Pancreatic disease

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Pancreatic diseases are diseases that affect the

congenital malformations, tumors including pancreatic cancer, and hemosuccus pancreaticus
.

Pancreatic disease
SpecialtyGastroenterology Edit this on Wikidata

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. There are two forms of pancreatitis, which are different in causes and symptoms, and require different treatment:

Diabetes mellitus

The pancreas is central in the pathophysiology of both major types of

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which begins with insulin resistance
, is characterized by the ultimate failure of pancreatic β cells to match insulin production with insulin demand.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas. EPI is found in humans affected by cystic fibrosis and Shwachman–Diamond syndrome. It is caused by a progressive loss of the pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. Chronic pancreatitis is the most common cause of EPI in humans. Loss of digestive enzymes leads to maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients.

Cystic fibrosis

cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The product of this gene helps create sweat, digestive juices, and mucus. The name cystic fibrosis refers to the characteristic 'fibrosis' (tissue scarring) and cyst formation within the pancreas, causing irreversible damage, and often resulting in painful inflammation (pancreatitis
).

Pseudocysts

A

necrotic tissue, typically located in the lesser sac
.

Cysts

A pancreatic cyst is a fluid filled sac within the pancreas. They can be benign or malignant.

X-ray computed tomography (CT scan) findings of cysts in the pancreas are common, and often are benign. In a study of 2,832 patients without pancreatic disease, 73 patients (2.6%) had cysts in the pancreas.[3]
About 85% of these patients had a single cyst. Cysts ranged in size from 2 to 38 mm (mean, 8.9 mm). There was a strong correlation between the presence of cysts and age. No cysts were identified among patients less than 40 years of age, while 8.7 percent of the patients aged 80 to 89 years had a pancreatic cyst.

Cysts also may be present due to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

Congenital malformations

Pancreas divisum

malformation
in which the pancreas fails to fuse. It is a rare condition that affects only 6% of the world's population, and of these few, only 1% ever have symptoms that require surgery.

Annular pancreas

small bowel obstruction
.

Tumors and cancer

Benign

  • Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas
  • Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm

Tumor predisposition

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

parietal cells
of the stomach. It can lead to ulceration and scarring of the stomach and intestinal mucosa.

Hemosuccus pancreaticus

distal pancreatectomy
may be required to stop the hemorrhage.

References

  1. ^ "The Pancreas and Its Functions | Columbia University Department of Surgery". columbiasurgery.org. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
  2. ^ "Pancreas | betterhealth.vic.gov.au". www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-03-30.
  3. PMID 18716113
    .

External links
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