Environment of California
This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. (February 2021) |
The
History of environmental action
California's
Population and transportation
California's aboriginal population of about 300,000 was distributed in relatively self-sufficient groups with subsistence resources on the coastal wetlands near the mouth of the
San Francisco Bay remained the focus of a railway network extending north and south until Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway completed a transcontinental rail link to Los Angeles and San Diego in 1885. Eastbound rail shipment of citrus began in 1890. Petroleum was discovered in 1892, and the first offshore drilling occurred at Summerland Oil Field in 1896.[4] Hollywood's film industry and shift of the United States Navy Battle Fleet home port to San Pedro in 1919 accelerated growth of southern coastal cities to 36% of the state population by 1920.[2]
As California petroleum production peaked, the United States Highway System of 1925 included routes paralleling older transportation corridors.
Modern commuter rail service includes Bay Area Rapid Transit, Caltrain, Muni Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, San Diego Trolley, Sacramento Regional Transit District, VTA light rail, and Amtrak's Pacific Surfliner and Capitol Corridor. In 2010, 9 million Californians (24% of the population) lived around San Francisco Bay and 21 million (57% of the population) lived in the southern coastal cities.[6]
Water transfers
Unsuccessful gold prospectors soon recognized California's agricultural potential and their mining equipment began adjusting timing and location of stream flows to increase food production. Mono Lake and Tulare Lake shrank as flows were diverted to irrigation.[7] Little Lake was drained to form the town of Willits, California in 1874,[8] and Laguna de Santa Rosa was drained to bring rail service to Sonoma County.[9] The Klamath Project drained large shallow lakes for conversion to cropland in 1905. The Potter Valley Project diverted water from the Eel River to the Russian River in 1906 to provide hydroelectric power to Ukiah, California; and Lake Pillsbury was formed behind Scott Dam in 1922 to increase summer flows allowing irrigation of Potter Valley.[10]
A major fraction of water transferred to southern California is used for production of food. Irrigation
New environments
Aside from simple agricultural environments, water transfer has created a unique southern California
Legislation
- California Environmental Quality Act
- California Proposition 23
- California Proposition 50 (2002)
- California Proposition 65 (1986)
- Electronic Waste Recycling Act
- Electronic Waste Recycling Fee
Organizations
- California Air Resources Board
- California Coastal Commission
- California Coastal Conservancy
- California Department of Pesticide Regulation
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control
- California Environmental Protection Agency
- California State Lands Commission
- Water Education Foundation
Climate change
See also
- CoolCalifornia.org
- Pollution in California
- Ecology of California
- Environment of the United States
- Environmental issues in the United States
- List of Superfund sites in California
- San Francisco Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance
References
- ^ Heizer, Robert F. Handbook of North American Indians, volume 8, California (1978) Smithsonian Institution pp.22-23
- ^ ISBN 0-9602544-0-4pp.9-19
- ^ "THE GREAT CALIFORNIA FLOOD OF 1862". Fortnightly Club of Redlands. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
- ISBN 0-8229-5663-2p.30|pages
- ^ "Environmental History Timeline". Radford University. Archived from the original on 2011-02-05. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ "CA County Population". California State Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-12. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ "Tulare Lake basin hydrology and hydrography: a summary of the movement of water and aquatic species" (PDF). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
- ISBN 978-1-884995-14-9p.168
- ^ "New Life for the Laguna". Bay Nature. Retrieved 2011-05-18.
- ^ Baxter, Don J. Lakes of California (1972) Pacific Gas & Electric Co pp.33-34
- ^ ISBN 0-9602544-0-4pp.142-145
- ^ "Salton Sea". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ Wolch, West and Gaines Transspecies Urban Theory from Satiety and Space 1995. volume 13, pages 735-760