Ikhshidid dynasty
(Redirected from
Ikhshidid
)Ikhshidids الإخشيديون | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
935–969 | |||||||||||
Coinage of
al-Ramla) mint. Dated AH 332 (943-4 CE).[1] | |||||||||||
Abu'l-Misk Kafur | |||||||||||
• 968–969 | Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Ikhshid | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
• Established | 935 | ||||||||||
969 | |||||||||||
Currency | Dinar | ||||||||||
|
The Ikhshidid dynasty (
Fatimid army conquered Fustat in 969.[3] Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, a Turkic[4][5] mamluk soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph al-Radi.[6]
The Ikhshidid family tomb was in Jerusalem.[7]
History
Origin of the name
The name "Ikhshidid" comes from the Central Asian dynastic name
Founding
The creation of the Ikhshidid state was part of the wider disintegration and decentralisation of the
Tinnis and able to outflank Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh, the main opponent, forcing his retreat and facilitating ibn Tughj's subsequent entry to Fustat in August.[12]
The Fatimids were a major threat at the time and considerable effort was put into repelling them, culminating in their defeat by Ubayd Allah, ibn Tughj's brother, by November 936.[13] There was remarkable stability in the early years, with an absence of economic chaos and Bedouin raids, coupled with prohibition of looting, which helped pacify Egypt. Ibn Tughj sought the honorific title (laqab) of Al-Ikhshīd, which means "King of the Farghanians", from the Abbasids and official designation arrived in July 939.[14]
Consolidation
Kafur wielded real authority following ibn Tughj's death in 946 and was highly regarded among contemporaries.[19]
Troubles, decline and conquest by Fatimids
Jawhar al-Siqilli managed to conquer Egypt in 969. Ubayd Allah, brother of Muhammad ibn Tughj, held out in Syria until March 970, when he was defeated and taken prisoner by Ja'far ibn Fallah
, signalling the end of the Ikhshidid dynasty as a ruling power.
Ikhshidid rulers
- 935–946 Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid (محمد بن طغج الإخشيد)
- 946–961 Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid (أبو القاسم أنوجور بن الإخشيد)
- 961–966 Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid (أبو الحسن علي بن الإخشيد)
- 966–968 Abu'l-Misk Kafur (أبو المسك كافور)
- 968–969 Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Ikhshid (أبو الفوارس أحمد بن علي بن الإخشيد)
Family tree
Ikhshidid Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Military
Like the
Fatimids after them, the Ikhshidids made use of Black slave troops.[24] The practice began with the Tulunids in 870 AD, where the Africans were used as infantrymen, and continued by the Ikhshidids due to financial reasons, as they were cheaper than Turkic military slaves which were used as cavalry.[25]
Coinage
Only gold coins are common, with coppers being extremely rare. Dinars were mainly struck at Misr (Fustat) and Filastin (al-Ramla), and dirhams were usually struck at Filastin, and less often at Tabariya, Dimashq, and Hims. Other mints for dirhams are quite rare. Dinars from Misr are often well struck, while the Filastin dinars are more crude. Dirhams are usually crudely struck and often are illegible on half of the coin.[26]
See also
History of the Turkic peoples pre–14th century |
---|
- List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
- 10th century in Lebanon § The Ikhshidids
References
- ISBN 978-977-424-930-3.
- ISBN 978-0-582-36931-3.
The two gubernatorial dynasties in Egypt which have already been mentioned, the Tulunids and the Ikhshidids, were both of Mamluk origin.
- ^ The Fatimid Revolution (861-973) and its aftermath in North Africa, Michael Brett, The Cambridge History of Africa, Vol. 2 ed. J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, (Cambridge University Press, 2002), 622.
- ^ Abulafia, David (2011). The Mediterranean in History. p. 170.
- ^ Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index. p. 382.
- ^ C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 62.
- , p13-14 (no.146): “L’émir Muhammad mourut à Damas en 334 (946) et son corps fut transporté et inhumé à Jérusalem. L’émir Unūdjūr mourut en 349 (960) et son corps fut porté à Jérusalem et inhumé à côté de celui de son père. L’émir ‘Ali mourut en 355 (966) et son corps fut transporté à Jérusalem et inhumé à côté de ceux de son père et de son frère. Enfin l'ustādh Kāfūr mourut en 357 (968) et son corps fut transporté et inhumé à Jérusalem, sans doute auprès de ceux de ses maîtres. Ainsi les Ikhshidides avaient leur caveau funéraire à Jérusalem. Bien plus, un auteur contemporain précise que «l'émir Ali fut transporté dans un cercueil à Jérusalem et enterré, avec son frère et son père, ce tout près du Bāb al-asbāt ou porte des Tribus (1). Ce nom désignait et désigne encore la porte du Haram désigne encore la porte du Haram qui s'ouvre dans l'angle nord-est de l'esplanade (2), et précisément derrière le n° 146, à l'intérieur du mur d’enceinte.”
- ^ Bosworth 1971, p. 1060.
- ^ Bacharach 1993, p. 411.
- S2CID 161166177.
- S2CID 161166177.
- S2CID 161166177.
- S2CID 161166177.
- S2CID 161166177.
- ISBN 978-977-416-074-5.
- S2CID 161166177.
- S2CID 161166177.
- S2CID 161166177.
- ^ a b Petry, Carl F. (10 Jul 2008). The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 115.
- ^ "Textile Fragment". The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ^ Petry, Carl F. (10 Jul 2008). The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 116.
- ^ Petry, Carl F. (10 Jul 2008). The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 117.
- ^ El-Azhari, Taef Kamal (2013). Gender and history in the Fatimid State: The case of Eunuchs 909-1171. p. 14.
- S2CID 162310414.
- S2CID 161458709.
- ^ Album, Stephen. A Checklist of Islamic Coins, Second Edition, January 1998, Santa Rosa, Calif.
Sources
- Bacharach, Jere L. (1993). "Muḥammad b. Ṭug̲h̲d̲j". In ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
- OCLC 495469525.
External links
- Your Egypt Archived 2010-06-21 at the Wayback Machine