vita was discontinued in March 2019. SIE president Jim Ryan said that while the Vita was a great device, they have moved away from portable consoles, "clearly it's a business that we're no longer in now".[12]

PlayStation Portal

Main article: PlayStation Portal

In early 2023, Sony announced the development of a new portable system (originally announced under the codename Project Q) that can stream PS5 games from a home console, and on August 23, 2023, it was officially unveiled as PlayStation Portal.[104][105] It released on November 15, 2023 for $199.99.

Controllers

Early PlayStation controllers

Main articles: PlayStation controller, PlayStation Analog Joystick, PlayStation Mouse, and Dual Analog Controller
  • An original PlayStation controller
    An original PlayStation controller
  • PlayStation Analog Joystick
    PlayStation Analog Joystick
  • PlayStation Mouse
    PlayStation Mouse
  • Dual Analog controller
    Dual Analog controller

Released in 1994, the PlayStation control pad was the first controller made for the original PlayStation. It featured a basic design of a D-pad, 4 main select buttons (Green Triangle ('Green Triangle'), Red Circle ('Red Circle/Red O')), Blue Cross ('Blue Cross/Blue X') and Pink Square ('Pink Square'), and start and select buttons on the face. 'Shoulder buttons' are also featured on the top [L1, L2, R1, R2] (named by the side [L=Left, R=Right] and 1 and 2 [top and bottom]). In 1996, Sony released the PlayStation Analog Joystick for use with flight simulation games.[106] The original digital controller was then replaced by the Dual Analog in 1997, which added two analog sticks based on the same potentiometer technology as the Analog Joystick.[107] This controller was then also succeeded by the DualShock controller.

DualShock, Sixaxis and DualSense

Main articles:
DualSense
  • An original DualShock controller
    An original DualShock controller
  • DualShock 2 controller
    DualShock 2 controller
  • Sixaxis controller
    Sixaxis controller
  • DualShock 3 controller
    DualShock 3 controller
  • DualShock 4 controller
    DualShock 4 controller
  • DualSense controller
    DualSense controller
  • DualSense Edge controller
    DualSense Edge controller

Released in 1998, the DualShock controller for the PlayStation succeeded its predecessor, the Dual Analog, and became the longest running series of controllers for the PlayStation brand. In addition to the inputs of the original, digital, controller (

Dual Analog controller, which can also be depressed to activate the L3 and R3 buttons.[108]

The DualShock series consists of four controllers: the DualShock which was the fourth controller released for the PlayStation; the DualShock 2, the only standard controller released for the PlayStation 2, and the DualShock 3, the second and current controller released for the PlayStation 3, and the DualShock 4, which went through a massive redesign and is the default input of the PlayStation 4, and upon release was compatible with the PS3 originally only via USB and eventually with a firmware update, Bluetooth connectivity was enabled. The Sixaxis was the first official controller for the PlayStation 3, and is based on the same design as the DualShock series (but lacking the vibration motors of the DualShock series of controllers).

Like the Dual Analog, the DualShock and DualShock 2 feature an "Analog" button between the analog sticks that toggles the analog sticks on and off (for use with games which support only the digital input of the original controller). On the PlayStation 3 Sixaxis and DualShock 3 controllers, the analog sticks are always enabled. Beginning with the Sixaxis, a 'PlayStation button' (which featured the incorporated PS logo and is similar in function to the Xbox 360 "Guide" button) was included on controllers. The PlayStation button replaces the "Analog" button of the DualShock and DualShock 2 controllers. Pressing the PS button on the PS3 brings up the XMB, while holding it down brings up system options, known as "Quick Menu" on the PS4, (such as quit the game, change controller settings, turn off the system, and turn off the controller).[109]

PlayStation Move

Main article: PlayStation Move
PlayStation Move navigation controller
PlayStation Move controller

PlayStation Move is a motion-sensing

Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). Based on the handheld motion controller wand, PlayStation Move uses the PlayStation Eye webcam to track the wand's position and the inertial sensors in the wand to detect its motion. First revealed on June 2, 2009, PlayStation Move was launched in Q3/Q4 2010. Hardware available at launch included the main PlayStation Move motion controller and an optional PlayStation Move sub-controller.[110]
Although PlayStation Move is implemented on the existing PlayStation 3 console, Sony states that it is treating Move's debut as its own major "platform launch", planning an aggressive marketing campaign to support it. In addition to selling the controllers individually,
DualShock 3 gamepad, PS Eye, and Move motion controller; and bundles of a Move motion controller with select games.[111]

Other hardware

PocketStation

Main article: PocketStation

The PocketStation was a Memory Card

LCD, a speaker, a real-time clock and infrared communication capability. It could also be used as a standard PlayStation memory card by connecting it to a PlayStation memory card slot.[113] It was extremely popular in Japan and Sony originally had plans to release it in the United States but the plan was ultimately scrapped due to various manufacturing and supply-and-demand problems.[115][116]

LCD Screen for PSone

Released in 2000, an optional 5-inch LCD screen (SCPH-131) was released for the PSone (a redesigned version of the original PlayStation), featuring built-in speakers and a headphone jack, as well as featuring an AV input jack. It was later included as a pack-in bundle with the PSone called the "Combo Pack" in 2002.

PSX (2003)

Main article:
PSX (DVR)

Released solely in Japan in

PS2 HDD (for example, Final Fantasy XI) are supported as well.[119] It was the first product released by Sony under the PlayStation brand that did not include a controller with the device itself.[120]

Television sets

Released in 2010, the Sony BRAVIA KDL22PX300 is a 22-inch (56 cm) 720p television which incorporates a PlayStation 2 console, along with 4 HDMI ports.[121]

A 24-inch 1080p PlayStation branded 3D television, officially called the PlayStation 3D Display, was released in late 2011. A feature of this 3D television is SimulView. During multiplayer games, each player will only see their respective screen (in full HD) appear on the television through their respective 3D glasses, instead of seeing a

split screen
(e.g. player 1 will only see player 1's screen displayed through their 3D glasses).

PlayTV

PlayTV is an add-on unit for the

HDTV or DTV receiver, as well as a digital video recorder
(DVR).

Sony Ericsson Xperia Play

Main article: Xperia Play

The Xperia Play is an Android-powered smartphone with a slide-up gamepad resembling the PSP Go developed by

PlayStation Certified
.

Sony Tablets

PlayStation Certified
Android tablets, released in 2011, 2012, and 2013. They offer connectivity with PlayStation 3 controllers and integrate with the PlayStation network using a proprietary application. The following models were released between 2011 and 2013: S, Sony Tablet S, Sony Tablet P, Xperia Tablet S and Xperia Tablet Z.

PlayStation TV

Main article: PlayStation TV

PlayStation TV, known in Asia as PlayStation Vita TV, is a microconsole and a non-portable variant of the PlayStation Vita handheld. It was announced on September 9, 2013, at a Sony Computer Entertainment Japan presentation. Instead of featuring a display screen, the console connects to a television via HDMI. Users can play using a DualShock 3 controller, although due to the difference in features between the controller and the handheld, certain games are not compatible with PS TV, such as those that are dependent on the system's touch-screen, rear touchpad, microphone or camera. The device is said to be compatible with over 100 Vita games, as well as various digital PlayStation Portable, PlayStation and PC Engine titles. The system supports Remote Play compatibility with the PlayStation 4, allowing players to stream games from the PS4 to a separate TV connected to PS TV, and also allows users to stream content from video services such as Hulu and Niconico, as well as access the PlayStation Store. The system was released in Japan on November 14, 2013, in North America on October 14, 2014, and in Europe and Australasia on November 14, 2014.[122]

PlayStation VR

Main article: PlayStation VR

PlayStation VR is a virtual reality device that is produced by

Sony Computer Entertainment. It features a 5.7-inch 1920×1080 resolution OLED display, and operates at 120 Hz which can eliminate blur and produce a smooth image; the device also has a low latency of less than 18ms.[123] Additionally, it produces two sets of images, one being visible on a TV and one for the headset, and includes 3D audio technology so the player can hear from all angles. The PlayStation VR was released in October 2016.[124]

PlayStation Classic

Main article: PlayStation Classic

The PlayStation Classic is a miniature version of the original 1994 Model SCPH-1001 PlayStation console, that comes preloaded with 20 games, and two original style controllers. It was launched on the 24th anniversary of the original console on December 3, 2018.[125]

Games

Main articles:
List of PlayStation Store games

Each console has a variety of games. The

PlayStation Vita card
and digital download from the PlayStation Store.

  • PlayStation games in Japanese store
    PlayStation games in Japanese store
  • PlayStation store in Taiwan
    PlayStation store in Taiwan
  • PlayStation store in China
    PlayStation store in China

First party games

Main article: PlayStation Studios
PlayStation Studios logo

Spider-Man
.

Re-releases

Main articles:
PS one Classics, Classics HD, and PlayStation Mobile

Greatest Hits (North America), Platinum Range (PAL territories) and The Best (Japan and Asia) are

PlayStation Certified Android devices as well as the PlayStation Vita
.

PlayStation Indies

Sony has generally supported

indie game development since incorporating the digital distribution storefront in the PlayStation 3, though initially required developers to complete multiple steps to get an indie game certified on the platform. Sony improved and simplified the process in transitioning to the PlayStation 4.[130]

As Sony prepared to transition from the PlayStation 4 to PlayStation 5, they introduced a new PlayStation Indies program led by Shuhei Yoshida in July 2020. The program's goals are to spotlight new and upcoming indie titles for the PlayStation 4 and 5, focusing on those that are more innovative and novel, akin to past titles such as PaRappa the Rapper, Katamari Damacy, LittleBigPlanet, and Journey. Sony also anticipates bringing more indie titles to the PlayStation Now series as part of this program.[131]

Online services

PlayStation 2 online service

Main article: PlayStation 2 online functionality

Online gaming on PlayStation consoles first started in July 2001 with the release of PlayStation 2's unnamed online service in Japan. Later in August 2002 saw its release in North America, followed by the European release in June 2003. This service was shut down on March 31, 2016.

PlayStation Network

Main article: PlayStation Network

Released in 2006, the PlayStation Network is an online service

Trophies
.

PlayStation Store

Main article: PlayStation Store

The PlayStation Store is an online virtual market available to users of the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5 and

trailers. The service is accessible through an icon on the XMB on the PS3 and PSP. The PS3 store can also be accessed on the PSP via a Remote Play connection to the PS3. The PSP store is also available via the PC application, Media Go. As of September 24, 2009, there have been more than 600 million downloads from the PlayStation Store worldwide.[134]

Video content such as films and television shows are also available from the PlayStation Store on the PlayStation 3 and PSP and will be made available on some new Sony BRAVIA televisions, VAIO laptop computers and Sony Blu-ray Disc players from February 2010.[135]

Life with PlayStation

Main article: Life with PlayStation

Life with PlayStation was a

World Heritage channel which offered information about historical sites, and the United Village channel which is a project designed to share information about communities and cultures worldwide.[138][139]
As of PlayStation 3 system software update version 4.30 on October 24, 2012, the Life With PlayStation project has ended.

PlayStation Plus

Main article: PlayStation Plus

PlayStation Plus, a subscription-based service on the

betas, game demos, premium downloadable content (such as full game trials of retail games like Infamous, and LittleBigPlanet) and other PlayStation Store items, as well as a free subscription to Qore. Other downloadable items include PlayStation Store discounts and free PlayStation Network games, PS one Classics, PlayStation Minis, themes and avatars.[141]
It offers a 14-day free trial.

PlayStation Blog

PlayStation Blog (stylized as PlayStation.Blog) is an online PlayStation-focused gaming

Sony Computer Entertainment Europe launched a European sub-outlet, PlayStation Blog Europe, on May 28, 2009, to replace the "semi-official" site Three Speech that shut down on April 17.[148][149] This branch was merged into the main outlet on June 1, 2020.[150]

PlayStation App

Main article: PlayStation App

The PlayStation App is an application that was released on January 11, 2011, in several European countries for

iOS (version 4 and above) and for Android (version 1.6 and above),[151] and has been installed more than 3.6 million times as of March 2, 2014.[152] It allows users to view their trophies, see which of their PSN friends are online and read up to date information about PlayStation.[151] It does not feature any gaming functionality.[151]

PlayStation Mobile

Main article: PlayStation Mobile

The PlayStation Mobile (formerly PlayStation Suite) is a software framework that will be used to provide downloadable PlayStation content to devices running

PlayStation Certified certification.[153]

PlayStation Now

Main article: PlayStation Now

PlayStation Now (PS Now) was a Gaikai-based video game streaming service used to provide PlayStation gaming content to

PlayStation Plus in May and June 2022, and is no longer available as a standalone subscription.[156]

Online social networking services

PlayStation Home

Main article: PlayStation Home

PlayStation Home is a community-based social gaming networking service for the PlayStation 3 on the

Alternate Reality Game that took place in secret areas in Home and was created by nDreams.[160][161]

Room for PlayStation Portable

Main article: Room for PlayStation Portable

"Room" (officially spelled as R∞M with capital letters and the infinity symbol in place of the "oo") was being beta tested in Japan from October 2009 to April 2010. Development of Room has been halted on April 15, 2010, due to negative feedback from the community.[162] Announced at TGS 2009, it was supposed to be a similar service to the PlayStation Home and was being developed for the PSP.[163] Launching directly from the PlayStation Network section of the XMB was also to be enabled. Just like in Home, PSP owners would have been able to invite other PSP owners into their rooms to "enjoy real time communication."[164] A closed beta test had begun in Q4 2009 in Japan.[165]

Others

In 2015, Sony launched PlayStation Gear, an online merchandise and apparel store.[166] Jason Schreier of Bloomberg News reported in December 2021 that Sony was working to create a new subscription service, code-named Spartacus, intended as a competitor to the Xbox Game Pass service by Microsoft, with plans to release in the second quarter of 2022. The multi-tiered service would incorporate PlayStation Plus, PlayStation Now, and additional features, such as the most-expensive tier that would give players access to PlayStation 1, 2, and 3 games.[167]

Software

See also: PlayStation 3 system software and PlayStation Portable system software

XrossMediaBar

Main article: XrossMediaBar

The XrossMediaBar, originally used on the

cursor. These icons are used as categories to organize the options available to the user. When an icon is selected on the horizontal bar, several more appear vertically, above and below it (selectable by the up and down directions on a directional pad).[168] The XMB can also be accessed in-game albeit with restrictions, it allows players to access certain areas of the XMB menu from within the game and is only available for the PlayStation 3.[169] Although the capacity to play users' own music in-game was added with this update, the feature is dependent on game developers who must either enable the feature in their games or update existing games.[170]

LiveArea

Main article:
LiveArea

LiveArea, designed to be used on the PlayStation Vita, is a graphical user interface set to incorporate various social networking features via the PlayStation Network. It has been designed specifically as a touchscreen user interface for users.[171]

Linux operating systems

Linux for PlayStation 2

Main article: Linux for PlayStation 2

In 2002, Sony released the first useful and fully functioning

computer system running Linux. Users can utilize a network adapter to connect the PlayStation 2 to the internet, a monitor cable adaptor to connect the PlayStation 2 to computer monitors as well as a USB Keyboard and Mouse which can be used to control Linux on the PlayStation 2.[172][173]

Linux for PlayStation 3

Main article: OtherOS

The PlayStation 3 (excluding PlayStation 3 Slim) also supports running Linux OS on firmware versions prior to 3.21 without the need for buying additional hardware purchase.

RSX. The feature to install a second operating system on a PlayStation 3 was removed in a firmware update released in 2010.[174]

Media

Magazines

The PlayStation brand has a wide series of magazines, from across different continents, covering PlayStation related articles and stories. Many of these magazines work closely with Sony and thus often come with demo discs for PlayStation games. Currently there are three magazines still in circulation namely

Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine.[citation needed
]

PlayStation Underground

Main article: PlayStation Underground

PlayStation Underground was a non-traditional magazine that

Sony Computer Entertainment America produced and published between Spring 1997 to Spring 2001. Subscribers received two PlayStation CDs, along with a booklet and colorful packaging every quarter.[180] The CDs contained interviews, cheats, programmers moves, game demos and one-of-a-kind Memory Card saves. Several issues showed how a game was created from basic design to final product. Since the CDs could only be run on a PlayStation, it proved a useful marketing tool which spawned a line of PlayStation Underground JamPacks Demo CDs and which contained highlights from recent issues of PlayStation Underground, along with seemingly as many game demos that could be packed on a single CD. Unlike PlayStation Underground these were available in most stores for $4.95, were published twice a year in Summer and Winter and usually spotlighted newly released or coming soon games. By 2001, Sony had decided to phase out Underground to focus on the JamPacks with the release of the PlayStation 2. PlayStation Underground CDs are mainly in the hands of collectors these days.[181]

Marketing

Electronic Entertainment Expo
2003
PlayStation booth at the Tokyo Game Show 2009
PlayStation banner at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012
Playstation-themed livery at the Boeing 737

Slogans

Advertising slogans used for each PlayStation console iteration:

PlayStation
  • "eNoS Lives" (The first letter 'E' was printed in red to denote the word, ready. Enos stood for Ready, Ninth of September)[10] (US Commercials)
  • "U R Not e" (The letter 'E' was printed in red to denote the word, ready, as in You Are Not Ready)[10]
  • "Do Not Underestimate The Power of PlayStation." (From the S.A.P.S. – Society Against PlayStation — series of adverts)[182]
PS one
  • "Wherever, Whenever, Forever."[183]
PlayStation 2
  • "The Beginning."[184]
  • "Live In Yur Wrld, Ply In urs." (The PlayStation face button icons were used to denote certain letters: Live In Your World, Play In Ours)[184]
  • "(Welcome to the) Third Place."[184]
  • "Fun, Anyone?"[184]
  • "The ultimate just got better – PlayStation 9 – teleport yours today."[184]
PlayStation Portable
  • "PSP Hellz Yeah" (PSP-1000 Series)
  • "Dude, Get Your Own..." (PSP-2000 Series)[185]
  • "Everywhere Just Got Better" (PSP-3000 Series and PSPgo)[186]
  • "It's GO Time" (PSPgo)[187]
  • "Your Whole World In Your Hands" (UK & Europe Territories)[188]
  • "Step Your Game Up" (US Territory, PSP-3000 Series and PSPgo)[189]
PlayStation 3
  • "The Wait Is Over"
  • "Welcome Chang3" (the number three is used to denote an 'e' and was printed in red)[190]
  • "This is Living."[191]
  • "Play B3yond" (the number three is used to denote an 'e' and was printed in red)[184]
  • "It Only Does Everything" (US Commercials) (PS3 Slim)[192]
  • "The Game Is Just The Start. Start PS3." (EU countries)[193]
  • "Long Live Play" (PS3 Slim)
  • "Never Stop Playing" (PS3 Slim)
  • "Greatness Awaits" (PS3 SuperSlim)
PlayStation Move
  • "This Changes Everything"[194]
  • "Move Into The Action"[195]
PlayStation Network
  • "Download, Play, Connect."
PlayStation Vita
  • "Never Stop Playing."
  • "The World is in Play." (EU only)
PlayStation 4
  • "See the Future"
  • "Push the boundaries of Play"[196]
  • "Greatness Awaits"[197]
  • "This is 4 the Players"
  • "Where the Greatest Play"[198]
PlayStation 5
  • "Play Has No Limits"[199]

Notable advertising campaigns

It Only Does Everything

Main article: Kevin Butler (character)

The most notable of recent PlayStation commercials is the series of "It Only Does Everything" commercials featuring a fictional character called Kevin Butler who is a Vice President at PlayStation. These commercials usually advertise the PlayStation 3 and its games through a series of comedic answers to "Dear PlayStation" queries.

419 scams originating in Nigeria. Sony issued an apology and a new version of the advert with the offending line changed was produced.[200]

A spin-off of the campaign has been created for the PlayStation Portable which features similar campaign commercials called the "Step Your Game Up" campaign featuring a fictional teenage character named Marcus Rivers acting in a similar fashion to Kevin Butler but answering the "Dear PlayStation" queries about the PSP.[189]

Netherlands Ceramic White PSP Commercials

In July 2006, an advertising campaign in the Netherlands was released in which a white model dressed entirely in white and a black model dressed entirely in black was used to compare Sony's new Ceramic White PSP and the original Piano Black PSP. This series of ads depicted both models fighting with each other[201] and drew criticism from the media for being racist, though Sony maintains that the ad did not feature any racist message.[202]

All I want for Xmas is a PSP

In November 2006, a marketing company employed by Sony's American division created a website entitled "All I want for Xmas is a PSP", designed to promote the

virally. The site contained a blog which was purportedly written by "Charlie", a teenage boy attempting to get his friend Jeremy's parents to buy him a PSP, and providing a "music video" of either Charlie or Jeremy "rapping" about the PSP. Visitors to the website quickly recognized that the domain name was registered to a marketing company, exposing the campaign on sites such as YouTube and digg. Sony was forced to admit that the site was in fact a marketing campaign and in an interview with next-gen.biz, Sony admitted that the idea was "poorly executed".[203]

Sponsorship

Between 1999 and 2007 and 2009 to 2010, PlayStation was the main kit sponsor of French Ligue 1 club AJ Auxerre and Olympique Lyonnais, respectively.

Between 2016 and 2022, PlayStation was the sponsor of the Fiesta Bowl.[204]

Reception

In 2005, Australian newspaper The Age wrote an article about the PlayStation brand. Among the numerous interviews conducted with various people in the industry was an interview with Jeffrey Brand, associate professor in communication and media at Bond University who said, "PlayStation re-ignited our imagination with video games". Game designers Yoshiki Okamoto called the brand "revolutionary — PlayStation has changed gaming, distribution, sales, image and more", while Evan Wells of Naughty Dog said "PlayStation is responsible for making playing games cool."[205]

In 2009,

ViTrue, Inc. listed the PlayStation brand as number 13 on their "The Vitrue 100: Top Social Brands of 2009". The ranking was based on various aspects mainly dealing with popular social media sites in aspects such as Social Networking, Video Sharing, Photo Sharing and Blogs.[206]

In 2010, Gizmodo stated that the PlayStation brand was one of the last Sony products to completely stand apart from its competitors, stating that "If you ask the average person on the street what their favorite Sony product is, more often than not you'll hear PlayStation".[207] As of April 2012, the PlayStation brand is the "most followed" brand on social networking site, Facebook, with over 22 million fans and followers in total which is more than any other brand in the entertainment industry. A study by Greenlight's Entertainment Retail has also shown that the PlayStation brand is the most interactive making 634 posts and tweets on social networking sites Facebook and Twitter.[208]

In July 2014, Sony boasted in a company release video that the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita sold a combined total of 100 million units.[209] It was announced at Tokyo Game Show on September 1, 2014, that PlayStation home game consoles claim 78% market share of all home consoles in Japan.[210]

As of 2015, PlayStation is the strongest selling console brand worldwide.[211]

Notes

  1. ^ Japanese: プレイステーション, Hepburn: Pureisutēshon, officially abbreviated as PS

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