50th Operations Group

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50th Operations Group
ActiveDecember 1991–24 July 2020
Belgian Army
Commanders
Notable
commanders		John E. Shaw
Insignia
50th Operations Group emblem (Originally approved for the group 9 January 1942)[2][note 1]
Original form of the Group emblem[2]
Group emblem from 23 August 1956 to 8 December 1957[3][note 2]

The 50th Operations Group was a subordinate unit of the

Schriever Space Force Base
, previously Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado.

The group was activated in January 1941 as the 50th Pursuit Group and began training under

Distinguished Unit Citations
. It returned to the United States, where it was inactivated on 7 November 1945.

In June 1949 the group was activated as a reserve unit at

33d Fighter Group. In 1950, it became the 50th Fighter-Interceptor Group. The group was called to active duty in connection with the Korean War
in June 1950, but was inactivated a few days later and its personnel were transferred to other units.

The group, now designated the 50th Fighter-Bomber Group, was activated in January 1953, when it took over the mission, personnel and equipment of the

North American F-51 Mustangs to North American F-86 Sabres, it deployed to Germany and Hahn Air Base. It moved to Toul-Rosières Air Base
, France in 1956, and was inactivated there in late 1957.

Although the group was renamed the 50th Tactical Fighter Group in 1985, it remained inactive until December 1991, when, as the 50th Operations Group, it took over the personnel of the 1002d Operations Group, which was simultaneously inactivated. Since then, the group has managed a variety of surveillance and communications satellites for the

Department of Defense
.

Overview

The 50th Operations Group stood up at

1002d Operations Group, monitored satellites during launch operations, maneuvered them into proper orbits and maintained their health in space.[4]

The group commands, controls and executes launch and early orbit operations, and provides operational support for over 65 satellites which support the

Secretary of Defense, other government agencies, and United States and allied military forces. It comprises over 1,100 active duty, reserve, and civilians. It trains the more than 500 system operators that form its space operations crews.[4]

The group's space operations centers track, monitor telemetry and command satellites during launch, early-orbit and on-orbit operations. They resolve anomalies with satellites when they occur and dispose of the satellites when missions are terminated.[4]

Assigned units

The 50th Operations Group consists of the following squadrons, plus a detachment located at Suitland, Maryland, which provides command and control of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program:[5]

The squadron operates the Space Based Space Surveillance, Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program, and Advanced Technology Risk Reduction satellites to identify and track satellites in orbit around the Earth.
  • 2d Space Operations Squadron
The squadron performs the command and control mission for the Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS is the military's largest and the world's most widely used satellite constellation. It operates the spacecraft constellation through a Master Control Station, located on Schreiver Air Force Base and a worldwide network of monitor stations and dedicated ground antennas. The continuous availability of GPS, its unprecedented accuracy, and its capability to simultaneously support a virtually unlimited number of users with three-dimensional position, velocity and timing information have attracted numerous military and civilian users for GPS.[6]
  • 3d Space Operations Squadron
The squadron mission is to provide reliable space-borne communications for the National Command Authority, United States military and Allied forces. To fulfill its mission, it conducts day-to-day command and control for the Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) and the Wideband Global SATCOM. The Wideband Global SATCOM system initially operates with a combination of DSCS and Global Broadcast Service satellites. These systems provide secure high-rate data communications links to the President of the United States, United States Secretary of Defense, theater commanders and worldwide strategic and tactical forces.[7]
The squadron is responsible for command and control of the
Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The squadron also operated three geographically distributed Advanced Ground Mobile vehicles. At higher readiness levels and during exercises, squadron personnel deploy with United States Northern Command and United States Strategic Command to provide survivable, secure communications and command and control. Milstar has about 1500 terminals. As the Advanced Extremely High Frequency network becomes fully operational it will add 5000 additional terminals and serve forces from Canada, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.[8]
  • 50th Operations Support Squadron
The squadron mission is to manage and conduct training programs ensuring mission qualification and combat readiness of group personnel and personnel assigned to affiliated
Air Force Reserve units. It implements the wing Weapons and Tactics program, while overseeing space modernization and upgrades. It is also responsible for processing the daily Space Duty Order and maintaining crew force management records.[9]

History

World War II

Initial training and reinforcement of combat theaters

P-40s as flown by the group

The

Key Field, Mississippi, where it equipped with Curtiss P-40 Warhawks.[14]

Shortly after the

McClellan Field, California for winterization, and at the end of the month when the 11th was reassigned, none of its planes had left McClellan.[12][15]

No sooner had the 11th been replaced by the newly activated

313th Pursuit Squadron was activated and assigned.[17] At Key Field, the group mission was initially the transition training of new graduates of advanced flying training schools in fighter aircraft.[10][14]

Training and operational testing

While at Key Field, the unit was reassigned to the

air defense tactics to its training mission.[10]

Douglas P-70 in

Night fighter combat over the skies of England made the

Douglas P-70 Havocs.[19] The 81st was assigned the "daunting task" of training sufficient crews to man seventeen night fighter squadrons within twelve months, initially " [w]ith no trained instructor pilots or radar operators, no aircraft, no radar, and no communications equipment".[20] The original night fighter crews were recruited from 27 pilots from the group who were qualified to fly twin-engine aircraft. They attended transition training school at Williams Field, Arizona before returning to Florida.[21]

By the end of September, the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics Night Fighter Department was activated and the 81st Fighter Squadron was detached from the 50th Group and placed under the Department for training and operations.[20] In October 1942, the personnel and equipment of the 81st squadron provided the manpower and equipment for the newly formed 348th and 349th Night Fighter Squadrons, and the squadron was remanned.[14]

In late March 1943, the group moved to

445th Fighter Squadron, which was activated at Orlando.[22] The dispersed squadrons of the group often operated from unprepared airfields, testing the logistics needed to keep aircraft operating in a theater of operations.[23]

In January 1944, the group's squadrons returned to Orlando as the group began to prepare for its own deployment overseas. The group assumed the look of a typical three squadron fighter group in February when the 445th Squadron moved to

Hammer Field, California.[24]

European Theater of Operations

81st Fighter Squadron P-47D at Carentan Airfield (A-10), France, Summer 1944.[note 4]

The group departed for the European theater in the middle of March 1944, leaving its Mustangs behind and arriving at its first overseas station,

IX Air Support Command and its squadrons were assigned fuselage codes T5 (10th), 2N (81st) and W3 (313th).[25] Lymington was a temporary airfield and a prototype for the type of temporary advanced landing grounds which would be built in France after D-Day, when the need for advanced landing fields would become urgent as the Allied forces moved east across France and Germany. Tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums, along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting.[26]

The group began operations by making a fighter sweep over France on 1 May. It engaged primarily in escort and

Advanced Landing Ground at Carentan, France on 25 June.[2]

Once established on the continent, the 50th attacked bridges, roads, vehicles, railways, trains, gun emplacements, and

Mediterranean Theater of Operations following Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France.[2][28] The group assisted in stemming the German offensive in the Saar-Hardt area early in January 1945. The 50th engaged in the offensive that reduced the Colmar Pocket in January and February and supported the drive that breached the Siegfried Line and resulted in the movement of Allied forces into southern Germany in March and April.[2]

In early 1945, the group participated in

ammunition dumps.[2] The 50th received a second Distinguished Unit Citation for a mission on 25 April 1945 when, despite intense flak the group destroyed or damaged many enemy aircraft on an airfield southeast of Munich.[2]

313th Fighter Squadron P-47 Thunderbolt landing at Toul/Ochey Airfield[note 5]

50th Fighter Group

Aerial Victories Number Note
Group Hq 0
10th Fighter Squadron 11 [30]
81st Fighter Squadron 26 [31]
313th Fighter Squadron 14 [32]
Group Total 51

The group ended operations at

La Junta Army Air Field, Colorado, where it was inactivated on 7 November 1945.[2]

Air Force Reserve

33d Fighter Group F-84Cs at Otis AFB
Main article:
50th Fighter-Interceptor Wing

The May 1949

33d Fighter Group of First Air Force.[3][34] It was originally equipped with the F-51 Mustang which, as the P-51, had formed part of the group's equipment prior to 1944.[34]

In January 1950, the group was redesignated 50th Fighter-Interceptor Group. Training activity included participating in portions of the 33rd Group's

Lockheed T-33 T-Birds, Republic F-84 Thunderjets and North American F-86 Sabres. The group was ordered to active service on 1 June 1951 due to the Korean War, and its personnel and equipment were reassigned as replacements to active duty units and the 50th group was inactivated the next day.[34]

Reactivation in the Regular Air Force

Main article:
50th Fighter-Bomber Wing
F-51 Mustangs of the 140th Fighter-Bomber Group
417th Fighter-Bomber Squadron Sabres at Clovis AFB

On 1 January 1953, the group became the 50th Fighter-Bomber Group and was reactivated as part of

140th Fighter-Bomber Group of the Colorado Air National Guard, which was simultaneously released from active duty and returned to state control.[note 7][35][36]

The 140th had been training with Mustangs at Clovis for little over a year, but before long, the group replaced its Mustangs with jet-powered F-86F Sabres. The conversion to the Sabre continued through the spring and early summer of 1953, as crews and maintenance personnel became familiar the Sabre. Once training levels for pilots and ground crews had reached operational levels, the 50th began preparations for its move to Europe.[37]

The 50th deployed to Hahn on 10 August 1953, in a movement titled Operation Fox Able 20. The ground echelon of the wing sailed from Galveston, Texas, to Bremerhaven, West Germany aboard the USS General M. B. Stewart (AP-140). It traveled by rail to its new home at Hahn, arriving in August 1953.[37]

United States Air Forces in Europe

417th Fighter-Bomber Squadron F-86F Sabres over Germany[note 8]
81st Fighter-Bomber Squadron F-86H[note 9]

The original construction of

French Zone of Occupation, but negotiations between the French and Americans had allowed for the stationing of American troops in the French Zone. Construction was completed by the Americans and by May 1953, Hahn was ready to receive a fighter wing.[38]

On Arriving at Hahn, the group participated in Exercise Monte Carlo, a staged combat employment drill to illustrate the capability of

air-to-air combat and ground attack skills. The F-86F crews of 50th scored higher in both the air-to-air and the air-to-ground events than any other unit assigned to Twelfth Air Force.[39]

By 1955, USAFE began an annual, command-wide aerial gunnery competition at the Wheelus ranges. During the first such event, held 30 July 1955, the pilots of 50th Group took top honors in the command. Three months later the group began modernizing its Sabre fleet. The first F-86H Sabre arrived at Hahn on 21 October 1955. Conversion continued throughout the winter of 1955 and spring of 1956, ending in May.[39]

New aircraft would not be the only change for the personnel of the 50th, however. With the conversion to the newer F-86H nearly complete, the 50th Fighter-Bomber Wing began a move to Toul-Rosières Air Base, France. The 50th Group's 417th Fighter-Bomber Squadron was the first squadron to relocate, moving to France on 15 April 1956.. The group and the 10th and 81st Squadrons joined the 417th in mid-July. The group was mission-ready at Toul by 1 August. Almost immediately, USAFE chose the 50th to represent the command at the Air Force Fighter Weapons Meet at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. The group's team was led by the commander of the 417th, Lt. Col. Chuck Yeager.[40]

The group continued training and participating in various air defense exercises until 8 December 1957, when the group's squadrons, were reassigned directly to the 50th Fighter-Bomber Wing, which converted to the dual deputy organization model, with a deputy wing commander for operations and staff replacing the group headquarters.[41]

Satellite operations

Main article: 50th Space Wing
Defense Space Communications System-3 satellite

The group activated at

Operation Restore Hope, the United Nations supervised operation to provide security for humanitarian efforts in Somalia.[48]

The group continued to add squadrons as it accepted responsibility for more satellite systems.

Onizuka Air Force Base and assigned to the group. The squadron was responsible for the Defense Satellite Communications II and NATO IV communications satellite systems.[10][50][51] These older systems were transferred to the 5th from the 3d Space Operations Squadron so that the 3d could concentrate on newer systems.[52] With the obsolescence of the two systems, the remaining Defense Satellite Communications System II was transferred to a commercial company and the 5th was inactivated in June 2000.[50][53]

On 30 September 1998 the group's 6th Space Operations Squadron was inactivated at Offutt as the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) was transferred to the

Air Force Reserve to serve as a backup for the DMSP mission.[47][49]

In June 1999, the

23d Space Operations Squadrons were assigned to the group.[53] In a realignment of the 50th Space Wing in March 2004, they were transferred to the 50th Network Operations Group.[54]

During the

War in Iraq the group's squadrons provided surveillance and communications support for coalition forces and devised improvements for the GPS system to improve targeting accuracy in the theater.[53]

Lineage

  • Constituted as the 50th Pursuit Group (Interceptor) on 20 November 1940
Activated on 15 January 1941
Redesignated: 50th Fighter Group on 15 May 1942
Redesignated: 50th Fighter Group (Special) on 28 May 1942
Redesignated: 50th Fighter Group (Single Engine) on 21 January 1944
Inactivated on 7 November 1945
  • Activated in the Reserve on 1 June 1949
Redesignated 50th Fighter-Interceptor Group on 1 May 1950
Ordered to active service on 1 June 1951
Inactivated on 2 June 1951
  • Redesignated 50th Fighter-Bomber Group on 15 November 1952
Activated on 1 January 1953
Inactivated on 8 December 1957
  • Redesignated: 50th Tactical Fighter Group on 31 July 1985 (remained inactive)
Redesignated: 50th Operations Group on 1 January 1992
Activated on 30 January 1992[55]

Assignments

Components

Space Operations Squadrons
  • 1st Space Operations Squadron: 30 January 1992 – present
  • 2d Space Operations Squadron: 30 January 1992 – present
  • 3d Space Operations Squadron: 30 January 1992 – present
  • 4th Space Operations Squadron: 30 April 1992 – present
  • 5th Space Operations Squadron: 22 November 1993 – 13 June 2000
Onizuka Air Force Base, California[50]
  • 6th Space Operations Squadron: 31 July 1992 – 30 September 1998
Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska[47]
Onizuka Air Force Base (later Onizuka Air Station), California[56]
  • 22d Space Operations Squadron
    : 2 June 1999 – 10 March 2004
  • 23d Space Operations Squadron: 3 June 1999 – 10 March 2004[55]
New Boston Air Force Station, New Hampshire[57]
Fighter Squadrons
Support Squadrons

Stations

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Distinguished Unit Citation
 13 March 1945 – 20 March 1945 50th Fighter Group, European Theater[10]
Distinguished Unit Citation
 25 April 1945 50th Fighter Group, Germany[10]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
 1 October 1998 – 30 September 2000 50th Operations Group[10]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 October 2000 – 1 October 2001 50th Operations Group[10]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 October 2001 – 1 October 2002 50th Operations Group[10]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 2 October 2002 – 2 October 2003 50th Operations Group[10]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 October 2007 – 30 September 2009 50th Operations Group[10]
Cited in the Order of the Day, Belgian Army 6 June 1944 – 30 September 1944 50th Fighter Group[10]
Campaign/Service Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
American Theater without inscription 7 December 1941 – 13 March 1944 50th Fighter Group[10]
Air Offensive, Europe 5 April 1944 – 5 June 1944 50th Fighter Group[10]
Normandy 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 50th Fighter Group[10]
Northern France 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 50th Fighter Group[10]
Rhineland 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 50th Fighter Group[10]
Ardennes-Alsace 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 50th Fighter Group[10]
Central Europe 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 50th Fighter Group[10]

Aircraft

List of commanders

  • Col Marvin G. Matthews, 30 January 1992 – 22 February 1993;[61]
  • Col Gregory L. Gilles, 22 February 1993 – 16 June 1993
  • Col William L. Shelton, 16 June 1993 – 14 July 1994
  • Col Rodney P. Liesveld, 14 July 1994 – 17 May 1996
  • Col Joseph Wysocki, 17 May 1996 – 3 June 1998
  • Col Robert M. Worley II, 3 June 1998 – 16 June 2000
  • Col Diann Latham, 16 June 2000 – 1 July 2002
  • Col David W. Ziegler, 1 July 2002 – 21 June 2004
  • Col J. Kevin McLaughlin, 21 June 2004 – 9 June 2006
  • Col
    Clinton E. Crosier
    , 9 June 2006 – 15 July 2008
  • Col Stanford K. Kekauoha, 15 July 2008 – 1 July 2010
  • Col John E. Shaw, 1 July 2010 – 1 July 2010
  • Col Tommy A. Roberts, 10 July 2012 – July 2014
  • Col Dennis Bythewood, July 2014 – 27 June 2016
  • Col Toby Doran, 27 June 2016 – 15 June 2018
  • Col Laurel Walsh, 15 June 2018 – 16 June 2020
  • Col Matthew E. Holston, 16 June 2020 – 24 July 2020

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ The group uses the wing emblem with the group designation in the scroll. Robertson, AFHRA Factsheet, 50 Operations Group.
  2. ^ Emblem approved for the wing. Robertson, AFHRA Factsheet, 50 Space Wing.
  3. Cross City Army Air Field, the 313th at Keystone Army Air Field
    and the 445th at Orlando, all in Florida. Saunders, p. 2.
  4. ^ Aircraft is P-47D Thunderbolt 42-25904
  5. ^ December 1944. The red nose was the Mediterranean Theater of Operations recognition marking for aircraft of the 1st Tactical Air Force, to which the 50th was assigned during the last seven months of the European Campaign.
  6. ^ Although the 417th was not one of the 50th's original units, the squadron had been stationed with the group at AAF Giebelstadt, Germany, during the final days of World War II.
  7. ^ The 50th's squadrons similarly replaced squadrons of the Colorado, Utah and Wyoming Air National Guard.
  8. ^ Aircraft are F-86F-30-NA Sabres. Serial 52-4656 leading.
  9. ^ Aircraft is North American F-86H-10-NH Sabre Serial 53-1418
  10. ^ In addition to the listed aircraft, the group's 445th Squadron operated at least 16 different types of planes in 1943 and 1944 in performing its operational test mission. Maurer, Combat Squadrons., p. 551; Saunders, p. 2.
Citations
  1. ^ "Space Force begins transition into field organizational structure".
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 110–111
  3. ^ a b Ravenstein, pp. 81–82
  4. ^ a b c d "Factsheet: 50th Operations Group". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 17 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  5. ^ "Factsheets:Detachment 1, 50th Operations Group". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 25 November 2013. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  6. ^ "Factsheets:2nd Space Operations Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 15 August 2013. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  7. ^ "Factsheets:3rd Space Operations Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  8. ^ "Factsheets:4th Space Operations Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 21 August 2015. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  9. ^ a b "Factsheets:50th Operations Support Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Robertson, Patsy (20 November 2008). "Factsheet 50 Operations Group (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  11. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 56–57
  12. ^ a b c Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 61–62
  13. ^ a b Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 65–66
  14. ^ a b c d e f "Abstract, History 50 Fighter Group 15 Jan 1941-8 Mar 1944". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  15. ^ Goss, p. 303
  16. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 283–285
  17. ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 380–381
  18. ^ Goss, p. 275
  19. ^ a b c Saunders, p. 1
  20. ^ a b MacFarland, p. 17
  21. ^ MacFarland, p. 18
  22. ^ a b Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 551
  23. ^ a b c Saunders, p. 2
  24. ^ MacFarland, p. 20
  25. ^ Watkins, pp. 22–23
  26. ^ Freeman[page needed]
  27. ^ Saunders, p. 3
  28. ^ Maurer, Combat Units, p. 430
  29. ^ "Abstract, History 50 Fighter Group Feb 1945". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  30. ^ Newton & Senning, p. 533
  31. ^ Newton & Senning, pp. 574–575
  32. ^ Newton & Senning, p. 594
  33. ^ Cantwell, p. 73
  34. ^ a b c Saunders, pp. 4–5
  35. ^ Saunders, p. 6
  36. ^ Mueller, p. 61
  37. ^ a b Saunders, pp. 6–7
  38. ^ Saunders, pp. 5–6
  39. ^ a b Saunders, p. 8
  40. ^ Saunders, p. 9
  41. ^ Saunders, p. 10
  42. ^ Saunders, p. 29
  43. ^ Robertson, Patsy (6 September 2012). "Factsheet 1 Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  44. ^ Robertson, Patsy (29 January 2015). "Factsheet 2 Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  45. ^ Robertson, Patsy (6 September 2012). "Factsheet 3 Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  46. ^ Robertson, Patsy (1 December 2008). "Factsheet 4 Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  47. ^ a b c Kane, Robert B. (27 December 2010). "Factsheet 6 Space Operations Squadron (AFRC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  48. ^ Saunders, p. 31
  49. ^ a b Saunders, p. 32
  50. ^ a b c Robertson, Patsy (26 February 2008). "Factsheet 5 Expeditionary Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  51. ^ "5th Space Operations Squadron (5 SOPS)". GlobalSecurity.com. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  52. ^ "The Outer Space Connection: Space Command". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  53. ^ a b c Saunders, p. 33
  54. ^ Saunders, p. 35
  55. ^ a b c d e f Lineage, including assignments, components, stations and aircraft in Robertson, AFHRA 50th Operations Group Factsheet, except as noted. Stations are given for units not stationed with group headquarters.
  56. ^ "Factsheet 21 Space Operations Squadron". Air Force Historical Research Agency. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  57. ^ "Factsheet 23rd Space Operations Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  58. ^ Station number in Anderson
  59. ^ a b c d e f g Station numbers in Johnson
  60. ^ Robertson, Patsy (20 November 2008). "Factsheet 50 Space Wing (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 5 April 2014.
  61. ^ "50 Network Operations Group (AFSPC)".

Bibliography

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

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