Alma-Ata Protocol

Alma-Ata Protocol
	L–R: Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, Russian President Boris Yeltsin, and Belarusian leader Stanislav Shushkevich after signing the treaty
Type	Treaty establishing a founding declarations and principles of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
Signed	21 December 1991
Location	Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, Soviet Union
Effective	21 December 1991
Signatories	Russia: Boris Yeltsin; Belarus: Stanislav Shushkevich; Ukraine: Leonid Kravchuk; Armenia: Levon Ter-Petrosyan; Azerbaijan: Ayaz Mutallibov; Kazakhstan: Nursultan Nazarbayev; Kyrgyzstan: Askar Akayev; Moldova: Mircea Snegur; Tajikistan: Rahmon Nabiyev; Turkmenistan: Saparmurat Niyazov; Uzbekistan: Islam Karimov;

The Alma-Ata Protocols were the founding declarations and principles of the

Georgia was the only former republic that did not participate while Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia refused to do so as according to their governments, the Baltic states were illegally incorporated into the USSR in 1940.^[1]

The protocols consisted of a declaration, three agreements and separate appendices. In addition, Marshal Yevgeny Shaposhnikov was confirmed as acting Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Separate treaty was signed between Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine "about mutual measures in regards to nuclear weapons".^[2]

The Alma-Ata Protocols removed any doubt that the Soviet Union no longer existed "as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality" (in the words of the Belovezha Accords' preamble), since 11 of the 12 remaining republics had declared that the Soviet Union had dissolved. The signatories preemptively accepted the resignation of

Supreme Soviet of the USSR

voted the Soviet Union out of existence on 26 December.

Agreement on Councils of Heads of State and Government

A provisional agreement on the membership and conduct of Councils of Heads of State and Government was concluded between the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on 30 December 1991.

Agreement on strategic forces

Concluded between the 11 members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on 30 December 1991.^{[citation needed]}

Agreement on armed forces and border troops

Concluded between the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States on 30 December 1991.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ "THE ALMA-ATA DECLARATION". Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Belarus / Appendix C. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 22 January 2001.
^ (Угода про спільні заходи щодо ядерної зброї). Verkhovna Rada. 21 December 1991
^ Clines, Francis X. (22 December 1991). "11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers". The New York Times.

External links

[1] "THE ALMA-ATA DECLARATION". Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Belarus / Appendix C. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 22 January 2001.

[2] (Угода про спільні заходи щодо ядерної зброї). Verkhovna Rada. 21 December 1991

[3] Clines, Francis X. (22 December 1991). "11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers". The New York Times.

[1]

[2]

Agreement on Councils of Heads of State and Government

Agreement on strategic forces

Agreement on armed forces and border troops

See also

References

External links