Mendocino County, California

Coordinates: 39°28′09″N 123°23′39″W / 39.4692°N 123.3942°W / 39.4692; -123.3942
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Mendocino County, California
County
County of Mendocino
Images, from top down, left to right: The community of Mendocino, the historic Grace Hudson Sun House, Point Arena Lighthouse, the Chandelier Tree, the "Skunk Train", a beach in MacKerricher State Park
The county's official seal, in chief two redwood trees and the numbers '1850', a breaking wave on the Pacific Ocean and a vineyard set in relief, bordered by a dark brown circle with the words 'Mendocino County' appearing within the border in gold block letters
Seal
Nickname: 
"Mendo"
Map
Interactive map of Mendocino County with markers for each of its four incorporated cities: Ukiah (red), Fort Bragg (purple), Point Arena (blue), and Willits (yellow)
Mendocino County's location within California
Mendocino County's location within California
Coordinates (Geographic center of Mendocino County): 39°28′09″N 123°23′39″W / 39.4692°N 123.3942°W / 39.4692; -123.3942
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
RegionCalifornia North Coast
IncorporatedFebruary 18, 1850; 175 years ago (1850-02-18)[1]
Named afterAntonio de Mendoza, Viceroy of New Spain, 1535–42
County seatUkiah
Largest cityUkiah
Government
 • TypeCouncil–CEO
 • BodyMendocino County Board of Supervisors
 • ChairJohn Haschak
 • Vice ChairBernie Norvell
 • Board of Supervisors[2]
Supervisors
  • Madeline Cline
  • Maureen Mulheren
  • John Haschak
  • Bernie Norvell
  • Ted Williams
 • 
707
Congressional district2nd
Websitewww.mendocinocounty.gov

Mendocino County (/ˌmɛndəˈsiːnoʊ/ ⓘ; Mendocino, Spanish for "of Mendoza")[6] is a county located on the North Coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 91,601.[7] The county seat is Ukiah.[8]

Mendocino County consists wholly of the Ukiah, California

Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA) for the purposes of the U.S. Census Bureau. It is located approximately equidistant from the San Francisco Bay Area and California/Oregon border, separated from the Sacramento Valley to the east by the California Coast Ranges. While smaller areas of redwood forest are found farther south, it is the southernmost California county to be included in the World Wildlife Fund's Pacific temperate rainforests ecoregion, the largest temperate rainforest ecoregion on Earth.[9]

The county is noted for its distinctive

liberal views about the use of cannabis and support for its legalization. In 2009, it was estimated that roughly one-third of the economy was based on the cultivation of marijuana.[10]

Mendocino is one of three Northern California counties to make up the "Emerald Triangle", along with Humboldt and Trinity counties.

History

Antonio de Mendoza, the namesake of Mendocino County.

Mendocino County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. Due to an initially minor settler American population, it did not have a separate government until 1859 and was under the administration of Sonoma County prior to that.[11] Some of the county's land was given to Sonoma County between 1850 and 1860.[12]

The county derives its name from

Mendoza.[11]

Neither Spanish nor Mexican influence extended into Mendocino County beyond the establishment of two Mexican land grants in southern Mendocino County: Rancho Sanel in Hopland, in 1844 and Rancho Yokaya that forms the majority of the Ukiah Valley, in 1845.[11][13]

In the 19th century, despite the establishment of the

Round Valley Indian Reservation on March 30, 1870, did not prevent the segregation that continued well into the 20th century. Other tribes from the Sierra Nevada mountains were also relocated to the Round Valley Indian Reservation during the "California Trail Of Tears", where the Natives were forced to march in bad conditions to their new home in Round Valley.[14]
Many of these tribes thrown together were not on good terms with the other tribes they were forced to live with on the reservation, resulting in tensions still evident today.

Boundary dispute with Trinity County

In the first half of the 1850's the

California Attorney General on December 18, 1891, was found to be two miles north of the common boundary surveyed by Fauntleroy, thereby resulting in Trinity County exercising jurisdiction two miles south of the 40th parallel north. Between 1891 and 1907, both counties claimed that the two-mile-wide strip of land belonged to themselves and not the other, with both counties attempting to levy and collect property taxes on land in the strip. In 1907, Trinity County sued Mendocino County in a Tehama County court to settle the dispute. The trial court in Tehama County ruled in favor of Trinity County, even though the land was situated south of the 40th parallel and state law stated that lands south of that parallel belonged to Mendocino County. The appellate court upheld the ruling of the trial court since Section 10 of the special act of March 30, 1872 (Stats. 1871-2, p. 766), which concerned this boundary and was the act under which Fauntleroy acted under, authorized the survey of the theretofore unknown location of the 40th parallel north, stated that "the lines run out, marked and defined as required by this act are hereby declared to be the true boundary lines of the counties named herein", thereby making the law in the political code which defined the boundary as the 40th parallel north only a suggestion and not a fact.[15] The legislature subsequently affirmed this decision, with the modern statute defining the borders of the two counties referencing the survey of Fauntleroy as being the boundary between the two counties instead of the 40th parallel north.[16]

Geography

A vineyard in Mendocino County

According to the

U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 3,878 square miles (10,040 km2), of which 3,506 square miles (9,080 km2) is land and 372 square miles (960 km2) (9.6%) is water.[17]

Adjacent counties

Rivers

Aerial view of the mouth of the Noyo River on the Pacific Ocean at Fort Bragg

Beaches

A beach near Elk

National and state protected areas

Flora and fauna

Main article: List of species endemic to Mendocino County, California

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
185055—
18603,9677,112.7%
18707,54590.2%
188012,80069.6%
189017,61237.6%
190020,46516.2%
191023,92916.9%
192024,1160.8%
193023,505−2.5%
194027,86418.5%
195040,85446.6%
196051,05925.0%
197051,1010.1%
198066,73830.6%
199080,34520.4%
200086,2657.4%
201087,8411.8%
202091,6014.3%
2023 (est.)89,108[18]−2.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[19]
1790–1960[20] 1900–1990[21]
1990–2000[22] 2010[23] 2020[24]

2020 census

Mendocino County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[25] Pop 2010[23] Pop 2020[24] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White
alone (NH) 		64,581 60,249 56,205 74.86% 68.59% 61.36%
Black or African American
alone (NH) 		471 544 607 0.55% 0.62% 0.66%
Alaska Native
alone (NH) 		3,438 3,486 3,528 3.99% 3.97% 3.85%
Asian alone (NH) 1,006 1,402 1,730 1.17% 1.60% 1.89%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 107 92 110 0.12% 0.10% 0.12%
Other Race alone (NH) 152 131 592 0.18% 0.15% 0.65%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 2,297 2,432 4,896 2.66% 2.77% 5.34%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 14,213 19,505 23,933 16.48% 22.20% 26.13%
Total 86,265 87,841 91,601 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010 Census

The

Latino of any race were 19,505 persons (22.2%).[33]

2000

As of the

Census 2000. 84.4% spoke English and 13.2% Spanish
as their first language.

There were 33,266 households, out of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,996, and the median income for a family was $42,168. Males had a median income of $33,128 versus $23,774 for females. The

poverty line
, including 21.5% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

Government

As of 2023, the

District Attorney of Mendocino County is C. David Eyster,[35] the elected Sheriff-Coroner is Matthew C. Kendall [36] and the chief executive officer is Darcie Antle.[37]

Mendocino County is legislatively governed by a board of five supervisors, each with a separate district.[38] The first district is represented by Glenn McGourty,[39] and serves the central-eastern region of the county, including Potter Valley, Redwood Valley, Calpella, and Talmage. The second district, represented by Maureen Mulheren,[39] serves Ukiah. The third district, in the northeastern quadrant of the county from Willits north to Laytonville and Covelo, is represented by John Haschak.[40] The fourth district covers the northwestern quadrant of the county, including the coast from Caspar northwards through Fort Bragg; its supervisor is Dan Gjerde,[39] who previously served on the Fort Bragg City Council. The supervisor for the fifth district is Ted Williams;[40] his district covers the southern portion of the county, including the coast from Mendocino to Gualala, the Anderson Valley, the western outskirts of Ukiah, and portions of the Russian River valley near Hopland.

Politics

Voter registration statistics

Cities by population and voter registration

Overview

Mendocino is a strongly

1984
. However, in the 2016 election, Mendocino County gave Hillary Clinton a reduced margin of victory of any Democrat since Al Gore (though support for third-party candidates more than doubled from 2012). In 2020 the county was won by Joe Biden with an increased margin of victory from the previous election.

United States presidential election results for Mendocino County, California[43][note 4]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 13,528 34.49% 24,049 61.32% 1,642 4.19%
2020 13,267 30.61% 28,782 66.41% 1,291 2.98%
2016 10,888 28.72% 22,079 58.23% 4,948 13.05%
2012 9,658 27.49% 23,193 66.01% 2,286 6.51%
2008 10,721 26.68% 27,843 69.29% 1,620 4.03%
2004 12,955 33.71% 24,385 63.45% 1,089 2.83%
2000 12,272 35.66% 16,634 48.34% 5,504 16.00%
1996 9,765 29.87% 14,952 45.74% 7,975 24.39%
1992 7,958 21.78% 18,344 50.21% 10,236 28.01%
1988 12,979 41.94% 17,152 55.42% 816 2.64%
1984 16,369 52.09% 14,407 45.85% 646 2.06%
1980 12,432 44.05% 10,784 38.21% 5,008 17.74%
1976 9,784 45.49% 10,653 49.53% 1,072 4.98%
1972 11,128 51.01% 9,435 43.25% 1,251 5.73%
1968 8,305 46.39% 7,935 44.32% 1,664 9.29%
1964 6,322 34.68% 11,869 65.12% 36 0.20%
1960 9,301 49.29% 9,476 50.21% 94 0.50%
1956 10,327 56.94% 7,767 42.82% 43 0.24%
1952 10,897 60.87% 6,813 38.06% 191 1.07%
1948 6,368 50.53% 5,553 44.06% 682 5.41%
1944 4,655 45.89% 5,452 53.75% 36 0.35%
1940 5,345 42.53% 7,055 56.13% 169 1.34%
1936 3,670 35.75% 6,432 62.65% 164 1.60%
1932 3,365 35.23% 5,867 61.43% 319 3.34%
1928 4,810 63.39% 2,628 34.63% 150 1.98%
1924 3,465 56.46% 739 12.04% 1,933 31.50%
1920 4,443 65.83% 1,789 26.51% 517 7.66%
1916 3,494 46.79% 3,371 45.14% 603 8.07%
1912 11 0.19% 2,507 44.39% 3,130 55.42%
1908 2,746 55.56% 1,752 35.45% 444 8.98%
1904 2,904 61.55% 1,489 31.56% 325 6.89%
1900 2,192 53.15% 1,861 45.13% 71 1.72%
1896 2,093 48.92% 2,120 49.56% 65 1.52%
1892 1,709 41.87% 2,023 49.56% 350 8.57%
1888 1,708 44.75% 2,005 52.53% 104 2.72%
1884 1,317 43.71% 1,589 52.74% 107 3.55%
1880 969 42.31% 1,313 57.34% 8 0.35%

Federally, Mendocino County is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.[44]

In the

the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire,[45] and the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Chris Rogers.[46]

As of February 2021, the

California Secretary of State
reports that Mendocino County has 54,505 registered voters. Of those, 26,648 (48.9%) are registered Democratic; 11,387 (20.9%) are registered Republican; 4,389 (8.1%) are registered with other political parties, and 12,082 (22.1%) declined to state a political party.

In 2000, Mendocino County voters approved Measure G, which calls for the

decriminalization of marijuana when used and cultivated for personal use.[47] Measure G passed with a 58% majority vote, making it the first county in the United States to declare prosecution of small-scale marijuana offenses the "lowest priority" for local law enforcement. Measure G does not protect individuals who cultivate, transport or possess marijuana for sale. However, Measure G was passed at the local government level affecting only Mendocino County, and therefore does not affect existing state or federal laws. The city of Berkeley has had a similar law (known as the Berkeley Marijuana Initiative II) since 1979 which has generally been found to be unenforceable.[48]

In 2008, the Mendocino County Board of Supervisors placed Measure B on the June 3 county-wide ballot. After three months of hard-fought campaigning and national attention, voters narrowly approved "B", which repealed the provisions of 2000's Measure G.[49][50] However, opponents of Measure B intend to continue the challenge in court, as the wording of Measure B relies heavily on S.B. 420's state limitations which were recently ruled unconstitutional by the California supreme court. On July 3, the Sheriff and District Attorneys offices announced that they would not be enforcing the new regulations for the time being, citing pending legal challenges and conflicts with existing state law.[51]

In April 2009, Sheriff Tom Allman issued his department's medical marijuana enforcement policy, which includes the provisions of Measure B and also cites the California Supreme Court Ruling narrowly defining "caregiver" in the state's medical marijuana law.[52]

In 2004, Measure H was passed in Mendocino County with a 56% majority, making it the first county in the United States to ban the production and cultivation of genetically modified organisms.[53]

On November 4, 2008, Mendocino County voted 63.1% against Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to define marriage as a union between one man and one woman.[54]

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

A coroner's jury ruled that the 2018

Hart family crash in Mendocino County was deliberate.[58]

Media

Mendocino County is considered part of the San Francisco Bay Area television market, and primarily receives the major Bay Area TV stations.

The county is also served by local and regional newspapers as well as a community radio stations. Community radio stations include

Willits News, and The Fort Bragg Advocate. These four papers have seen a precipitous decline in the size of editorial staff and in coverage over the past several years, in keeping with the nationwide tactics of DFM.[62] The Sonoma County-based Press Democrat
also covers the area.

Education

Community colleges

  • Mendocino College:
    • Main campus, Ukiah
    • North County Center, Willits
    • Coast Center, Fort Bragg
  • Albion Biological Field Station

Universities

K-12 education

See also: List of school districts in California § Mendocino_County

School districts include:[63]

Unified:

Secondary:

Elementary:

Transportation

US 101 in Mendocino County

Major highways

Public transportation

Bus

The

Greyhound Bus Lines currently serves Ukiah
.

Amtrak Thruway operates connecting bus service to Ukiah, Willits and Laytonville.[64]

The historic Skunk Train is a heritage railway (that formerly connected Fort Bragg, California with Willits) using steam locomotives.

Airports

For commercial service, passengers in Mendocino County need to go to

Sacramento to the east or San Francisco
, well to the south.

Emergency services for the largely unincorporated county are coordinated through

Cal Fire
station just south of Willits.

Communities

Ecological staircase trail in Jug Handle State Nature Reserve
Islands off the Mendocino coast
Mendocino Grove

Cities

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Indian reservations

Mendocino County has nine Indian reservations lying within its borders, the fourth-most of any county in the United States (after San Diego County, California; Sandoval County, New Mexico; and Riverside County, California).

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Mendocino County.[65]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)
1 † Ukiah City 16,075
2 Fort Bragg City 7,273
3 Willits City 4,888
4 Brooktrails CDP 3,235
5 Redwood Valley CDP 1,729
6 Covelo CDP 1,255
7 Laytonville CDP 1,227
8 Talmage CDP 1,130
9 Boonville CDP 1,035
10 Mendocino CDP 894
11 Hopland CDP 756
12 Calpella CDP 679
13 Potter Valley CDP 646
14 Cleone CDP 618
15 Caspar CDP 509
16 Point Arena City 449
17 Round Valley Reservation[66] (partially in Trinity County) AIAN 401
18 Philo CDP 349
19 Anchor Bay CDP 340
20 Redwood Valley Rancheria[67] AIAN 238
t-21 Laytonville Rancheria[68] AIAN 212
t-21 Manchester-Point Arena Rancheria[69] AIAN 212
22 Manchester CDP 195
t-23 Albion CDP 168
t-23 Sherwood Valley Rancheria[70] AIAN 168
24 Comptche CDP 159
25 Coyote Valley Reservation[71] AIAN 144
26 Pinoleville Rancheria[72] AIAN 129
27 Leggett CDP 122
28 Little River CDP 117
29 Guidiville Rancheria[73] AIAN 52
30 Hopland Rancheria (Pomo Indians)[74] AIAN 38

"Mendocino" by the Sir Douglas Quintet was released in December 1968 and reached number 27 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 by early 1969, spending 15 weeks on the chart.

It's the Girls
.

A song written by Matt Serletic and Bernie Taupin, "Mendocino County Line", which was released in 2002, is about a love that could not last and cites the Mendocino County Line in the chorus.

Many films and movies have been

The Russians Are Coming, Overboard, The Dunwich Horror, The Karate Kid Part III, Dead & Buried, Forever Young, Same Time Next Year, Racing with the Moon, Pontiac Moon, and The Majestic
.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. ^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  3. ^ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
  4. Progressive Theodore Roosevelt (who was official Republican nominee in California), 752 votes for Socialist Eugene V. Debs and 141 votes for Prohibition Party nominee Eugene W. Chafin
    .

References

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  3. ^ "Anthony Peak". Peakbagger.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
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  6. ISBN 9781404750845
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  13. ^ a b https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_m8FQAQAAIAAJ/bub_gb_m8FQAQAAIAAJ_djvu.txt Cape Mendocino was named in honor of Antonio de Mendoza, the first Viceroy of New Spain. He was appointed by the emperor, and, arriving in the city of Mexico in 1535, ordered a survey of the coast of California, wherein the cape was discovered. The county was named after the cape. History of Northern California, p. 138.
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  64. ^ "amtrak.com Thruway map" (PDF). Amtrak.com. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  65. ^ "Census Coverage Measurement". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  66. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Round Valley Reservation". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  67. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Redwood Valley Rancheria". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  68. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Laytonville Rancheria". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  69. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Manchester-Point Arena Rancheria". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  70. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Sherwood Valley Rancheria". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  71. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Coyote Valley Reservation". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  72. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Pinoleville Rancheria". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  73. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Guidiville Rancheria". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  74. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search : Hopland Rancheria". Census.gov. Retrieved November 7, 2017.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mendocino County, California.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Mendocino County.
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