Erdut Agreement
Basic Agreement on the Region of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium | |
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Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia | |
Type | Peace agreement |
Signed | 12 November 1995[1] |
Location | Erdut, Croatia |
Signatories |
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Parties | |
Full text | |
Erdut Agreement at Wikisource |
History of Slavonia |
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The Erdut Agreement (
The signers were
The territory of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium had previously been controlled by the RSK, and before that by the
Background
In 1995 mini
Rump and geographically separated territory of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (commonly known as Eastern Slavonia) remained the only part of Croatia under Serb control. Contrary to Krajina, Eastern Slavonia shared a long border with the Republic of Serbia. It was also economically and socially dependent and politically much more closely aligned with authorities in Belgrade and Novi Sad than Krajina.[5] This led the international community to believe that Croatian intervention in Eastern Slavonia would trigger a military reaction from Yugoslavia and result in an escalation of hostilities.[6] At the same time, the military defeat at Krajina and signing of the Washington Agreement opened the space to resolve the armed conflict in Bosnia which the US Administration wanted to use as political ammunition before the 1996 United States presidential election.[7] Croatia conditioned its participation at the Dayton Peace Conference on the resolution of conflict in Eastern Slavonia, while international community insisted on avoidance of any new major escalation of Yugoslav crisis. This created conditions in which peaceful resolution was preferred or acceptable to all parties concerned.
Agreement history
As a part of his Bosnia peace efforts
"There must be a long-term plan for resolving the situation in Eastern Slavonia ... based on Croatian sovereignty and the principles of the Z-4 Plan (e.g. Serb home rule, the right of refugees to return, and the other guarantees for Serbs who live there)."[1]
Despite
Provisions
Return of refugees
United Nations Transitional Administration was requested to ensure the possibility for the return of refugees and displaced persons to their homes of origin. The same rights were to be enjoyed both to those who have left the region or those who have come to the region from other parts of Croatia.
Inter-communal power sharing
Joint Implementation Committees formed both by local Croat and Serb communities assisted the UNTAES in governing the region. Local police forces were organized to have equal number of ethnic Croats and ethnic Serbs plus additional smaller numbers of personnel from all the other communities in the region.
Minority rights provisions
The agreement itself and subsequent developments and commitments during the UNTAES mandate represent the basis on which numerous minority institutions operate today. Establishment of the
International impact
In February 2020, the Erdut Agreement was quoted as a precedent for and a comparable case by
See also
- police chief from Osijek during SFR Yugoslavia known for his peacemakinginitiatives)
- Dayton Agreement (Erdut Agreement was major precondition for the 1995 conference)
- Croatia–Serbia border dispute
- Croatia–Serbia genocide case
- 1997 Eastern Slavonia integrity referendum
References
- ^ ISBN 0-521-86042-3.
- ^ Agreement has four signatures: Šarinić, Milanović, Galbraith, and Stoltenberg
- ^ "Former U.S. Ambassadors to Croatia - Embassy of the United States". Zagreb, Croatia. 28 June 1993. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ISBN 2763780199.
- Goldsmiths College. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ISBN 0874368928.
- ISBN 0-275-96259-8.
- ^ Nina Caspersen. "Human Rights in Territorial Peace Agreements". Whiterose.
- ^ Тимошенко, Денис (19 February 2020). "Эрдутское соглашение в Хорватии во многом напоминает Минск-2 – Левченко о совместном патрулировании на Донбассе". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
Sources
- Albert Bing (October 2008). "Sjedinjene Američke Države i reintegracija hrvatskog Podunavlja" [The United States of America and the reintegration of the Croatian Danube Region]. Scrinia Slavonica (in Croatian). 8 (1). Slavonski Brod: Croatian Institute of History. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
External links
- Full text of Erdut Agreement, UN Peacemaker (in English, French, Chinese, Arabic, Russian and Spanish)