al-Tughra'i
Al-Tughra'i | |
|---|---|
| Born | Mu'ayyad al-Din Abu Isma'il al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Samad al-Du'ali al-Kināni al-Tughra'i c. 1061 Isfahan, Persia |
| Died | c. 1121 |
| Occupation | Poet, Alchemist, Administrative Secretary |
| Language | Arabic |
| Nationality | Persian |
| Notable works | Mafatih al-Rahmah wa-Masabih al-Hikmah, Kitab Haqa'iq al-Istishhad |
Mu'ayyad al-Din Abu Isma'il al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Samad al-Du'ali al-Kināni al-Tughra'i (
alchemist.[1]
Biography
Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Tughra'i was born in
Seljuq Empire.[2]
Al-Tughra'i had been appointed vizir to Emir Ghiyat-ul-Din Mas'ud, and upon the death of the emir a power struggle ensued between Mas'ud's sons. Al-Tughra'i sided with the emir's elder son, but the younger prevailed. In retribution, the younger son accused al-Tughra'i of heresy and had him beheaded.[2]
Writings
Al-Tughra'i was a well-known and prolific writer on
Arabic translations from Zosimos of Panopolis's old alchemy treatises written in Greek, which were until 1995 erroneously attributed to unknown alchemists by mistakes and inconsistencies in the transliteration and transcription of his name into Arabic.[3]
In 1112 CE, al-Tughra'i also composed Kitab Haqa'iq al-istishhad, a rebuttal of a refutation of the occult in alchemy written by
Ibn Sina
.
See also
- List of Iranian scientists
- List of Muslim scientists
References
- ^ Donzel 1994, p. 457.
- ^ a b Peacock 2013, p. 86.
- ^ El Khadem 1996, p. 168-178.
Sources
- Peacock, A.C.S. (2013). "'Imad al-Din al-Isfahani's Nusrat al-fatra, Seljuq politics and Ayyubid origins". In Hillenbrand, Robert; Peacock, A. C. S.; Abdullaeva, Firuza (eds.). Ferdowsi, the Mongols and the History of Iran: Art, Literature and Culture from Early Islam to Qajar Persia. I.B. Tauris.
- El Khadem, H. S. (1996). "A Translation of a Zosimos' Text in an Arabic Alchemy Book" (PDF). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 84 (3): 168–178. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
- Donzel, E. J. van (1994). Islamic Desk Reference. BRILL. p. 457. ISBN 978-90-04-09738-4.
Further reading
For his life, see:
- F. C. de Blois, 'al-Tughra'i' in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, ed. by H. A. R. Gibb, B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat, C. Bosworth et al., 11 vols. (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960–2002), vol. 10, pp. 599–600.
For a list of his alchemical writings, see:
- Manfred Ullmann, Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam, Handbuch der Orientalistik, Abteilung I, Ergänzungsband VI, Abschnitt 2 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1972), pp 229–231 and 252–3.
- For details about Zosimos of Panopolis translations, see: El Khadem, H. S. (September 1996). "A Translation of a Zosimos' Text in an Arabic Alchemy Book" (PDF). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 84 (3): 168–178. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
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