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{{Royal Navy}}
{{Royal Navy}}


The '''Corps of Royal Marines''' ('''RM''') sometimes also informally referred to as the Royal Marines Commandos are the UK's special operations capable [[commando]] force, [[amphibious warfare|amphibious]] [[light infantry]] and also one of the [[:Category:Fighting Arms of the Royal Navy|five fighting arms]] of the [[Royal Navy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Royal Navy's Surface Fleet |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/About-the-Royal-Navy/~/media/Files/Navy-PDFs/About-the-Royal-Navy/Surface%20Fleet%20Information%20Leaflet.pdf |website=royalnavy.mod.uk |publisher=MOD UK |access-date=5 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018112225/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/About-the-Royal-Navy/~/media/Files/Navy-PDFs/About-the-Royal-Navy/Surface%20Fleet%20Information%20Leaflet.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/royal-marines |title=Royal Marines |publisher=Ministry of Defence |date=30 March 2018 |access-date=30 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401160602/https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/royal-marines |archive-date=1 April 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Corps of Royal Marines can trace their origins back to the formation of the [[English Army]]'s "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of Foot" at the grounds of the [[Honourable Artillery Company]] on 28 October 1664.<ref name="Origins of Royal Marines">{{cite web |url=http://www.acoy.co.uk/royalmarineshistorytraditionalfactsprecispack1.pdf |title=Royal Marines History and Traditional Facts |publisher=Marine Society & Sea Cadet |access-date=22 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705080815/http://www.acoy.co.uk/RoyalMarinesHistoryTraditionalFactsPrecisPack1.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
The '''Corps of Royal Marines''' ('''RM''') also known as the '''Royal Marines Commandos''' are the UK's special operations capable [[commando]] force, [[amphibious warfare|amphibious]] [[light infantry]] and also one of the [[:Category:Fighting Arms of the Royal Navy|five fighting arms]] of the [[Royal Navy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Royal Navy's Surface Fleet |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/About-the-Royal-Navy/~/media/Files/Navy-PDFs/About-the-Royal-Navy/Surface%20Fleet%20Information%20Leaflet.pdf |website=royalnavy.mod.uk |publisher=MOD UK |access-date=5 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018112225/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/About-the-Royal-Navy/~/media/Files/Navy-PDFs/About-the-Royal-Navy/Surface%20Fleet%20Information%20Leaflet.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/royal-marines |title=Royal Marines |publisher=Ministry of Defence |date=30 March 2018 |access-date=30 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401160602/https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/royal-marines |archive-date=1 April 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Corps of Royal Marines can trace their origins back to the formation of the [[English Army]]'s "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of Foot" at the grounds of the [[Honourable Artillery Company]] on 28 October 1664.<ref name="Origins of Royal Marines">{{cite web |url=http://www.acoy.co.uk/royalmarineshistorytraditionalfactsprecispack1.pdf |title=Royal Marines History and Traditional Facts |publisher=Marine Society & Sea Cadet |access-date=22 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705080815/http://www.acoy.co.uk/RoyalMarinesHistoryTraditionalFactsPrecisPack1.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


As a highly specialised and adaptable elite light infantry and commando force, Royal Marine Commandos are trained for rapid deployment worldwide and capable of dealing with a wide range of threats. The Corps of Royal Marines is organised into a light infantry brigade ([[3 Commando Brigade]]) and a number of separate units, including [[47 Commando (Raiding Group) Royal Marines]], and a company-strength commitment to the [[Special Forces Support Group]]. The Corps operates in all environments and climates, though particular expertise and training is spent on [[amphibious warfare]], [[arctic warfare]], [[mountain warfare]], [[expeditionary warfare]], and its commitment to the UK's [[rapid reaction force]]s.
As a highly specialised and adaptable elite light infantry and commando force, Royal Marine Commandos are trained for rapid deployment worldwide and capable of dealing with a wide range of threats. The Corps of Royal Marines is organised into a light infantry brigade ([[3 Commando Brigade]]) and a number of separate units, including [[47 Commando (Raiding Group) Royal Marines]], and a company-strength commitment to the [[Special Forces Support Group]]. The Corps operates in all environments and climates, though particular expertise and training is spent on [[amphibious warfare]], [[arctic warfare]], [[mountain warfare]], [[expeditionary warfare]], and its commitment to the UK's [[rapid reaction force]]s.

Revision as of 14:53, 12 August 2022

"Royal Marines Commando" and "Royal Marine Commando" redirect here. For Royal Marine, see Commando. For Royal Marine Corps, see Royal Marines.

Corps of Royal Marines
First Sea Lord
Admiral Sir Ben Key
Commandant GeneralLieutenant General Robert Magowan[4]
Corps Regimental Sergeant MajorWarrant Officer 1 Richard Angove
Insignia
Non‑ceremonial flag
Commando flash
United Kingdom
His Majesty's
Naval Service
of the British Armed Forces
Components
  • Special Forces
History and future
Ships
Personnel
Auxiliary services

The Corps of Royal Marines (RM) also known as the Royal Marines Commandos are the UK's special operations capable commando force, amphibious light infantry and also one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy.[5][6] The Corps of Royal Marines can trace their origins back to the formation of the English Army's "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of Foot" at the grounds of the Honourable Artillery Company on 28 October 1664.[7]

As a highly specialised and adaptable elite light infantry and commando force, Royal Marine Commandos are trained for rapid deployment worldwide and capable of dealing with a wide range of threats. The Corps of Royal Marines is organised into a light infantry brigade (

arctic warfare, mountain warfare, expeditionary warfare, and its commitment to the UK's rapid reaction forces
.

Throughout its history, the Royal Marines have seen action in a number of major wars often fighting beside the

War in Afghanistan. The Royal Marines have close international ties with allied marine forces, particularly the United States Marine Corps and the Netherlands Marine Corps (Dutch: Korps Mariniers).[8][9] Today, the Royal Marines are an elite fighting force within the British Armed Forces, having undergone many substantial changes over time.[10]

History

Main article: History of the Royal Marines

The Royal Marines traces its origins back to 28 October 1664 when at the grounds of the Honourable Artillery Company "the Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of foot" was formed.[7]

Early British Empire

On 5 April 1755, His Majesty's Marine Forces, fifty Companies in three Divisions, headquartered at

field officer ranks were honorary sinecure positions awarded to senior Royal Navy officers. This meant that the furthest a Marine officer could advance was to lieutenant colonel. It was not until 1771 that the first Marine was promoted to colonel. This attitude persisted well into the 1800s. During the rest of the 18th century, they served in numerous landings all over the world, the most famous being the landing at Belle Île on the Brittany coast in 1761.[7] They also served in the American War of Independence, notably in the Battle of Bunker Hill led by Major John Pitcairn.[11]

Major General John Tupper His Majesty's Marine Forces

In 1788 a detachment of four companies of marines, under Major

Robert Ross, accompanied the First Fleet to protect a new colony at Botany Bay (New South Wales). Due to an error the Fleet left Portsmouth without its main supply of ammunition, and were not resupplied until the Fleet docked in Rio de Janeiro midway through the voyage.[12] Some scholars contend that the Marines deliberately spread smallpox among Australia's Indigenous population in order to protect the settlement, but this incident does not appear in contemporaneous Marine or government records and most researchers associate the disease outbreak with other causes.[13][14][15]

Private of Marines, 1815

In 1802, largely at the instigation of Admiral the

bomb ketches. These had been manned by the Army's Royal Regiment of Artillery, but a lawsuit by a Royal Artillery officer resulted in a court decision that Army officers were not subject to Naval orders. As RMA uniforms were the blue of the Royal Regiment of Artillery they were nicknamed the "Blue Marines" and the infantry element, who wore the red uniforms of the British infantry, became known as the "Red Marines", often given the semi-derogatory nickname "Lobsters" by sailors.[16] A fourth division of the Royal Marines, headquartered at Woolwich, was formed in 1805.[17]

During the

Fort Bowyer in Mobile Bay in what was the last action of the war.[20]

Royal Marines parade in the streets of Chania, Cretan State, in spring 1897, following British occupation during the Greco-Turkish War

In 1855 the infantry forces were renamed the Royal Marines Light Infantry (RMLI). During the

Peiho in 1859, where Admiral Sir James Hope ordered a landing across extensive mud flats.[23]

The Royal Marines also played a prominent role in the Boxer Rebellion in China (1900), where a Royal Marine earned a Victoria Cross.[21]

Status and roles

Through much of the 18th and 19th centuries Marine officers had a lower standing status than their counterparts in the Royal Navy. A short-lived[24] effort was made in 1907, through the common entry or "

Selborne scheme", to reduce the professional differences between RN and RM officers through a system of common entry that provided for an initial period of shared training.[25]

By the early twentieth century the Royal Marines had achieved a high professional status, although there was a serious shortage of junior officers. Numbering about 15,000 during the Edwardian era,[26] enlistment for other ranks was for at least 12 years, with entitlement to a pension after 21 years of service. After basic training new recruits were assigned to one of three land-based divisions and from there to warships as vacancies arose.[27] From 1908 onwards one gun turret on each battleship was manned by RMA gunners. The RMLI continued their traditional role of providing landing parties and shore-based detachments. Specialist positions on board ship, such as postmen, barbers, lamp trimmers and butchers, were reserved for Royal Marines. After 1903 the Royal Marines provided bands for service on board battleships and other large vessels.[28]

World wars

First World War

During the

amphibious landing at Gallipoli in 1915. It also served on the Western Front. The Division's first two commanders were Royal Marine Artillery Generals. Other Royal Marines acted as landing parties in the Naval campaign against the Turkish fortifications in the Dardanelles before the Gallipoli landing. They were sent ashore to assess damage to Turkish fortifications after bombardment by British and French ships and, if necessary, to complete their destruction. The Royal Marines were the last to leave Gallipoli, replacing both British and French troops in a neatly planned and executed withdrawal from the beaches.[29]

The Royal Marines also took part in the Zeebrugge Raid in 1918. Five Royal Marines earned the Victoria Cross in the First World War, two at Zeebrugge, one at Gallipoli, one at Jutland and one on the Western Front.[21]

Between the wars

After the war Royal Marines took part in the

mess dress to the present day. The ranks of private, used by the RMLI, and gunner, used by the RMA, were abolished and replaced by the rank of Marine.[32]

Second World War

British Commandos in action during Operation Archery
, Norway

During the

Namsos in April 1940, seizing the approaches to the Norwegian town preparatory to a landing by the British Army two days later. The Royal Marines formed the Royal Marine Division as an amphibiously trained division, parts of which served at Dakar and in the capture of Madagascar. After the assault on the French naval base at Antsirane in Madagascar was held up, fifty Sea Service Royal Marines from HMS Ramillies commanded by Captain Martin Price were landed on the quay of the base by the destroyer HMS Anthony after it ran the gauntlet of French shore batteries defending Diego Suarez Bay. They then captured two of the batteries, which led to a quick surrender by the French.[33]

In addition the Royal Marines formed Mobile Naval Base Defence Organisations (MNBDOs) similar to the

British Army Commandos. The Division command structure became a Special Service Brigade command. The support troops became landing craft crew and saw extensive action on D-Day in June 1944.[34]

Men of No 4 (Army) Commando engaged in house to house fighting with the Germans at Riva Bella, near Ouistreham

A total of four Special Service Brigades (redesignated Commando brigades in December 1944 as the "SS" abbreviation was unpopular) were raised during the war, and Royal Marines were represented in all of them. A total of nine RM Commandos (

Burma. 4 Commando Brigade served in the Battle of Normandy and in the Battle of the Scheldt on the island of Walcheren during the clearing of Antwerp.[35]

Royal Marine Commandos attached to 3rd Division move inland from Sword Beach on the Normandy coast, 6 June 1944

In January 1945, two further RM Brigades were formed, 116th Brigade and 117th Brigade. Both were conventional Infantry, rather than in the Commando role. 116th Brigade saw some action in the Netherlands, but 117th Brigade was hardly used operationally. In addition one Landing Craft Assault (LCA) unit was stationed in Australia late in the war as a training unit. In 1946 the Army Commandos were disbanded, leaving the Royal Marines to continue the Commando role (with supporting Army elements). A number of Royal Marines served as pilots during the Second World War. It was a Royal Marines officer who led the attack by a formation of Blackburn Skuas that sank the Königsberg. Eighteen Royal Marines commanded Fleet Air Arm squadrons during the course of the war, and with the formation of the British Pacific Fleet were well represented in the final drive on Japan. Captains and Majors generally commanded squadrons, whilst in one case Lt Colonel R.C. Hay on HMS Indefatigable was Air Group Co-ordinator from HMS Victorious of the entire British Pacific Fleet.[36]

Throughout the war Royal Marines continued in their traditional role of providing ships detachments and manning a proportion of the guns on Cruisers and Capital Ships. They also provided the crew for the UK's Minor Landing craft, and the Royal Marines Armoured Support Group manned Centaur IV tanks on D Day; one of these is still on display at Pegasus Bridge.[37]

Only one Marine (

Italy. Hunter was the most recent RM Commando to be awarded the medal.[21] The Royal Marines Boom Patrol Detachment under Blondie Haslar carried out Operation Frankton and provided the basis for the post-war continuation of the SBS.[38]

Post-colonial era

The Corps underwent a notable change after 1945 however, when the Royal Marines took on the main responsibility for the role and training of the

British Commandos. As of 2009, since their creation in 1942 Royal Marines Commandos had engaged on active operations across the globe, every year except 1968.[39] Notably they were the first ever military unit to perform an air assault insertion by helicopter, during the Suez Crisis in 1956.[40] They were also part of the land element during the 1982 Falklands War.[41]

43 Commando was active as amphibious infantry from 1961–68, and 41 Commando was disbanded in 1981.[42]

Cold War

Royal Marines during an exercise in Scotland

During the

3 Commando Brigade began to train annually in Northern Norway and had large stores of vehicles and supplies pre-positioned there. At the end of the Cold War in 1989 the structure of the Royal Marines was as follows:[43]

Note: "(V)" denotes British Army reserve units.

Today

Personnel

Royal Marines in Sangin, Afghanistan, 2010

The Royal Marines are part of the Naval Service and under the full command of Fleet Commander. The rank structure of the Corps is similar to that of the British Army. Uniquely, in the Royal Marines, officers and other ranks undergo initial, commando and specialist training together at the Commando Training Centre, Royal Marines (CTCRM). Since 2017 women have been able to serve in all roles in the Royal Marines, though as of June 2019 none have passed the training.[44] On average, 1,200 recruits attend training courses at the Commando Training Centre Royal Marines every year.[45]

At its height in 1944 during the Second World War, more than 70,000 people served in the Royal Marines. Following the Allied victory the Royal Marines were quickly reduced to a post-war strength of 13,000. When

Commando-trained force of 9,000 personnel.[46] As of October 2014 the Royal Marines had a strength of 7,760 Regular[47] and 750 Royal Marines Reserve, giving a combined component strength of around 8,510 personnel. The Royal Marines are the only naval infantry force capable of conducting amphibious operations at brigade level.[48]

Equipment

Main article: List of equipment of the Royal Marines
Light weapons
The basic personal weapon of the Royal Marines is the
C8SFW.[55]
Armour
The Royal Marines maintain no heavy armoured units, instead, they operate a fleet of lightly armoured and highly mobile vehicles intended for amphibious landings or rapid deployment. The primary
Pinzgauer High Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle.[57]
Artillery
Field artillery support is provided by
Commando-trained.[58]
Aviation
The Commando Helicopter Force of the Fleet Air Arm provides transport helicopters in support of the Royal Marines. It currently uses both Merlin HC4/4A medium-lift transport and Wildcat AH1 light transport/reconnaissance helicopters to provide direct aviation support for the Corps. In addition, the Royal Air Force provides Chinook heavy-lift and Puma HC2 medium-lift transport helicopters.[59]
Vessels
The Royal Marines operate a varied fleet of
Swimmer Delivery Vehicle for special forces. Other smaller amphibious craft such as the Offshore Raiding Craft, Rigid Raider and Inflatable Raiding Craft are in service in much greater numbers.[60]
  • Royal Marines equipped for Arctic warfare during an exercise in Norway
    Royal Marines equipped for Arctic warfare during an exercise in Norway
  • BvS 10 Vikings of the Royal Marines Armoured Support Group on exercise
    BvS 10 Vikings of the Royal Marines Armoured Support Group on exercise
  • Royal Marines Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk10
    Royal Marines Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk10
  • A Royal Marines Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) Mk5
    A Royal Marines Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) Mk5
  • Royal Marines Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)
    Royal Marines Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)

Formation and structure

The overall head of the Royal Marines is

Navy Command Headquarters (NCHQ) as Commander UK Amphibious Force (COMUKAMPHIBFOR).[62]

The operational capability of the corps comprises a number of battalion-plus sized units, of which five are designated as "commandos":[63]

With the exception of the 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group and Commando Logistic Regiment, which are each commanded by a full

lieutenant-colonel of the Royal Marines, who may have sub-specialised in a number of ways throughout their career.[66]

3 Commando Brigade

Main article:
3 Commando Brigade
Insignia of 3 Commando Brigade

Operational command of the five commandos and the Commando Logistics Regiment is delegated to

3 Commando Brigade Royal Marines, of which they are a part. Based at Stonehouse Barracks, the brigade exercises control as directed by either CINCFLEET or the Permanent Joint Headquarters. As the main combat formation of the Royal Marines, the brigade has its own organic capability to it in the field, 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group, a battalion sized formation providing information operations capabilities, life support and security for the Brigade Headquarters.[63]

43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines, responsible for the security of the United Kingdom's nuclear deterrent and other security-related duties was originally outside the brigade, but was incorporated into it from April 2012.[67] It also provides specialist boarding parties and snipers for the Royal Navy worldwide, for roles such as embargo enforcement, counter-narcotics, counter-piracy and counter-insurgency activities of the Royal Navy. It is the largest unit in the brigade, at 790 strong.[67]

Independent elements

The independent elements of the Royal Marines are:[68]

A Royal Marines team boards US Navy destroyer USS O'Bannon

Structure of a commando

Main article: Commando 21

40 and 45 Commando are each organised into six companies, further organised into platoon-sized troops, as follows:[69]

  • Command company
    • Main HQ
    • Tactical HQ
    • Reconnaissance Troop with a sniper section
    • Mortar Troop
    • Anti-Tank (AT) Troop
    • Medium Machine Gun Troop
  • 2× Close Combat Companies
    • Company Headquarters
    • 3× Close Combat Troops
  • 2× Stand Off Companies
    • Company Headquarters
    • Heavy Machine Gun (HMG) Troop
    • AT Troop
    • Close Combat Troop.
  • Logistic Company
    • A Echelon 1
    • A Echelon 2
    • FRT (Forward Repair Team)
    • RAP (Regimental Aid Post)
    • B Echelon

In general a rifle company Marine will be a member of a four-man fire team, the building block of commando operations. A Royal Marine works with their team in the field and shares accommodation if living in barracks. This structure is a recent development, formerly Commandos were structured similarly to British Army light infantry battalions.[70]

Amphibious Task Group

RIB 'Underslinging', from an RAF Chinook
as a method of quick extraction and insertion of waterborne personnel

Formerly known as the Amphibious Ready Group, the Amphibious Task Group (ATG) is a mobile, balanced amphibious warfare force, based on a Commando Group and its supporting assets, that can be kept at high readiness to deploy into an area of operations. The ATG is normally based around specialist amphibious ships, most notably HMS Ocean, the largest ship in the British fleet until she was decommissioned and sold to Brazil in 2018. Ocean was designed and built to accommodate an embarked commando and its associated stores and equipment. The strategy of the ATG is to wait "beyond the horizon" and then deploy swiftly as directed by HM Government. The whole amphibious force is intended to be self-sustaining and capable of operating without host-nation support. The concept was successfully tested in operations in Sierra Leone.[71]

Commando Helicopter Force

Main article: Commando Helicopter Force

The Commando Helicopter Force (CHF) forms part of the

3 Commando Brigade nor that of the Commandant General Royal Marines, but rather is allocated to support Royal Marines units as required. It uses both Merlin HC4/4A medium-lift and Wildcat AH1 light transport/reconnaissance helicopters to provide aviation support for the Royal Marines.[59]

Commando Forces 2030, Maritime Operations Commando & Future Commando Force

See also: Future Commando Force
40 Commando Royal Marines helping trial the Littoral Strike concept in 2020.

On 11 April 2017 the

First Sea Lord, Admiral Sir Philip Jones, announced[73] that the Royal Marines were to be restructured. The Royal Marines will be able to deploy a specialist Maritime Operations Commando from the three combat units as part of the Commando Forces 2030 strategy.[74] A Future Commando Force (FCF) programme has been set up under Navy Command to create the staff and intellectual horsepower for a land littoral strike division programme.[75] An example of the FCF was depicted by young engineering graduates from the UK Naval Engineering Science and Technology forum (UKNEST).[76][77] There will be two Littoral Response Groups: One based East of Suez, one based in the High North.[78] On 27 June 2020, the Royal Marines announced they will adopt a new uniform with the MultiCam camouflage instead of the MTP camo.[79][80]

Selection and training

Main article: Royal Marines selection and training
A Royal Marine stands beside a tree to sight in his weapon during a training exercise
Royal Marines snipers displaying their L115A1 rifles

Royal Marine Commandos are required to undergo the longest and one of the most physically demanding specialist infantry training courses in the world. Recruit training lasts for 36 weeks for Royal Marine Commandos and 60 weeks for Royal Marine Commando Officers. Potential recruits must be aged 16 to 32 (18 to 25 for Commissioned Officers)[81] and must undertake a series of interviews, medical tests, an eye/sight test, psychometric tests and a PJFT (Pre-joining fitness test).[82] As of late 2018 there is no restriction on women joining the Royal Marines.[83][44] Once a potential recruit passes these, enlisted recruits undertake a three-day selection course called PRMC (Potential Royal Marine Course) and potential officers undertake POC (Potential Officer Course) – both take place at the Commando Training Centre Royal Marines (CTCRM) in Lympstone, Devon. Officers must also take the Admiralty Interview Board (AIB).[84] Upon passing the three-day course, recruits then start basic recruit training (RT) at CTCRM.[82] A large proportion of training is carried out on Dartmoor's inhospitable terrain and Woodbury Common woodland.[85]

Throughout the recruit training, Royal Marines learn and develop many military skills such as weapons handling, marksmanship and proficiency with different firearms, personal administration, marching and parade ground skills, map reading and navigation, physical fitness and mental toughness development, fieldcraft skills such as camouflage and stalking, basic survival techniques, patrolling and sentry duty development, unarmed and armed close quarters combat (CQC), first aid, underwater escape, chemical biological radiological nuclear (CBRN) training, military communications and signals, teamwork skills, amphibious landings training, and leadership skills for officers to name a few.[86]

The best recruit to finish training is awarded the Kings Badge. King George V directed that his Royal Cypher, surrounded by a laurel wreath, would be known as the King's Badge, and would be awarded to the best all round recruit in the King's Squad, provided that he was worthy of the honour. The badge was to be carried on the left shoulder, and worn in every rank. The King's Badge is not awarded to every squad, and is only presented if a recruit measures up to the very exacting standards required.[87]

Throughout their career, a Marine can specialise in a number of different roles upon completion of their respective courses after spending one to two years as a general duties (GD) Marine. Examples of some specialisations and different courses includes the mountain leader (ML), physical training instructor (PTI), Assault Engineer (AE), Royal Marines police (RMP), sniper (S), medical assistant (MA), pilot, reconnaissance operator (RO), drill instructor (DL), driver (D), clerk (C), signaller (SI), combat intelligence (CI), armourer (A), and heavy weapons (HW). Royal Marines can also apply for swimmer canoeist/

UKSF.[88] All Royal Marines will also conduct training exercises on differing military skills on a regular basis including development in mountain, arctic, jungle, amphibious and desert warfare. They can also be involved in exchange training programs with other countries' forces – particularly the United States Marine Corps[8] and the Netherlands Marine Corps/Korps Mariniers.[9]

Museum

The

Ministry of Defence. It will soon be moving from Eastney Barracks to Portsmouth Dockyard.[89]

Customs and traditions

The Commando Flash and dagger worn on a sleeve of a Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP) uniform
The Commando Flash and dagger worn on a sleeve of a Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP) uniform

The Royal Marines have a proud history and unique traditions. With the exceptions of "Gibraltar" and the laurel wreath for the Battle of Belle Island, their colours (flags) do not carry

battle honours in the manner of the regiments of the British Army or of the US Marine Corps, but rather the "globe itself" as a symbol of the Corps.[90]

The heraldic crest of the Royal Marines commemorates the history of the Corps. The Lion and Crown denotes a Royal regiment.

siege against a numerically superior Franco-Spanish force.[16]
Their determination and valour throughout the siege led to a contemporary report published in The Triumphs of Her Majesty's Arms in 1707 to announce:

Encouraged by the Prince of Hesse, the garrison did more than could humanly be expected, and the English Marines gained an immortal glory

— referred to by Paul Harris Nicolas, Historical Record of the Royal Marine Forces[91]

There are no other battle honours displayed on the

Naval Service.[90]

The regimental quick march of the Corps is "

Earl Mountbatten of Burma on the occasion of the Corps's tercentenary in 1964. Lord Mountbatten was Life Colonel Commandant of the Royal Marines until his murder by the IRA in 1979.[92]

The dark blue Number 1A uniform worn with pith helmets

The Royal Marines are allowed by the

Lord Mayor of the City of London to march through the City as a regiment in full array. This dates to the charter of Charles II that allowed recruiting parties of the Admiral's Regiment of 1664 to enter the City with drums beating and colours flying.[93]

Uniforms

Modern Royal Marines uniforms are broadly similar to British Army uniforms but include a number of distinctive uniform items. These include the green "Lovat" shade of service dress uniform; the green beret (for those who have passed the commando course) or navy blue beret (for those who have not) with a scarlet patch behind the badge; dark blue parade dress worn with either the white Wolseley Pattern Helmet (commonly referred to as "pith helmet") or white and red peaked cap; the scarlet and blue mess dress for officers and senior non-commissioned officers; and the white hot-weather uniform of the Band Service.[94]

For historical information regarding Marine uniforms, see Uniforms of the Royal Marines.

Ranks and insignia

See also: Royal Navy officer rank insignia § Royal Marines, and Royal Navy other rank insignia § Royal Marines
Royal Marines officer rank insignia
NATO Code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1 OF(D)
United Kingdom Epaulette Rank Insignia
Rank title: General Lieutenant-general
Major-general
 Brigadier Colonel Lieutenant colonel Major Captain Lieutenant Second lieutenant Officer cadet
Royal Marines other rank insignia
NATO Code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2
United Kingdom Rank Insignia (View) No insignia
Rank Title: Warrant officer class 1 Warrant officer class 2 Colour sergeant Sergeant Corporal Lance corporal Marine
Abbreviation: WO1 WO2 CSgt Sgt Cpl LCpl Mne

Associations with other regiments and marine corps

Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
Early connections date from Balaclava in the Crimean War and Lucknow during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, but the main association stems from World War II. In July 1940, after the fall of Dunkirk, the 5th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders served with the Royal Marine Brigade for over a year. When the battleships HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse were sunk in December 1941, the Royal Marines survivors joined up with the remnants of the 2nd Battalion, in the defence of Singapore. They formed what became known as 'The Plymouth Argylls', after the association football team, since both ships were Plymouth manned. Most of the Highlanders and Marines who survived the bitter fighting were taken prisoner by the Japanese. The Royal Marines inter-unit rugby football trophy is the 'Argyll Bowl', presented to the Corps by the Regiment in 1941.[7]
Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment
The fore-bearer regiments of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment, 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot was initially raised as amphibious troops. They served as Marines for a period. To this day one officer from the Royal Marines serves with the PWRR and Vice Versa. Also the Royal Marine Lanyard is worn by all ranks in Service Dress and Number 2 Dress uniform and barrack dress of PWRR.[95]
United States Marine Corps
The Royal Marines and the United States Marine Corps have trained together or exchanged training on multiple occasions, sometimes as mixed units to further build cooperation.[96] In 2018, the Royal Marines won a friendly boxing tournament contested by fighters from both corps at the Royal Lancaster Hotel in London broadcast by Sky Sports.[97]
Barbados Defence Force
Close links have existed between the Royal Marines and the Barbados Defence Force since 1985 when a bond was established following a series of cross-training exercises in the Caribbean. The Alliance was approved by HM the Queen in 1992.[7]
Netherlands Marine Corps
The Royal Marines have close links with the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps, with whom they conduct NATO exercises throughout the year. Formed during the Anglo-Dutch Wars in 1665, the Dutch Marines distinguished themselves in raids on the English coast, where it is likely they met their future counterparts.[98] Units of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps work in close co-operation with 3 Commando Brigade of the Royal Marines. Operational units of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps are fully integrated into this brigade. This integration is known as the United Kingdom-Netherlands Landing Force and is a component of the United Kingdom-Netherlands Amphibious Force as a key strike force during the Cold War to strengthen the Nordic area.[99]
French 9th Marine Infantry Brigade (former 9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade)
The 9th Marine Infantry Brigade (9e Brigade d'Infanterie de Marine, 9e BIMa) is a Marine infantry brigade which is one of the two designated amphibious brigades in France. It is unique in being the only 'All Marine' Brigade in the French Army; the other amphibious brigade, 6th Light Armoured Brigade (6e Brigade Légère Blindée, 6e BLB), is composed of a mix of cap badges. 9e BIMa is also a light armoured brigade, formed of two Marine infantry regiments (2e RIMa and 3e RIMa — Régiments d'Infanterie de Marine) and a tank battalion.[100]

See also

Notes

References

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Bibliography

External links

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