Politics of the Soviet Union
| Politics of the Soviet Union |
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The
Background
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The
, appropriated the lands of the aristocracy and other large landholders, deserted from the army and mutinied against the navy during the Revolution.Despite their relative discipline, the Bolsheviks were not of one mind, the party being a coalition of committed revolutionaries, but with somewhat differing views as to what was practical and proper. These diverging tendencies resulted in debates within the party over the next decade, followed by a period of consolidation of the party as definite programs were adopted.
Legislative branch
Congress of Soviets (1922–1936) and the Supreme Soviet (1936–1989)
The
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 Soviet election in 1938 |
The Supreme Soviet consisted of two
Congress of People's Deputies and State Council (1989–1991)
Through a constitutional amendment made by
Executive branch
Premier and the Council (1922–1991)
According to the
The Council of Ministers was both responsible for and accountable to the Supreme Soviet, and in the period between sessions of the Supreme Soviet it was accountable to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. The Council of Ministers regularly reported to the Supreme Soviet on its work.[15] It was tasked with resolving all state administrative duties within the jurisdiction of the Soviet Union, to the degree that they did not come under the competence of the Supreme Soviet or the Presidium. Within its limits, the Council of Ministers had authority to do the following tasks:[16]
- Ensure management of the national economy and its socio-cultural construction and development.
- Formulate and submit the state budgetto the Supreme Soviet and submit its fulfilment to the Supreme Soviet.
- Defend the interests of the state, socialist property and public order and protect the rights of Soviet citizens.
- Ensure state security.
- Exercise general leadership of the Soviet armed forcesand determine how many were to be drafted into service.
- Exercise general leadership over Soviet foreign relations; tradeand the economic, scientific-technical and cultural cooperation of the USSR with foreign countries. It also confirmed and announced international treaties signed by the USSR.
- Set up necessary organisations within the Council of Ministers in matters of economics, socio-cultural issues and defence.
The Council of Ministers also had the power to issue decrees and resolutions and to later verify their execution. All organisations were obligated to follow the decrees and resolutions issued by the All-Union Council of Ministers.[17] The All-Union Council also had the power to suspend all issues and decrees made by itself or organisations subordinate to it.[18] It coordinated and directed the work of the republics and their ministries, state committees and other organs subordinate to the All-Union Council.[19] Finally, the competence of the Council of Ministers and its Presidium in their procedures and activities (and its relationship with subordinate organs) was defined in the Soviet constitution by the law on the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.[20]
President and the Cabinet (1991)
In 1990,
Judicial branch
The
According to Article 165, the
Role of the Communist Party
According to
The nomenklatura was the Soviet Union's ruling group and remained one of the main reasons why the Soviet Union existed as long as it did. Members of the nomenklatura were elected by the Communist Party to all important posts in Soviet society which could mean a locally or nationally significant office. Along with the Communist party's monopoly on power, this led to the gradual physical and intellectual degeneration of the Soviet Union as a state. As long as the General Secretary of the Communist Party commanded the loyalty of the Politburo, he would remain more-or-less unopposed and in all probability become the leader of the country.[32]
Organization
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The Communist Party controlled the government apparatus and made decisions affecting the economy and society. The Communist Party followed the ideology of
Ideology
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Education and political discourse proceeded on the assumption that it was possible to mold people using collectivist institutional forms into an ideal Soviet man or woman (see new Soviet man). The validity of ideas, public discourse, and institutional form were evaluated in terms of the official ideology of Marxism–Leninism as interpreted by the Communist Party.
See also
- Economy of the Soviet Union
- History of the Soviet Union
- List of governments of the Soviet Union
- List of heads of state of the Soviet Union
- Premier of the Soviet Union
References
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of January 1924 Article 8. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 5 December 1936 Article 30. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 5 December 1936 Article 14. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 5 December 1936 Article 31. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 108. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 109. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 110. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 111. .
- ^ Soviet Union law № 9853-XI "On amendments and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR
- ^ a b "Gorbachev's Reform Dilemma". Library of Congress Country Studies. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- Government of the USSR: Gorbachev, Mikhail (5 September 1991). УКАЗ: ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ О МИНИСТЕРСТВЕ ЮСТИЦИИ СССР[Law: About state governing bodies of USSR in a transition period On the bodies of state authority and administration of the USSR in Transition] (in Russian). sssr.su. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of January 1924 Article 37. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 128. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 129. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 130. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 131. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 133. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 134. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 135. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 136. .
- ISBN 0-87021-241-9.
- ISBN 978-0-582-78465-9.
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 153. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 157. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 158. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 159. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 165. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 164. .
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR) of 7 October 1977 Article 168. .
- Article 6. .
- Government of the USSR: Gorbachev, Mikhail (14 March 1990). УКАЗ: Об учреждении поста Президента СССР и внесении изменений и дополнений в Конституцию (Основной Закон) СССР[Law: Establish the post of President of the USSR and the amendments to the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the USSR] (in Russian). constitution.garant.ru. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- ISBN 0-8264-1350-1.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Country Studies. Federal Research Division. - Soviet Union
Further reading
- Alexander N. Yakovlev, Anthony Austin, Paul Hollander, Century of Violence in Soviet Russia, Yale University Press (September, 2002), hardcover, 254 pages, ISBN 0-300-08760-8.
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