Semisulcospira libertina
Semisulcospira libertina Temporal range:
| |
---|---|
S. libertina partially covered by detritus, but showing its basal cords, an important identifying feature | |
Drawing of an apertural view of an S. libertina shell | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
Family: | Semisulcospiridae |
Genus: | Semisulcospira |
Species: | S. libertina
|
Binomial name | |
Semisulcospira libertina | |
Distribution map of Semisulcospira libertina | |
Synonyms[4] | |
Melania libertina Gould, 1859 |
Semisulcospira libertina is a
and others.Taxonomy
The type specimens were collected by American scientist
Kuroda (1963)[5] and Habe (1965)[6] considered S libertina a synonym of Semisulcospira bensoni.[7]
The "S. libertina species complex" consist of three species: S. libertina, S. reiniana and S. kurodai, according to Davis (1969).[7] Placement of S. kurodai within this species complex was confirmed by Oniwa and Kimura in 1986.[8]
Distribution
This species occurs in:
- South Korea: continental South Korea and Jeju Island.[9]
- Central China: Hubei, East China: Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and South China: Guangdong.[2]
- Taiwan[2][10]
- widespread in Japan[2][11] It is the most common freshwater snail in Japan.[12]
- This species was also reported from the Philippines.[13]
The
Miura et al. (2013)[12] studied mitochondrial haplotypes of Semisulcospira libertina from Korea and from Japan. Mixed haplotypes in Korea suggest long-distance palaeo-migration across the Korea Strait from Japan to Korea.[12]
Shells of Semisulcospira libertina were also found in the Nojiri-ko Formation at the Lake Nojiri in Central Japan from the age of 27,000 years BP.[1]
Description
The shell has 4–6 whorls, while the apex of the shell is usually eroded.[7] The spire is long.[14] The aperture is continuous and the apertural lip is simple.[14] Umbilicus is closed.[14] The shell of Semisulcospira libertina is very variable.[7][15] There are seven or more (up to 12) basal cords (spiral sculptures at the base of the body whorl).[7] There are sometimes transverse ribs present on the shell sculpture: 12–18 ribs per penultimate whorl.[7] Periostracum is smooth.[14] The color of the shell is usually light yellow, but it can be light brown very rarely.[7] The spire is darker yellowish-brown.[7] Number of shells is banded with purple brown spiral bands, either with one band, two bands, or three bands.[7]
The average width of the shell of Semisulcospira libertina is 11.0 millimetres (0.43 in) – 13.0 millimetres (0.51 in).[7] The average height of the shell is 26.0 millimetres (1.02 in) – 28.6 millimetres (1.13 in) in Japan.[7]
In Korea, the average width of the shell of Semisulcospira libertina is 12.55–19.37 mm.[16] The average height of the shell is 6.44–9.20 mm.[16] The average total wet weight is 0.24–0.86 g.[16] The average weight of the shell is 0.16–0.62 g.[16] The average weight of the meat is 0.09–0.39 g.[16]
The
Mineral composition of the shell of this species is as follows: 52.9% CaO, 0.77% SiO2, 0.36% Na2O, 0.06% Al2O3, 0.05% Fe2O3, 0.01% MgO and 0.01% P2O5.[18] There is 45.44% of citrulline of free amino acids (amino acids in blood).[19]
Nelson Annandale depicted the operculum and radula of this species in 1924.[20] Ko et al. (2001)[21] described the radula of this species in detail. The shape of the operculum is ovate and the profile of the shape of the operculum is flat.[14] Coiling of the operculum is paucispiral.[14] Nucleus of the operculum is eccentric.[14]
Cephalic tentacles are short (approximately the same size as the length of the snout).[14]
The reproductive system in a male has the following parts: testis, vas deferens, the spermatophore organ.[22] There is no penis.[22] The reproductive system in a female has the following parts: ovary, the pallial oviduct, the spermatophore bursa, the seminal receptacle and the brood pouch.[22][23]
The diploid
-
Drawing of an apertural view of a shell of Semisulcospira libertina.
-
Drawing of a lateral view of a shell of Semisulcospira libertina.
-
Drawing of an operculum of Semisulcospira libertina.
-
Drawing of radular teeth of Semisulcospira libertina
Ecology
Habitat
Habitats of Semisulcospira libertina include pools, slow flowing rivers, drainage ditches, rice paddies,[7] streams.[20] Kim (1970) studied the habitat of Semisulcospira libertina in Korea.[26] The water temperature is 1.3–22.5 °C.[16]
The pollution tolerance value is 3 (on scale 0–10; 0 is the best water quality, 10 is the worst water quality).[10]
High concentration of cadmium may affect behavior of this species.[27]
Feeding habits
Semisulcospira libertina is
There are 0.032 mg/g of
Life cycle
Semisulcospira libertina is
The female has over 80 small embryos in its brood pouch.[7] Average number of embryos is 58–124 embryos in July.[16] Average number of embryos is 222–570 embryos in November.[16] A single female will usually gave birth to about 607–858 during one year.[33] Recorded maximum was 1535 newborn snails in one year.[33]
Female gave birth to newborn snails in temperature from 12 °C to 24 °C.[33] Birth of snails occur mainly in two periods: in March–May and in September–October.[16] Newborn snails have a width of the shell 0.60–0.99 mm (maximum 1.22 mm).[33] The height of a shell of a newborn snail is up to 1.73 mm.[33] The shell of newborn snails has 2.0–3.5 whorls.[33] The life span is about 2 years.[34]
Parasites
Parasites of Semisulcospira libertina include the following flukes. Some of them are medically important:
- intermediate host for Clonorchis sinensis in China.[4]
- Paragonimidae: Semisulcospira libertina serves as the first intermediate host for Paragonimus westermani.[2]
- Heterophyidae: Semisulcospira libertina serves as the first intermediate host for Metagonimus miyatai[35][36] and Metagonimus yokogawai.[36]
- Heterophyidae: Semisulcospira libertina serves as the first intermediate host for Centrocestus armatus[37] and Centrocestus formosanus.[38]
- Philophthalmidae: Cercariae of Philophthalmus sp. were found in Semisulcospira libertina in Japan.[39]
- Liolope copulans.[40]
- Derogenidae: Cercariae of Genarchopsis goppo were found in Semisulcospira libertina in Japan.[41]
- Lecithodendriidae: Semisulcospira libertina serves as the first intermediate host for Acanthatrium hitaensis.[42]
Shinagawa et al. (2001) studied the metabolism and activity of Semisulcospira libertina infected by trematodes.[43]
Bacteria Neorickettsia risticii was detected in cercaria from Semisulcospira libertina in Korea.[44]
Predators
Predators of Semisulcospira libertina include
Human use
Culinary
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
---|---|
Saturated | 28.7% of fat |
Monounsaturated | 35.5% of fat |
Polyunsaturated | 35.8% of fat |
% of amino acids / % of free amino acids | |
Tryptophan | / 0.22% |
Threonine | 5.4% / 1.87% |
Isoleucine | 4.6% / 0.06% |
Leucine | 8.6% / 6.96% |
Lysine | 6.9% / 2.87% |
Methionine | 2.1% / 0.25% |
Cystine | 1.2% / 1.92% |
Phenylalanine | 4.4% / 0.0% |
Tyrosine | 3.0% / 0.96% |
Valine | 5.4% / 0.68 % |
Arginine | 7.0% / 0.82% |
Histidine | 2.4% / 0.35% |
Alanine | 6.9% / 9.39% |
Aspartic acid | 11.1% / 0.0% |
Glutamic acid | 14.9% / 0.06% |
Glycine | 6.6% / 2.77% |
Proline | 5.1% / 0.52% |
Serine | 4.4% / 0.09% |
beta-Carotene | 249% 2240 μg13% 1440 μg800[30] μg |
Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
Calcium | 15% 194.5 mg |
Iron | 6% 1.1 mg |
Phosphorus | 1% 16.4 mg |
Other constituents | Quantity |
Water | 81.0 g |
Crude fat | 1.2 g |
Crude protein | 11.9 g |
Crude ash | 1.9 g |
Chlorophyll | 170 mg[19] |
For 100 g of meat there would be need ~250–1000 snails. | |
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[47] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[48] |
Japan
This species is used in Japanese cuisine.
-
Japanese food with Semisulcospira libertina
Korea
In Korean cuisine, daseulgi-guk (다슬기국) is a type of guk (soup) made with Semisulcospira libertina.
Medicinal
Korea
This species is used as medicinal species in
The non-intentional exposure to shell powder from this species caused the first reported silicosis of such origin in 2012.[18]
References
- ^ a b (in Japanese) Matsuoka K. & 野尻湖貝類グループ (1982) (Fossil Mollusc Research Group for Noiiri-ko Excavation). "野尻湖層産カワニナ胎児殼化石について : 現生カワニナとの比較研究 "On the fossil embryonic shell of Semisulcospira libertina (GOULD) (Mesogastropoda: Pleuroceridae) from the latest Pleistocene Nojiri-ko Formation, Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan: A comparative study of recent and fossil Semisulcospira". 地球科學 Chikyu kagaku [Earth science] 36(4), 175–184. CiNii.
- ^ a b c d e f Madhyastha A. (2014). "Semisulcospira libertina". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version e.T166281A1127046. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 10 November 2015.
- ^ Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 40-45. page 42.
- ^ a b World Health Organization (1995). Control of Foodborne Trematode Infection. WHO Technical Report Series. 849. PDF part 1, PDF part 2. page 125.
- ^ (in Japanese) Kuroda T. (1963). A catalogue of the non-marine mollusks of Japan including the Okinawa and Ogasawara Islands. Malacological Society of Japan, Tokyo, 71 pp.
- ^ Habe T. (1965). Gastropoda, in the New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan. Hokuryu-Kan Pub. Co., Tokyo, 14-208 pp.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Davis G. M. (1969). "A taxonomic study of some species of Semisulcospira in Japan (Mesogastropoda: Pleuroceridae)". Malacologia 7: 211-294.
- .
- ^ Noseworthy, R. G.; Lim, N.-R.; Choi, K.-S. (2007). "A Catalogue of the Mollusks of Jeju Island, South Korea". Korean Journal of Malacology. 23 (1): 65–104.
- ^ PMID 25026081.
- .
- ^ .
- PMID 7100903.
- ^ .
- Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London. 40 (1): 5–32.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j (in Korean) Chang Y. J., Chang H. J. & Kim J. J. (2001). "Relative Growth of the Melanin Snail, Semisulcospira libertina libertina and Monthly Composition of Larval Stages in its Brood Pouch". Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 34(2): 131–136. abstract with PDF link.
- .
- ^ PMID 22219621.
- ^ .
- ^ Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London. 16 (1): 27–49.
- ^ (in Korean) Ko J.-H., Lee J.-S. & Kwon O. K. (2001). "한국산 다슬기 과 7 종의 치설 연구. Study on radulae of seven species of the Family Pleuroceridae in Korea". The Korean Journal of Malacology 17: 105–115. abstract.
- ^ a b c Nakano D. & Nishiwaki S. (1989). "Anatomical and histological studies on the reproductive system of Semisulcospira libertina (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae)". Venus 48(4): 263–273. CiNii.
- ^ Prozorova, L. A.; Rasshepkina, A. V. (2005). "On the reproductive anatomy of Semisulcospira (Cerithioidea: Pleuroceridae: Semisulcospirinae)" (PDF). The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society. 9: 123–126.
- PMID 10188377.
- ^ S2CID 207546279.
- PMID 12913626.
- ^ (in Japanese) Kang I. J., Nakamura A., Moroishi J., Ishibashi K., Fukuda S., Shimasaki Y. & OSHIMA Y. (1989). "重金属暴露による淡水巻貝カワニナ(Semisulcospira libertina)の行動への影響. Effects of Heavy Metal Compounds on Behavior of Freshwater Snail (Semisulcospira libertina)". Science bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University (九州大学大学院農学研究院学芸雑誌) 64(2), 119–123. CiNii. PDF (Japanese with English summary)
- ^ (in Japanese) Ohara T. & Tomiiyama K. (2000). "Niche segregation of coexisting two freshwater snail species, Semisulcospira libertina (Gould) (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae) and Clithon retropictus (Martens) (Prosobranchia: Neritidae)". Venus 59(2): 135–147. CiNii.
- ^ .
- ^ PMID 22277890.
- ^ a b c Nakano D. (1990). "A method of embryo culture and an outline of development of the ovoviviparous freshwater snail Semisulcospira libertina (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae)". Venus 49: 107–119. CiNii.
- ^ Nakano D. & Izawa K. (1996). "Reproductive biology of Semisulcospira libertina (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae) in Iga basin, Mie Prefecture". Venus 55(3): 235–241. CiNii.
- ^ a b c d e f (in Japanese) Takami A. (1991). "カワニナ属 3 種の産仔頻度, 産仔数と新生貝の大きさ [The Birth Frequency, Number and Size of Newborns in the Three Species of the Genus Semisulcospira (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae)]". Venus 50(3): 218–232. CiNii.
- ^ (in Japanese) Torigoe K. & Saiga Y. (2002). "広島県東広島市小田山川のカワニナ殻径頻度分布 The frequency distribution of the shell diametere of Semisulcospira libertina (Gould, 1859) living in the Kodasan-river in Higashihiroshima-shi, Hiroshima Prefecture". Bulletin of the Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University. Part. II, Arts and science education 50: 11-15. PDF.
- PMID 12243781.
- ^ PMID 19885337.
- S2CID 34540040.
- PMID 12902649.
- PMID 15710551.
- PMID 21345377.
- S2CID 22451751.
- .
- PMID 11463101.
- S2CID 24958116.
- S2CID 1460826.
- .
- ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- )
- ^ PMID 25202330.
- PMID 24089622.
Further reading
- Chang, Y. J.; Chang, H. J.; Min, B. H.; Bang, I. C. (2000). "Reproductive cycle of the melania snail, Semisulcospira libertina libertina". Development and Reproduction (in Korean). 4 (2): 175–180.
- Itagaki, H (1960). "Anatomy of Semisulcospira bensoni, a fresh-water gastropod". Venus. 21 (1): 41–50.
- Jarilla, B. R.; Uda, K.; Suzuki, T.; Acosta, L. P.; Urabe, M.; Agatsuma, T. (2014). "Characterization of arginine kinase from the caenogastropod Semisulcospira libertina, an intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani". .
- Kajiyama, H.; Habe, T. (1961). "Two new forms of the Japanese melanians; Semisulcospira". Venus. 21 (2): 167–176.
- Kamiya, S.; Shimamoto, M. (2005). "Genetic and morphological variations of two freshwater snails, Semisulcospira libertina and S. reiniana in Japan". Venus (in Japanese). 64: 161–176.
- Kim, E. K.; Lee, J. S. (2009). "다슬기, Semisulcospira libertina libertina의 난자형성과정에 관한 미세구조적 기재. Ultrastructural Description on Oogenesis of the Melania Snail, Semisulcospira libertina libertina (Gastropoda: Pleuroceridae)". The Korean Journal of Malacology (in Korean). 25 (2): 145–151.
- Kim; Lee, T.-K.; Cha, Y.-S. (1985). "Studies on the nutritive component of black snail (Semisulcospira libertina)". Bull. Agric. College, Chonbuk Univ. 16: 101–105.
- Kim, Y.-K.; Moon, H.-S.; Lee, M.-H.; Park, M.-J.; Lim, C.-W.; Park, H.-Y.; Park, J.-I.; Yoon, H.-D.; Kim, D.-H. (2009). "Biological activities of seven melania snails in Korea" (PDF). .
- Kimura, M.; Oniwa, K. (1984). "Protein polymorphism in the fresh water snail Semisulcospira libertina". PMID 6742518.
- Kimura, D.; Uga, S. (2003). "Epidemiological studies on Centrocestus spp (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Chikusa river basin, Hyogo Prefecture Japan: Infection in first intermediate host snail, Semisulcospira libertina". Japan Journal of Environmental Entomology and Zoology. 14: 97–103.
- (in German) Kobelt W. (1879). "Fauna molluscorum extramarinorum Japoniae. Nach den von professor Rein gemachten sammlungen". Abhandlungen d. Senckenberg. naturf. gesellsch 1–171, 23 plates. page 128-130, plate xviii, figs. 2–8; plate xix, figs. 2–5, 8.
- Mishima Y. (1973). "Production estimation of a freshwater snail, Semisulcospira bensoni (Philippi) (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in a rapid stream". Report from the Ebino Biological Laboratory, Kyushu University, 1: 49-63.
- Mori, S (1936). "Some ecological notes on the fresh water snails, Melanoides (Semisulcospira) libertinus (Gould), M. (S.) japonicus (Reeve), and M. (S.) niponicus (Smith)". Venus (in Japanese). 6: 14–21.
- Nishiwaki, S.; Koike, K. (2000). "カワニナの模式産地の検討 The Type Locality of Semisulcospira libertina (Gould, 1859)". Venus (in Japanese). 31 (3): 61–62.
- Okura, N.; Kurihara, K.; Yasuzumi, F. (2005). "Striated microfilament bundles attaching to the plasma membrane of cytoplasmic bridges connecting spermatogenic cells in the black snail, Semisulcospira libertina (Mollusca, Mesogastropoda)". PMID 15695179.
- Rossetti, Y.; Nagasaka, T. (1988). "Prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2, and endotoxin failure to produce fever in the Japanese freshwater snail Semisulcospira libertina". PMID 3172578.
- Shinagawa, K.; Urabe, M.; Nagoshi, M. (1999). "Relationships between trematode infection and habitat depth in a freshwater snail, Semisulcospira libertina (Gould)". Hydrobiologia. 397: 171–178. S2CID 27808443.
- Tang, C.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, S.; Li, Z. (2012). "A Primary Study for Semisulcospira libertina Decollation". Sichuan Journal of Zoology. 31 (6): 896–899.
- Xue, J.; Wu, H.; Song, L. (2003). "Spatial pattern of Semisulcospira libertina population in small watershed in western Zhejiang" (PDF). Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology (in Chinese). 9 (2): 175–178.
- Yamamoto, K.; Handa, T. (2009). ""カワニナの中腸腺の導管と中腸腺細管の構造. Structure of Duct and Tubule of Digestive Diverticula in the Snail,Semisulcospira libertina (Gastropoda : Mesogastropoda")" (PDF). Journal of National Fisheries University (in Japanese). 57 (4): 271–275.
- Yasuzumi, G.; Nakano, S.; Matsuzaki, W. (1962). "Elektronenmikroskopische untersuchungen über die spermatogenese. XI. Über die spermiogenese der atypischen spermatiden von Melania libertina Gould". S2CID 24007923.
External links
- (in Japanese) Semisulcospira libertina with extensive gallery