Takya

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the type of building or complex. For other uses, see Takya (disambiguation).
"Takiyya" redirects here. Not to be confused with taqiyya.

A takya

Islamic world (which could also provide shelter to pilgrims); under this sense, takyas functioned much like khanqahs
, which had appeared earlier and which had flourished in pre-Ottoman Syria and Egypt and in India.

In the Ottoman Empire, many takyas or tekyes/tekkes were built, most notably for use by the Mevlevi Order and the Bektashi Order[7] (see § Ottoman Empire, below).

In

graveyard of Sufis[14][5][15][16] (see § South Asia
).

In

Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram) (see § Iran
).

In the modern

food assistance to those in need (see § Modern Arab world
).

Etymology

The

Panjabi[5] and Sindhi[c]). The word was also borrowed in Ottoman Turkish as تَكْیه tekye,[4] eventually making its way into Arabic as تَكِيَّة takiyya and in languages of the Balkans
.

Other words were derived from تَکْیه takya in Classical Persian, such as تکیه‌نشین takya-nishīn and تکیه‌دار takya-dār both meaning a Sufi.

Ottoman Empire

The Sulaymaniyya Takiyya in Damascus, Syria

Many takyas (or tekkeler in

khānqāh (Turkish: hankah).[19] Among the Ottoman Sufi orders which had the most takyas were the Mevlevi Order or Mawlawiyya and the Bektashi Order.[7] The takyas of the Mevlevi Order were called Mawlawī khānas (Ottoman Turkish: مولوی خانه‌لر, romanized: Mevlevî haneler, lit. 'Mawlawī houses').[7]

The Uzbeks' Takya in Istanbul

By the 20th century, Istanbul itself counted many takyas. Some were dedicated to certain Muslim communities (for example, the Uzbeks' Takya[d] or the Indians' Takya[e]) which symbolized a certain recognition of these communities by the Ottomans.[22] Iranians in Istanbul in the 1870s also attempted to establish a "Takya Ḥosayniya"[23] (Turkish: Hüseyniye Tekkesi),[23] which was meant to be used as a husayniyya like the takyas of Iran (see § Iran, below).

The Takya of Blagaj, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ottoman takyas can be found in Albania, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Cyprus, in Egypt, in Greece, in North Macedonia and in Syria.

South Asia

The Takya of Baba Shah Musafir at Aurangabad

In

Urdu: جماعت خانہ), dargāh (Urdu: درگاہ, lit. 'royal court'), langar (Urdu: لنگر, lit. 'refectory'[f]) and sometimes ʿimārat (Urdu: عمارت, lit. 'building').[24]

In

graveyard of Sufis.[14][5][15][16]

Iran

The former Takyeh Dowlat in Tehran, which was used as a husayniyya
Main article: Takyeh

Following the

Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram). This is one of the reasons why the words "takyeh" and "hoseyniyeh" are often used interchangeably in modern Iran.[25] The majority of takyehs built in Iran since Iran's conversion have been built to be used as husayniyyas, although some of them also include a zaynabiyya (in honor of Husayn's sister Zaynab bint Ali)[26] or an abbasiyya (in honor of Husayn's paternal half-brother Abbas ibn Ali), like the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk.[27] Famous takyas or takyehs in Iran include the Takyeh of Mir Chakhmaq in Yazd (built in the 15th century), the Takyeh Beyglarbeygi and the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk in Kermanshah, and the former Takyeh Dowlat built by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in Tehran
, all of which have been used as husayniyyas.

Azerbaijan

In Azerbaijan, examples of takyas (or təkyələr in Azerbaijani) include the Takya in the Old City of Baku.

Modern Arab world

al-Khalil

In the modern

food assistance to those in need: for example, the Tkiyet Um Ali founded in Amman in 2003, or the Takiyyat Nābulus al-Khayriyya founded in Nablus in 2012.[28]

Notes

  1. ^ Variously spelled in historical English sources as takyah, takia, takiya, takiyah, takyeh, takieh, takié, takiye, takiyeh, tekyeh, tekieh, tekiye, tekiyeh and many other spellings.
  2. ^
    Urdu: تکیہ بابا شاہ مسافر.[13]
  3. romanized: takyo.[18]
  4. romanized: Özbekler Tekyesi;[20] Turkish
    : Özbekler Tekkesi.
  5. romanized: Hindiler Tekyesi;[21] Turkish
    : Hindiler Tekkesi.
  6. Sanskrit
    .

References

  1. ^ a b Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892). A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature. London: Routledge & K. Paul. p. 319.
  2. ^ Hayyim, Sulayman (1934). "تکیه". New Persian-English Dictionary. Vol. 1. Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim. p. 469.
  3. ^ "təkyə". Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti (in Azerbaijani).
  4. ^ a b Redhouse, James W. (1890). "تكیه". A Turkish and English Lexicon. Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian. p. 585.
  5. ^ a b c d Salah-ud-Din, Iqbal (2002). "تکیہ". Vaḍḍī Panjābī lughat: Panjābī tūn Panjābī. Lāhaur: ʻAzīz Pablisharz. p. 790.
  6. ^ Platts, John T. (1884). A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi and English. London: W. H. Allen & Co. p. 332.
  7. ^
    TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
    , Centre for Islamic Studies. 1988–2016.
  8. ^ a b Rahman, Abdur (1984). Science and Technology in Indian Culture: A Historical Perspective. Shah Musafir, whose 'takia' is at Aurangabad
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-1-78969-745-2
    . Musafir (takya de 1739)
  10. ^ a b The Book Review. 2001. p. 8. The younger shaykh, Baba Musafir, turned to the task of establishing a takya or khanqah at Awrangabad
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-1-000-89880-4
    . takya at Aurangabad
  12. ^
    JSTOR 4299981
    . the Takya of Bābā Musāfir in Awrangābād
  13. ^ سب رس (in Urdu). 2007.
  14. ^ a b A. D. Khan (1994). Diplomatics of the Soyurghal Farman of the Great Mughals. p. 6. takyas (graveyards)
  15. ^ a b Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers. 1979. p. 33.
  16. ^ a b Sharif, Ja'far; Crooke, William (2017). Islam in India. Takya, a pillow, a resting-place of Faqīrs
  17. ^ a b محمد صادق محمد الكرباسي (2019). معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة - الجزء الثالث: دائرة المعارف الحسينية (in Arabic). بناء الحسينية كان حديث العهد بإيران، وأما التكايا فكانت معروفة ومنتشرة في أنحاء إيران وكانت تقام فيها بعض الشعائر الحسينية أيضا قبل أن تنتقل إلى الحسينيات التي تخصصت بالشعائر الحسينية.
  18. ^ Parmanand, Mewaram (1910). "تَڪْيو". Sindhi-English Dictionary. Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society. p. 96.
  19. TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
    , Centre for Islamic Studies. 1988–2016. Osmanlılar'da hankah yerine daha çok dergâh, tekke ve zâviye kelimeleri kullanılmıştır
  20. ^ ايغناتس قونوس. تورك خلق ادبياتی (in Ottoman Turkish). p. 38.
  21. ^ Ahmet Cevdet Paşa (1893). تاريخ جودت (in Ottoman Turkish). p. 70.
  22. ^ M. Naeem Qureshi (1999). Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918-1924. p. 16.
  23. ^
    hdl:11424/254280
    .
  24. ^ Ridgeon, Lloyd (2020). Routledge Handbook on Sufism. takya is used also in India and in Xinjiang (China). In the Indian subcontinent, the terms used are jamā'at-khāna (meeting room), takya (pillow, bolster) or dargāh (royal court) and langar (refectory), a term of Sanskrit origin, and sometimes imarat (religious complex).
  25. ^ العمارة الاسلامية بإيران مساجد - مدارس - حسينيات (in Arabic). p. 391.
  26. ^ Encyclopedia of Islam. 2009. p. 320.
  27. ^ Zulfikar Hirji (2010). Diversity and Pluralism in Islam.
  28. aljazeera.net
    (in Arabic). 2018-05-25.
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