List of birds of Vieques
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (July 2010) |
This is a list of birds recorded in the island of
There are a total of 196 species recorded from the island of Vieques as of July 2022, according to Bird Checklists of the World.
This list is presented in the
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories of occurrence:
- (A) Accidental
- (I) Introduced
- (Ex) Extirpated
Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
West Indian whistling-duck
|
Dendrocygna arborea | |
Canada goose | Branta canadensis | (A) |
Blue-winged teal | Spatula discors | |
Northern shoveler | Spatula clypeata | (A) |
American wigeon | Mareca americana | (A) |
White-cheeked pintail | Anas bahamensis | |
Lesser scaup | Aythya affinis | (A) |
Red-breasted merganser | Mergus serrator | (A) |
Masked duck | Nomonyx dominicus | (A) |
Ruddy duck | Oxyura jamaicensis |
Guineafowl
Order:
Guineafowls are a group of African seed-eating, ground-nesting birds resembling partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled gray plumage.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Helmeted guineafowl | Numida meleagris | (I) |
New World quail
Order:
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Northern bobwhite | Colinus virginianus | (Ex) |
Flamingos
Order:
Flamingos (genus Phoenicopterus monotypic in family Phoenicopteridae) are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
American flamingo | Phoenicopterus ruber | (A) |
Grebes
Order:
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Least grebe | Tachybaptus dominicus | |
Pied-billed grebe | Podilymbus podiceps |
Pigeons and doves
Order:
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Rock pigeon
|
Columba livia | (I) |
Scaly-naped pigeon | Patagioenas squamosa | |
White-crowned pigeon | Patagioenas leucocephala | |
Eurasian collared-dove
|
Streptopelia decaocto | (I) |
Common ground dove | Columbina passerina | |
Ruddy quail-dove | Geotrygon montana | |
Key West quail-dove | Geotrygon chrysia | |
Bridled quail-dove | Geotrygon mystacea | |
White-winged dove | Zenaida asiatica | |
Zenaida dove | Zenaida aurita | |
Mourning dove | Zenaida macroura |
Cuckoos
Order:
The family Cuculidae includes
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Smooth-billed ani | Crotophaga ani | |
Yellow-billed cuckoo | Coccyzus americanus | (A) |
Mangrove cuckoo | Coccyzus minor | |
Puerto Rican lizard-cuckoo
|
Saurothera vieilloti | (A) |
Nightjars and allies
Order:
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Antillean nighthawk | Chordeiles gundlachi | |
Chuck-will's-widow | Antrostomus carolinensis | (A) |
Swifts
Order:
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
White-collared swift | Streptoprocne zonaris | (A) |
Chimney swift | Chaetura pelagica | (A) |
Antillean palm swift | Tachornis phoenicobia | (A) |
Hummingbirds
Order:
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Puerto Rican mango | Anthracothorax aurulentus | (A) |
Green-throated carib | Eulampis holosericeus | |
Puerto Rican emerald | Riccordia maugaeus | |
Antillean crested hummingbird | Orthorhyncus cristatus |
Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order:
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Clapper rail | Rallus crepitans | |
Sora
|
Porzana carolina | (A) |
Common gallinule | Gallinula galeata | |
American coot | Fulica americana | |
Black rail | Laterallus jamaicensis | (A) |
Stilts and avocets
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Black-necked stilt | Himantopus mexicanus |
Oystercatchers
Order:
The
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
American oystercatcher | Haematopus palliatus |
Lapwings and plovers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Black-bellied plover
|
Squatarola squatarola | |
American golden-plover
|
Pluvialis dominica | (A) |
Wilson's plover | Charadrius wilsonia | |
Semipalmated plover | Charadrius semipulmatus | |
Piping plover | Charadrius melodus | (A) |
Killdeer | Charadrius vociferus |
Sandpipers and allies
Order:
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Whimbrel | Numenius phaeopus | (A) |
Hudsonian godwit | Limosa haemastica | (A) |
Ruddy turnstone | Arenaria interpres | |
Red knot | Calidris canutus | (A) |
Stilt sandpiper | Calidris himantopus | |
Sanderling | Calidris alba | |
Least sandpiper | Calidris minutilla | |
White-rumped sandpiper | Calidris fuscicollis | (A) |
Pectoral sandpiper | Calidris melanotos | (A) |
Semipalmated sandpiper | Calidris pusilla | (A) |
Western sandpiper | Calidris mauri | |
Short-billed dowitcher | Limnodromus griseus | |
Wilson's snipe | Gallinago delicata | (A) |
Spotted sandpiper | Actitis macularius | |
Solitary sandpiper | Tringa solitaria | (A) |
Greater yellowlegs | Tringa melanoleuca | |
Willet | Tringa semipalmata | (A) |
Lesser yellowlegs | Tringa flavipes |
Skuas and jaegers
Order:
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Parasitic jaeger | Stercorarius parasiticus | (A) |
Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 25–30 years.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Laughing gull | Leucophaeus atricilla | |
Herring gull | Larus argentatus | |
Lesser black-backed gull | Larus fuscus | (A) |
Brown noddy | Anous stolidus | |
Sooty tern | Onychoprion fuscatus | |
Bridled tern | Onychoprion anaethetus | |
Least tern | Sternula antillarum | |
Gull-billed tern | Gelochelidon nilotica | (A) |
Caspian tern | Hydroprogne caspia | (A) |
Roseate tern | Sterna dougallii | |
Common tern | Sterna hirundo | |
Forster's tern | Sterna forsteri | (A) |
Royal tern | Thalasseus maximus | |
Sandwich tern | Thalasseus sandvicensis | (A) |
Black skimmer | Rynchops niger | (A) |
Tropicbirds
Order:
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
White-tailed tropicbird | Phaethon lepturus | |
Red-billed tropicbird | Phaethon aethereus |
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The Procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Cory's shearwater | Calonectris diomedea | (A) |
Storks
Order:
Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Wood stork | Mycteria americana | (A) |
Frigatebirds
Order:
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Magnificent frigatebird | Fregata magnificens |
Boobies and gannets
Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies with only boobies occurring in Vieques. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Masked booby | Sula dactylatra | |
Brown booby | Sula leucogaster |
Cormorants and shags
Order:
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration is varied with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being quite colorful.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Double-crested cormorant | Nannopterum auritum | (A) |
Pelicans
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
American white pelican | Pelecanus erythrorhynchos | (A) |
Brown pelican | Pelecanus occidentalis |
Bitterns, herons and egrets
Order:
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Least bittern | Ixobrychus exilis | |
Great blue heron | Ardea herodias | |
Great egret | Egretta alba | |
Snowy egret | Egretta thula | |
Little blue heron | Egretta caerulea | |
Tricolored heron | Egretta tricolor | |
Reddish egret | Egretta rufescens | (A) |
Cattle egret | Bubulcus ibis | |
Green heron | Butorides virescens | |
Black-crowned night heron | Nycticorax nycticorax | |
Yellow-crowned night heron | Nyctanassa violacea |
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Scarlet ibis | Eudocimus ruber | (A) |
Glossy ibis | Plegadis falcinellus | (A) |
New World vultures
Order:
The
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Turkey vulture | Cathartes aura | (I) |
Osprey
Order:
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is a medium large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Osprey | Pandion haliaetus |
Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Swallow-tailed kite | Elanoides forficatus | (A) |
Northern harrier | Circus hudsonius | (A) |
Broad-winged hawk | Buteo platypterus | |
Red-tailed hawk | Buteo jamaicensis |
Owls
Order:
The
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Short-eared owl | Asio flammeus |
Kingfishers
Order:
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Belted kingfisher | Megaceryle alcyon |
Woodpeckers
Order:
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Yellow-bellied sapsucker | Sphyrapicus varius | (A) |
Puerto Rican woodpecker | Melanerpes portoricensis |
Falcons and caracaras
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
American kestrel | Falco sparverius | |
Merlin | Falco columbarius | (A) |
Peregrine falcon | Falco peregrinus | (A) |
New World and African parrots
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Monk parakeet | Myiopsitta monachus | (I) |
Puerto Rican parrot
|
Amazona vittata | (Ex) |
Brown-throated parakeet | Eupsittula pertinax | (Ex) |
Tyrant flycatchers
Order:
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Caribbean elaenia | Elaenia martinica | |
Puerto Rican flycatcher | Miarchus antillarum | |
Gray kingbird
|
Tyrannus dominicensis | |
Loggerhead kingbird | Tyrannus caudifasciatus | |
Scissor-tailed flycatcher | Tyrannus caudifasciatus | (A) |
Fork-tailed flycatcher | Tyrannus caudifasciatus | (A) |
Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis
Order:
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
White-eyed vireo | Vireo griseus | (A) |
Yellow-throated vireo | Vireo flavifrons | (A) |
Red-eyed vireo | Vireo olivaceus | |
Black-whiskered vireo | Vireo altiloquus |
Swallows
Order:
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Northern rough-winged swallow | Stelgidopteryx serripennis | (A) |
Caribbean martin | Progne dominicensis | |
Bank swallow
|
Riparia riparia | (A) |
Barn swallow | Hirundo rustica | |
Cliff swallow
|
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota | (A) |
Cave swallow | Petrochelidon fulva |
Starlings
Order:
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are medium-sized passerines with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
European starling
|
Sturnus vulgaris | (A) |
Mockingbirds and thrashers
Order:
The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes
Common name | Status | |
---|---|---|
Gray catbird | Dumetella carolinensis | (A) |
Pearly-eyed thrasher | Margarops fuscatus | |
Northern mockingbird | Mimus polyglottos |
Thrushes and allies
Order:
The Thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Common name | Status | |
---|---|---|
Bicknell's thrush | Catharus bicknelli | (A) |
Red-legged thrush | Turdus plumbeus | (A) |
Weavers and allies
Order:
Weavers are a group of small passerine birds related to the finches. These are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills, most of which breed in sub-Saharan Africa, with fewer species in tropical Asia. Weavers get their name from the large woven nests many species make. They are gregarious birds which often breed colonially.
Common name | Status | |
---|---|---|
Northern red bishop | Euplectes franciscanus | (A) |
Waxbills and allies
Order:
The
Common name | Species | Status | |
---|---|---|---|
Bronze mannikin | Spermestes cucullata | (I) | |
Scaly-breasted munia | Lonchura punctulata | (I) |
Whydahs
Order:
The Viduidae is a family of small passerine birds native to
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Pin-tailed whydah | Vidua macroura | (I) |
Old World sparrows
Order:
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
House sparrow | Passer domesticus | (I) |
Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order:
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Puerto Rican euphonia[3] | Chlorophonia sclateri | (Ex) |
New World sparrows
Order:
New World sparrows are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Most of the species in this family are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many species have distinctive head patterns.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Grasshopper sparrow | Ammodramus savannarum |
Spindalises
Order:
The members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. They were formerly classified as tanagers but were placed in their own family in 2017.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Puerto Rican spindalis | Spindalis portoricensis | (A) |
Troupials and allies
Order:
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Bobolink | Dolichonyx oryzivorus | (A) |
Baltimore oriole | Icterus galbula | (A) |
Yellow-shouldered blackbird | Agelaius xanthomus | (A) |
Shiny cowbird | Molothrus bonariensis | |
Brown-headed cowbird | Molothrus ater | (A) |
Greater Antillean grackle | Quiscalus niger |
New World warblers
Order:
The New World warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Ovenbird | Seiurus aurocapilla | |
Worm-eating warbler | Helmitheros vermivorum | (A) |
Louisiana waterthrush | Parkesia motacilla | (A) |
Northern waterthrush | Parkesia novaboracensis | |
Black-and-white warbler | Mniotilta varia | |
Prothonotary warbler | Protonotaria citrea | (A) |
Tennessee warbler | Leiothlypis peregrina | (A) |
Connecticut warbler | Oporornis agilis | (A) |
Mourning warbler | Geothlypis philadelphia | (A) |
Kentucky warbler | Geothlypis formosa | (A) |
Common yellowthroat | Geothlypis trichas | |
Hooded warbler | Setophaga citrina | (A) |
American redstart | Setophaga ruticilla | |
Cape May warbler | Setophaga tigrina | |
Northern parula | Setophaga americana | |
Magnolia warbler | Setophaga magnolia | (A) |
Blackburnian warbler | Setophaga fusca | (A) |
Yellow warbler | Setophaga petechia | |
Blackpoll warbler | Setophaga striata | |
Black-throated blue warbler | Setophaga caerulescens | (A) |
Palm warbler | Setophaga palmarum | (A) |
Pine warbler | Setophaga pinus | (A) |
Yellow-rumped warbler | Setophaga coronata | (A) |
Yellow-throated warbler | Setophaga dominica | (A) |
Prairie warbler | Setophaga discolor | |
Adelaide's warbler | Setophaga adelaidae | |
Black-throated green warbler | Setophaga virens | (A) |
Canada warbler | Cardellina canadensis | (A) |
Cardinals and allies
Order:
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Scarlet tanager | Piranga olivacea | (A) |
Rose-breasted grosbeak | Pheucticus ludovicianus | (A) |
Indigo bunting | Passerina cyanea | (A) |
Tanagers and allies
Order:
The bananaquit is a small passerine bird. It has a slender, curved bill, adapted to taking nectar from flowers. It is the only member of the genus Coereba (Vieillot, 1809) and is normally placed within the family Thraupidae.
Common name | Species | Status |
---|---|---|
Bananaquit | Coereba flaveola | |
Yellow-faced grassquit | Tiaris olivaceus | |
Lesser Antillean bullfinch | Loxigilla noctis | (A) |
Black-faced grassquit | Melanospiza bicolor |
See also
- List of birds
- Lists of birds by region
- List of endemic fauna of Puerto Rico
- List of birds of Puerto Rico
References
- ^ Lepage, Denis (March 13, 2021). "Checklist of Birds of Vieques". Avibase bird checklists of the world. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
- ^ Chesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, B. E. Hernández-Baños, R. A. Jiménez, A. W. Kratter, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., D. F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2022. Check-list of North American Birds (online). American Ornithological Society. (July 29, 2022). "Check-list of North and Middle American Birds". American Ornithological Society. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Wetmore reported the introduction of 40 individuals to the island in 1910 but apparently the population disappeared before 1916.
- Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: A Checklist. Cornell University Press. p. 880. ISBN 0-934797-16-1.
- Sorrié, Bruce A. (June 1975). "Observations on the Birds of Vieques Island, Puerto Rico" (PDF). Caribbean Journal of Science. 15 (1–2): 89–103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2006-05-20.
- "Vieques Birdlist". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the originalon September 4, 2006. Retrieved May 21, 2006.
- Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists – Martin Collinson, British Birds vol 99 (June 2006), 306–323