139th Airlift Squadron
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (September 2022) |
139th Airlift Squadron | |
---|---|
Active | 1942–1944; Present |
Country | United States |
Allegiance | New York |
Branch | Air National Guard |
Type | Squadron |
Role | Specialized Airlift |
Part of | New York Air National Guard |
Garrison/HQ | Stratton Air National Guard Base, Schenectady, New York |
Motto(s) | Always Ready, Ever Willing |
Insignia | |
139th Military Airlift Squadron Emblem | |
Tail marking | Orange Arctic markings |
The 139th Airlift Squadron (139 AS) is a unit of the
History
World War II
Activated at Morris Field, North Carolina, receiving its initial cadre from the 20th Fighter Group. Initially Operated as an operational training squadron (OTU), flying P-39 Airacobras and P-43 Lancers with a mission to train newly graduated pilots from Training Command in single-engine fighter aircraft. Beginning in mid-1943 switched to replacement training (RTU), of pilots. Equipment upgraded to P-47 Thunderbolts and lastly P-40 Warhawks. Was disbanded in May 1944 with reorganization of training units, personnel and equipment absorbed by "Squadron B", 336th AAF Base Unit (Replacement Training Unit, Fighter).
New York Air National Guard
The wartime 303d Fighter Squadron was reconstituted and redesignated as the 139th Fighter Squadron, and was allotted to the New York Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at
The mission of the 139th Fighter Squadron was the air defense of eastern and northern New York. Aircraft parts were no problem and many of the maintenance personnel were World War II veterans so readiness was quite high and the planes were often much better maintained than their USAF counterparts. In some ways, the postwar Air National Guard was almost like a flying country club and a pilot could often show up at the field, check out an aircraft and go flying. However, the unit also had regular military exercises that kept up proficiency and in gunnery and bombing contests they would often score at least as well or better than active-duty USAF units, given the fact that most ANG pilots were World War II combat veterans.
Air Defense mission
With the surprise invasion of
The air defense mission remained after the
In 1956, the
A major change to the 107th Air Defense Wing in 1958 was the transition from an Air Defense Command (ADC) mission to
Airlift mission
With air transportation recognized as a critical need, the 109th was redesignated the 109th Air Transport Group (Heavy) on 2 January 1960 and was transferred from TAC to the
During the
During the 1960s, the Group flew scheduled MATS transport missions to Europe, Africa the Caribbean and South America. On 8 January 1966, Military Air Transport Service became Military Airlift Command (MAC) and the units were redesignated as the 109th Military Airlift Group and 139th was redesignated as the 137th Military Airlift Squadron.
With the retirement of the C-97 in 1971, the 109th became a Tactical Airlift Group and the 139th Tactical Airlift Squadron received eight
The first major mission of the C-130s was in June 1972 when the squadron provided relief assistance to storm victims of Tropical Storm Agnes. 109th crews gave around-the-clock support to relief efforts. Operating mainly from the Broome County Airport at Binghamton, 109th crews provided the lion's share of airlift into stricken areas, particularly Elmira, where surface transportation was cut off. On 1 December 1974, the unit was transferred back to Military Airlift Command when MAC took over the tactical airlift mission from TAC, USAFE and PACAF air force wide.
DEW Line/Antarctic Research Mission Support
In 1975 the 107th was given a new mission for resupply of the Greenland Icecap's radar stations. The 109th was re-equipped with 5
In 1988 the 109th had been notified that, almost overnight, one of the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line radar sites that it supported in Greenland was going to be shut down. The other sites would soon follow and the 109th would be largely out of business because its main mission had ended. The last flight to radar site DYE-3 in December 1989 marked the end of the DEW Line mission. The 107th assumed jurisdiction of the landing strip at the DYE-2 station for pilot training for practicing Antarctic takeoffs & landings (called Ice Station Ruby); a.k.a. the Raven Ski-way Training Facility.
After the closure of the Greenland stations, the experienced gained by the unit was transferred to its new mission; the airlift support to National Science Foundation's South Pole research program and the U.S. Navy's VXE-6 unit. The 109th continued to augment the Navy's Antarctic flying operations for the next eight years.
The 109th was not mobilized during the
In mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with Air Expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept was developed that would mix Active-Duty, Reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as "Provisional" as in the 1991 Gulf War, Expeditionary units are composed of "aviation packages" from several wings, including active-duty Air Force, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard, would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.
Early in 1996, it was announced that the 109th Airlift Wing was slated to assume that entire Antarctic mission from the U.S. Navy in 1999. The Antarctic operation would be fully funded by the NSF. On 20 February 1998, responsibility for airlift support to the
With the assumption of the support mission from the Navy, the 109th established an operating location at Christchurch and a forward location at Williams Field, on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Williams Field consists of two hard-packed snow runways located on approximately 8 meters (26 feet) of compacted snow, lying on top of 80 meters (260 feet) of ice, floating over 550 meters (1,800 feet) of water. Williams provides support to the United States McMurdo Station and New Zealand's Scott Base.
During October 1999 the 109th AW aided in the rescue of Dr. Jerri Nielsen, a doctor with breast cancer symptoms and based at isolated Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica.
Modern era
The 109th Wing's high operational tempo increased dramatically with the surprise attack on the
In its 2005 BRAC Recommendations, DoD recommended to realign the 109th Airlift Wing by transferring four C-130H aircraft to the 189th Airlift Wing, Little Rock AFB, AR. The LC-130 aircraft (ski-equipped) would remain at Schenectady.
The 139th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron deployed to Afghanistan in June 2007, marking the first time since Vietnam that aircraft from the unit flew their own aircraft in a combat theater of operations.
During the 2011–2012 season, crews flying six LC-130H Ski-Herk transports carried out 359 missions between McMurdo Station, Antarctica, and eighteen inland Antarctic destinations, transporting more than seven million pounds of cargo and fuel and more than 1,600 passengers. The LC-130H crews were also called on to provide aerial reconnaissance and communication links to a disabled Russian vessel, allowing for a Royal New Zealand Air Force C-130 crew to later airdrop three parcels on an ice floe next to the ailing ship
The wing has deployed an average of 150 on duty at any one time. The Airmen deploy for 30–60 days each, working two 12-hour shifts each week, running supplies and people to field camps across the continent and the South Pole station.
When the squadron is the primary force provider, the 139th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron is the designation of the forces deployed as part of an Air and Space Expeditionary unit after June 1996.
Lineage
- Constituted as the 303d Fighter Squadron (Single Engine) on 16 Ju1y 1942
- Activated on 23 July 1942
- Disbanded on 1 May 1944
- Reconstituted redesignated 139th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine and allotted to the Air National Guardon 24 May 1946.
- Activated and received federal recognition on 18 October 1948
- Redesignated: 139th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 1 October 1952
- Redesignated: 139th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 10 November 1958
- Redesignated: 139th Air Transport Squadron, Heavy on 2 January 1960[1]
- Federalized and placed on active duty on 1 March 1961
- Released from active duty and returned to New York state control pm 1 December 1962
- Redesignated: 139th Military Airlift Squadron on 1 January 1966
- Redesignated: 139th Tactical Airlift Squadron c. 1 March 1971
- Redesignated: 139th Airlift Squadron on 15 March 1992
Assignments
- 337th Fighter Group, 23 July 1942 – 1 May 1944
- 107th Fighter Group(later 107th Fighter-Interceptor Group), 18 October 1948
- 109th Fighter Group(later 109th Tactical Fighter Group, 109th Air Transport Group), 15 April 1956
- 133d Air Transport Wing, 1 October 1961
- 109th Air Transport Group (later 109th Military Airlift Group, 109th Tactical Airlift Group, 109th Airlift Group), 1 December 1962
- 109th Operations Group, 1 October 1995 – present
Stations
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Aircraft
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Notes
- ^ The unit was to be redesignated the 139th Combat Airlift Squadron on 1 July 1962, but the Department of the Air Force AFOMO Letter directing the action was rescinded in late June.
References
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. OCLC 72556.
- Rosenfeld, Susan; Gross, Charles J. (2007). Air National Guard at 60: A History (PDF). Bolling AFB, DC: Air National Guard History Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
Attribution
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
External links
Media related to 139th Airlift Squadron (New York Air National Guard) at Wikimedia Commons