Denton, Texas
Denton, Texas | ||
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City | ||
FIPS code 48-19972[12] | | |
GNIS feature ID | 2410323[10] | |
Website | City of Denton |
Denton is a city in the
A Texas
Located on the far north end of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in North Texas on Interstate 35, Denton is known for its active music scene; the North Texas State Fair and Rodeo, Denton Arts and Jazz Festival, and Thin Line Fest attract over 300,000 people to the city each year. The city has hot, humid summers and few extreme weather events. Its diverse citizenry is represented by a nonpartisan city council, and numerous county and state departments have offices in the city. With over 45,000 students enrolled at the two universities within its city limits, Denton is often characterized as a college town. As a result of the universities' growth, educational services play a large role in the city's economy. Residents are served by the Denton County Transportation Authority, which provides commuter rail and bus service to the area.
History
Denton's formation is closely tied to that of Denton County. White settlement of the area began in the mid-1800s when William S. Peters of Kentucky obtained a
On July 8, 1860, approximately half of the downtown Square burned down in what was later called the "Texas Troubles".[15] Fires occurred in ten Texas communities that day, including Dallas and Pilot Point, and were quickly attributed to a slave insurrection.[15] By the end of July, vigilante justice took hold and "[r]egularly constituted law-enforcement agencies stepped aside to allow the vigilantes to do their work. Although no hard evidence was ever adduced to prove the guilt of a single alleged black arsonist or white abolitionist, many unfortunates of both classes were nevertheless hanged for their alleged crimes."[15]
In February 1861, a statewide referendum was held and Texans voted to join the Confederate States of America.[16]
Post–Civil War
Denton incorporated in 1866; its first mayor was J.B. Sawyer.[17] As the city expanded beyond its original boundaries (which extended half a mile in every direction from center of the public square[18]), it became an agricultural trade center for the mill and cottage industries. The arrival of the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881 gave Denton its first rail connection and brought an influx of people to the area.[17] North Texas Normal College, now the University of North Texas, was established in 1890, and the Girls' Industrial College, now Texas Woman's University, was founded in 1901. As the universities increased in size, their impact on Denton's economy and culture increased.[17] Electricity came to Denton in 1905 with the creation of Denton Municipal Electric.
Segregation and Jim Crow era
After the Civil War, "Freedmen Settlements" were started throughout the South.[19] One Freedman Settlement, Quakertown, thrived just south of what is now Texas Woman's University until around 1920, when the city government forcibly removed the residents to make way for a park.[20] Quakertown's Black children were served separately from white children by the Frederick Douglass School.[20] Originally scheduled to open in September 1913, it was mysteriously burned down the night before its scheduled opening.[20] It was rebuilt and in 1949 renamed the "Fred Moore School".[21]
Postwar growth
Denton's population grew from 26,844 in 1960 to 48,063 in 1980. Its connection to the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex via I-35E and I-35W played a major role in the growth, and the opening of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport in 1974 led to a population increase. In the 1980s, heavy manufacturing companies like Victor Equipment Company and Peterbilt joined older manufacturing firms such as Moore Business Forms and Morrison Milling Company in Denton. The population rose from 66,270 in 1990 to 80,537 in 2000.[17] In May 2006, Houston-based real estate company United Equities purchased the 100-block of Fry Street and announced that several of the historic buildings would be demolished and the businesses displaced to accommodate a new mixed-use commercial center. Some residents, who sought to preserve the area as a historic and cultural icon, opposed the proposal.[22] The Denton City Council approved a new proposal for the area from Dinerstein Cos in 2010.[23]
Timeline
- 1857
- Seat of Denton County relocated to Denton from Alton[24]
- First Methodist Church founded.[25]
- County Courthouse built.[14]
- 1858 – Union Baptist Church founded[25]
- 1866 – Town of Denton incorporated[24]
- 1868 – Denton Monitor newspaper began publication[26]
- 1869 – J.B. Sawyer became mayor.[27]
- 1870 – Denton (and
- 1880 – Population: 1,194[29]
- 1881 – Railroad began operating[27]
- 1882
- 1890 – North Texas Normal College opened[31]
- 1894 – City Hall built[27]
- 1896
- Streetcar began operating[27]
- Denton County Courthouse rebuilt.[24]
- 1899 – Denton Record and Chronicle newspaper in publication[30]
- 1900 – Population: 4,187[29]
- 1903 – Girls' Industrial College established[31]
- 1907
- Trolley began operating[32]
- Rector Road Bridge built.
- 1914 – City of Denton incorporated[24]
- 1916 – College's Campus Chat newspaper begins publication[26]
- 1920 – City police department and Rotary Club established[27][33]
- 1921 – Denton County League of Women Voters formed[28]
- 1923 – Public park created in Quakertown[34]
- 1927 – Denton City Hall built[25]
- 1930 – Population: 9,587[29]
- 1933 – Public library opened[27]
- 1939 – KDNT radio began broadcasting[35]
- 1941 – Little Chapel in the Woods built[27]
- 1947 – Denton Municipal Airport began operating[27]
- 1950 – Population: 21,372[29]
- 1954 – Federal Civil Defense Administration regional office relocated to Denton from Dallas.[17]
- 1959 – Council-manager form of government adopted[17]
- 1960 – Denton State School established[17]
- 1961 – North Texas State Universityactive
- 1966
- Civic Center built[27]
- Denton joined the North Central Texas Council of Governments (approximate date)[36][chronology citation needed]
- 1969 – Denton Community Theatre active
- 1974 – Dallas–Fort Worth Regional Airport operating in vicinity of Denton[17]
- 1979 – Courthouse-on-the-Square Museum opened[37]
- 1980
- Golden Triangle Mall in business[17]
- Population: 48,063.[29]
- 1987 – North Texas State University Press headquartered in Denton
- 1988 – North Texas State University renamed University of North Texas
- 1996 – City website online (approximate date)[38][39]
- 2000 – Population: 80,537[29]
- 2003
- Public swimming pool opened[27]
- U.S. representative for Texas's 26th congressional district[40]
- 2010 – Population: 113,383[41]
- 2011 – Apogee Stadiumopened
- 2014 – Chris Watts became mayor[42]
- 2015 – Friendship City relationship formalized with Santa Rosa de Múzquiz, Mexico.[43]
- 2020 – Gerard Hudspeth became Denton's first African-American mayor.[44]
Geography
Denton is on the northern edge of the
Climate
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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With its hot, humid summers and cool winters, Denton's climate is characterized as
Climate data for Denton, Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1913–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 90 (32) |
96 (36) |
99 (37) |
102 (39) |
111 (44) |
108 (42) |
113 (45) |
113 (45) |
111 (44) |
103 (39) |
92 (33) |
89 (32) |
113 (45) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 75 (24) |
79 (26) |
86 (30) |
88 (31) |
94 (34) |
98 (37) |
102 (39) |
103 (39) |
98 (37) |
91 (33) |
82 (28) |
76 (24) |
105 (41) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 55.8 (13.2) |
59.6 (15.3) |
67.7 (19.8) |
75.6 (24.2) |
82.9 (28.3) |
91.1 (32.8) |
95.9 (35.5) |
95.8 (35.4) |
88.5 (31.4) |
78.1 (25.6) |
66.2 (19.0) |
57.4 (14.1) |
76.2 (24.6) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 45.0 (7.2) |
48.5 (9.2) |
56.3 (13.5) |
64.2 (17.9) |
72.8 (22.7) |
81.1 (27.3) |
85.4 (29.7) |
85.0 (29.4) |
77.7 (25.4) |
66.7 (19.3) |
55.2 (12.9) |
46.8 (8.2) |
65.4 (18.6) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 34.1 (1.2) |
37.4 (3.0) |
44.8 (7.1) |
52.8 (11.6) |
62.7 (17.1) |
71.1 (21.7) |
74.9 (23.8) |
74.2 (23.4) |
66.8 (19.3) |
55.3 (12.9) |
44.1 (6.7) |
36.1 (2.3) |
54.5 (12.5) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 20 (−7) |
23 (−5) |
29 (−2) |
38 (3) |
48 (9) |
62 (17) |
68 (20) |
66 (19) |
54 (12) |
40 (4) |
29 (−2) |
22 (−6) |
16 (−9) |
Record low °F (°C) | −3 (−19) |
−2 (−19) |
5 (−15) |
25 (−4) |
35 (2) |
47 (8) |
51 (11) |
52 (11) |
36 (2) |
16 (−9) |
10 (−12) |
0 (−18) |
−3 (−19) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.20 (56) |
2.83 (72) |
3.36 (85) |
3.67 (93) |
4.86 (123) |
3.58 (91) |
2.29 (58) |
2.44 (62) |
2.96 (75) |
4.64 (118) |
2.94 (75) |
2.67 (68) |
38.44 (976) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 9.4 | 6.6 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 79.6 |
Source: NOAA[51][52][53] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1870 | 361 | — | |
1880 | 1,194 | 230.7% | |
1890 | 2,558 | 114.2% | |
1900 | 4,187 | 63.7% | |
1910 | 4,732 | 13.0% | |
1920 | 7,626 | 61.2% | |
1930 | 9,587 | 25.7% | |
1940 | 11,192 | 16.7% | |
1950 | 21,372 | 91.0% | |
1960 | 26,844 | 25.6% | |
1970 | 39,874 | 48.5% | |
1980 | 48,063 | 20.5% | |
1990 | 66,270 | 37.9% | |
2000 | 80,537 | 21.5% | |
2010 | 113,383 | 40.8% | |
2020 | 139,869 | 23.4% | |
2021 (est.) | 148,146 | [12] | 5.9% |
Race | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
White (NH)
|
76,532 | 54.72% |
Black or African American (NH)
|
15,415 | 11.02% |
Alaska Native (NH)
|
624 | 0.45% |
Asian (NH) | 6,030 | 4.31% |
Pacific Islander (NH) | 152 | 0.11% |
Some Other Race (NH) | 497 | 0.36% |
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 6,166 | 4.41% |
Hispanic or Latino | 34,453 | 24.63% |
Total | 139,869 |
Along with much of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Denton has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 21st century, becoming the seventh-fastest growing city in the U.S. with a population over 100,000 between 2010 and 2011.
The United States Census Bureau defines an urban area of northern Dallas-area suburbs that are separated from the Dallas–Fort Worth urban area, with Denton and Lewisville as the principal cities: the Denton–Lewisville, TX urban area had a population of 429,461 as of the 2020 census, ranked 96th in the United States.[8]
Economy
The educational services, health and social services, manufacturing, and general retail sectors employ over 20,000 people in Denton. The city's three largest educational institutions, including the University of North Texas, Denton Independent School District, and Texas Woman's University, are the largest employers, employing almost 12,000 people. The University of North Texas is the city's largest employer, with 7,764 employees comprising 12.59% of the workforce. The City of Denton also employs more than 1,334 people.
Top employers
According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[60] the top employers in Denton were:
# | Employer | Number of employees |
---|---|---|
1 | University of North Texas | 4,614 |
2 | Denton Independent School District | 4,417 |
3 | Peterbilt Motors
|
3,075 |
4 | Texas Woman's University | 1,875 |
5 | Denton County (in Denton) | 1,803 |
6 | City of Denton | 1,757 |
7 | Denton State Supported Living Center | 1,700 |
8 | Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Denton | 1,076 |
9 | Medical City Denton
|
950 |
9 | Sally Beauty Holding,Inc | 950 |
Arts and cultural life
Denton is home to several annual artistic and cultural events that cater to residents and tourists. The annual North Texas State Fair and Rodeo began in 1928 and promotes Texas's cowboy culture. In addition to a rodeo, the event features several local country rock performances, pageants, and food contests. Hosted by the North Texas State Fairgrounds since 1948, the fair brings in over 150,000 people during its nine-day run.
The
Music
Denton's
The city-sponsored Denton Arts and Jazz Festival attracts over 200,000 people each year for live music, food, crafts, and recreation at Civic Center Park.[77] With hopes to create a live music event like South by Southwest, Denton held the first North by 35 Music Festival, later renamed 35 Denton, in March 2009. The festival ceased in 2017 after running annually for several years.[78][79] The city has also hosted the annual film and music festival Thin Line Fest annually since 2007. It is Texas's longest-running documentary film festival and attracts thousands of tourists over a few days each year.[80]
Denton Square
The Denton Square, bordered by Oak, Hickory, Locust, and Elm Streets, is a cultural and political hub of the city. At its center is the Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square, which includes local government offices and a museum showcasing area history and culture.[81]
Listed on the
In 1918, the
Government
Local government
Denton is the
Denton is a voluntary member of the North Central Texas Council of Governments association, the purpose of which is to coordinate individual and collective local governments and facilitate regional solutions, eliminate unnecessary duplication, and enable joint decisions.
Politics
Denton historically is a solidly Republican-voting city,[citation needed] but it has become more competitive in national elections as its population has diversified, shifting toward the Democratic Party in more recent elections.
Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties/Ind.
|
---|---|---|---|
2020 | 48.01% 38,910 | 49.97% 40,499 | 2.02% 1,637 |
2016 | 40.52% 24,943 | 52.80% 32,501 | 6.68% 4,112 |
Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties/Ind.
|
---|---|---|---|
2022 | 53.22% 27,787 | 45.13% 23,520 | 1.53% 800 |
2018 | 47.85% 29,623 | 49.86% 30,865 | 2.27% 1,410 |
Federal and state government
After the 2021 redistricting process, new and significantly different political boundaries were set for Denton County. Starting in 2023, most of Denton will be in the 13th Congressional district. The southwest portions of the city will be in the 26th Congressional district.
Almost all of the city is in newly drawn Texas House district 64. Some portions of south, north, and far east Denton are in Texas House districts 57 and 106. All of the city is in the new Texas Senate district 30, except for some western portions in district 12.
Several Texas state agencies have facilities in the city, including a Texas Workforce Center,[91] a Texas Department of Public Safety office,[92] a Texas Department of Criminal Justice office, and a Denton District Parole Office.
The Denton State Supported Living Center, formerly Denton State School, is Texas's largest residential facility for people with developmental disabilities. It serves an 18-county area and employs approximately 1,500 people.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has its Region VI headquarters in Denton.[93]
County and municipal government
All Denton city council and mayoral terms are two years, unlike in most cities in the area, which use three-year terms. Even-numbered years bring the elections of the three at-large seats, places 5 & 6 and mayor. Odd-numbered years bring the elections of the four district council members.
- J. B. Sawyer, 1869
- W. J. Austin, 1870
- Dempsey Jackson, 1871
- W. C. Bobbett, 1872
- R. B. Coleman, 1873
- David Jones Eddleman, 1874-1875
- Joseph Warren Jagoe, 1876
- M. W. Deavenport Sr., 1877, 1891
- John Allen Withers, 1878
- Thomas E. Hogg, 1879
- I. D. Ferguson, 1880
- D. N. Dodson, 1881
- C. L. Herbert Jr., 1882
- D. A. Robinson, 1883
- T. W. Abney 1883-1885
- Oliver Perry Poe, 1885-1888, 1891-1894, 1896-1904, 1910-1911
- Emory C. Smith, 1888-1890
- J. A. Carroll, 1890-1891
- F. M. Davidson, 1894-1895
- W. L. McCormick, 1904-1905
- T. J. Simmons, 1906-1907
- Ed. F. Bates, 1908-1909, 1912-1913
- W. L. Foreman, 1914-1915
- R. H. Evers, 1915
- S. G. Gary, 1916
- Peter Joseph Beyette, 1917-1919
- H. V. Hennen, 1919-1925
- B. W. McKenzie, 1926-1933
- J. L. Wright, 1934-1937
- Lee Preston, 1938-1945
- J. L. Yarborough, 1946-1949, 1956-1957
- Mark Hannah, 1950-1955
- Jack Bryson, 1957-1959
- Frank L. Barrow, 1959-1962
- W. F. Brooks Sr., 1962
- Warren Whitson Jr., 1962-1967
- Zeke Martin, 1967-1969
- L. A. Nelson, 1969-1970
- A. M. Finlay Jr., 1970-1972
- William Nash "Bill" Neu, 1972-1974
- Tom D. Jester Jr., 1974-1976
- Elinor Hughes, 1976-1978
- Joe Mitchell, 1978-1979
- William Stanley "Bill" Nash, 1979-1980
- Richard O. Stewart, 1980-1986
- Ray Stephens, 1986-1989[94]
- Bob Castleberry, 1990-1995
- Jack Miller, 1996-1999
- Euline Brock, 2000-2005
- Perry McNeill, 2006-2008
- Mark Burroughs, 2008-2014
- Chris Watts, 2014-2020
- Gerard Hudspeth, 2020–present
The mayor is Gerard Hudspeth, who was elected in 2020 and reelected in 2022.
In 2014, city voters approved a ban on
In 2022, city voters approved decriminalization of possession of misdemeanor amounts of marijuana.[96]
Education
Primary and secondary schools
Denton Independent School District (DISD) provides the public primary and secondary educational system in the majority of the city.[97] The district comprises four comprehensive high schools (Braswell, Denton, Guyer, and Ryan), two alternative high schools, and multiple elementary and middle schools.[98] Small portions of the city extend into the Argyle, Krum, Ponder, and Sanger school districts.[97] The respective comprehensive high schools of these districts are: Argyle, Krum, Ponder, and Sanger.
Denton is also host to several private schools with religious affiliations and alternative education models. According to the 2010 United States Census, 35.1% of all adults over the age of 25 in Denton have obtained a bachelor's degree, as compared to the state average of 25.8%, and 86.1% of residents over the age of 25 have earned a high school diploma, as compared to the state average of 80%.[12]
The high school residential program Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science, for gifted students, is in Denton.
The Roman Catholic Immaculate Conception Catholic School, a K–8 school of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Worth, opened in 1995. Construction on the current facility started on July 15, 2001, with its opening on August 19, 2002.[99]
The charter school operator Life's Beautiful Educational Centers Inc. (closed 1999) operated the school L.O.V.E. in Denton.[100]
Public libraries
Denton is served by the Denton Public Library, which has three branches: Emily Fowler Central Library, North Branch Library, and South Branch Library.[101]
University of North Texas
The
Texas Woman's University
Texas Woman's University (TWU) is a public university system in Denton with two health science center campuses in Dallas and Houston. Founded in 1901, the university enrolls more than 13,000 undergraduates and graduates. Men have been admitted to TWU since 1972 but make up less than ten percent of the university. TWU's College of Nursing is the second largest in Texas and in the top 20 of largest nursing programs in the United States, and the school's nursing doctoral program is the largest in the world.[105][106][107]
FSB Exchange at NCTC Denton
North Central Texas College (NCTC) is a public community college based in Gainesville, Texas. Starting in the 2019–2020 school year, North Central Texas College partnered with First State Bank to open a branch campus in downtown Denton. Located in the former Denton Record-Chronicle building, the campus focuses on accounting, business, biology, early childhood education, kinesiology, psychology, and general studies.[108]
Media
Since 1899, the
Infrastructure
Health care
Two major hospitals operate in Denton: Medical City Denton and Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Denton are both full-service hospitals with differing capacities: 208 beds and 255 beds, respectively.[113] Each employs more than 800 employees and are licensed with emergency services.[114]
Fracking ban
In response to the previously mentioned, 2014 city referendum prohibiting
Transportation
Mass transit
Denton is served by the
DCTA also operates the Connect local bus service within Denton, special university shuttles, and on-demand GoZone services in partnership with TransitTech provider Via Transportation. All Connect services (not the A-train) are free of charge for students at the University of North Texas who swipe their ID at the bus entrance.
Notable people
Politicians and activists
- Amber Briggle, activist and business owner
- Bob Castleberry, former mayor and sweepstakes winner (born in Denton)
Artists, entertainers, and celebrities
- Michael Lee Aday, also known as Meat Loaf, singer and actor
- Aaron Aryanpur, stand-up comedian (grew up in Denton)
- Memphis May Fire, metal band
- Shirley Cothran, 1975 Miss America (born in Denton County, Texas and Denton High graduate)
- Herschel Evans, jazz musician (born in Denton)
- Phyllis George, 1971 Miss America, First Lady of Kentucky (1979–1983); businesswoman, actress, and sportscaster
- Andrew Savage, painter, Grammy-nominated musician, co-frontman of Parquet Courts(born in Denton)
- Sarah Jaffe, American singer-songwriter
- Ralph Kirshbaum, classical cellist (born in Denton, raised in Tyler, Texas)
- Jason Lee, actor, skateboarder
- Xander Mobus, voice actor
- Ray Peterson, 1950s/1960s pop singer (born in Denton)
- Robert Ray "Rocky" Shahan, actor, stuntman (born and died in Denton)
- Ann Sheridan, actress (born in Denton)
- Sly & The Family Stonefounder (born in Denton)
- Mike Wiebe, musician (The Riverboat Gamblers), actor and stand-up comedian
- Tommy Taylor, American Musician (born in Denton)
- Livingston, singer-songwriter (born and raised in Denton)
- WSCR-AM(born and raised in Denton)
Athletes
- Mario Bennett, former NBA player from 1995 to 2000 (born in Denton)
- Jim Chamblee, former MLB player (born in Denton)
- Brandon Erwin, racing driver (born in Denton)
- Carl Garrett, NFL player (born in Denton)
- Abner Haynes, former NFL player (born in Denton)
- Austin Jackson, MLB player (born in Denton)
- Corey Knebel, MLB player (born in Denton)
- Jarvis Moss, NFL player (born in Denton)
Other
- Charles 'Tex' Watson, Manson Family murderer (born Farmersville, Texas; later moved to Denton)
Notes
References
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- ^ a b Federal Writers' Project 1940.
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Bibliography
- "Denton". Texas State Gazetteer and Business Directory. St. Louis: R.L. Polk & Co.1884.
- Bates, Ed F. (1918). History and Reminiscences of Denton County. Denton: Denton, Tex., McNitzky printing company. OCLC 2133818.
- Mary Jo Cowling. Geography of Denton County. Dallas: Banks Upshaw and Co., 1936.
- hdl:2027/mdp.39015002677667 – via HathiTrust
- E. Dale Odom and Bullitt Lowry. A Brief History of Denton County, Texas. Denton: Denton County Historical Commission, 1975.
- C. A. Bridges. History of Denton, Texas, from Its Beginning to 1960 (Waco: Texian Press, 1978)
- 1986 Calendar of Early Denton History. Friends of the Denton Public Library. 1985 – via University of North Texas Libraries.
- 1988 Historical Calendar: Mayors of Denton. Friends of the Denton Public Library. 1987 – via University of North Texas Libraries.
- Denton Review, Historical Society of Denton County, OCLC 214218781989-
- Hollace Hervey (2002). Historic Denton County: An Illustrated History. San Antonio: Historical Publishing Network. ISBN 978-1-893619-07-4.
- Paul T. Hellmann (2006). "Texas: Denton". Historical Gazetteer of the United States. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-94859-7.
Further reading
- Dr. C. A. Bridges (1978). History of Denton, Texas From Its Beginning to 1960. Texian Press.
- Odom, E.D. (1996). An Illustrated History of Denton County, Texas: From Peters Colony to Metroplex. E.D. Odom. ISBN 978-0-9651324-0-4.
External links
- Denton travel guide from Wikivoyage
- City of Denton website
- Denton, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online