Mahmud Pasha Angelović
Mahmud Angelović Zaganos Pasha | |
---|---|
Succeeded by | Rum Mehmed Pasha |
Personal details | |
Born | 1420 |
Mahmud Pasha Angelović (
Born in the Serbian Despotate, he was a descendant of the Byzantine
Origin and early life
After the
It is estimated that Angelović was born in the early 1420s.
According to Tahsin Yazıcı, Angelović was "born to a Greek or Serbian family".[9] Dejan Djokić stated that Angelović was born "to a Serb mother and a Greek refugee father – no less than son of the last Angeloi ruler of Thessaly who had emigrated to Serbia in the late fourteenth century".[10]
Chalkokondyles mentions that Angelović was captured by Ottoman horsemen while travelling with his mother from Novo Brdo to
Little is known about his activities before 1453. According to T. Stavrides, Angelović and his companions were educated in the palace, probably as
Life
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Golubac_Fortress_hamam_02.jpg/200px-Golubac_Fortress_hamam_02.jpg)
Mahmud Pasha was a capable soldier. After distinguishing himself at the
In 1458, the Serbian Despot Lazar Branković died. Mahmud's brother Mihailo became member of a collective regency, but he was soon deposed by the anti-Ottoman and pro-Hungarian faction in the Serbian court. In reaction, Mahmud attacked and seized Smederevo Fortress, although the citadel held out, and seized some additional strongholds in its vicinity. Threatened by a possible Hungarian intervention however he was forced to withdraw south and join the forces of Sultan Mehmed II at Skopje.[19] In 1461, he accompanied Mehmed in his campaign against the Empire of Trebizond, the last surviving fragment of the Byzantine Empire. Mahmud negotiated the surrender of the city of Trebizond with the protovestiarios, the scholar George Amiroutzes, who was also his cousin.[20]
In 1463, Mahmud led the invasion and conquest of the Kingdom of Bosnia, even though a peace treaty between Bosnia and the Ottomans had just been renewed. He captured the Bosnian king, Stephen Tomašević, at Ključ, and obtained from him the cession of the country to the Empire.[19]
Angelović accompanied Mehmed II when he attacked
Mahmud was dismissed in 1468 due to the machinations of his successor, Rum Mehmed Pasha, ostensibly due to irregularities regarding the resettlement of the Karamanids in Constantinople following the conquest of Karaman earlier in that year.[23] He was reinstated in 1472, but his relations with the Sultan were now strained. Mahmud was fired and executed in 1474. The cause was the suspicion that he was involved in the sudden death of Şehzade Mustafa, the favorite son of Sultan Mehmed II. It was said that Şehzade Mustafa had an affair with Mahmud's wife, Selçuk Hatun (sister of Hatice Hatun, the youngest consort of Mehmed II), and that Mahmud poisoned him for it. Mahmud denied it but, even without proof, Mehmed II still decided to execute him.[24]
Literary output
Mahmud Pasha wrote works in
Family
He married Selçuk Hatun, daughter of
References
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 311.
- ISBN 9780253008749.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 311 "Mahmud Pasha's Pseudonym – According to all indications, the pseudonym (mahlas) used by Mahmud Pasha when writing poetry was Adni (the Eden-like) and this is indicated by most sources, most particularly Asik Celebi and Sehi Beg, who ..."
- ^ Babinger 1992, p. 476 "With the possible exception of the grand vizier Mahmud Pasha, who under the pseudonym of Adni wrote Persian and Ottoman Turkish rhymes, the period offers no further poets of above-average quality. Among the poets it seems fitting to mention as ..."
- ^ a b c Stavrides 2001, p. 77.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, pp. 73–74, 76–77.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, pp. 78–93.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, pp. 93–100.
- ^ a b c d Yazici 1983, p. 470.
- ISBN 978-1-107-02838-8.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 107.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 108.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 108–110.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, pp. 108–109.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 110.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 111–112.
- ^ Finkel 2006, p. 78
- ^ Finkel 2006, pp. 78–79, 559, 560.
- ^ a b Finkel 2006, p. 60.
- ^ Finkel 2006, p. 62
- ^ Stavrides 2001, pp. 163, 164.
- ^ Stavrides 2001, p. 164.
- ^ Finkel 2006, pp. 78–79.
- ^ Finkel 2006, p. 79
Sources
- OCLC 716361786.
- Finkel, Caroline (2006). Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-6112-2.
- Stavrides, Théoharis (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelovic (1453–1474). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-12106-5.
- Tekindağ, Şehabeddin (2003). "Mahmud Paşa" (PDF). İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Vol. 27 (Kütahya Mevlevihânesi – Manisa) (in Turkish). pp. 376–378.
- ISBN 978-0-71009-094-2.